Functioning of DNA Database in Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Anna Jurga ◽  
◽  
Jakub Mondzelewski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Police Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Dna Databases ◽  
Dna Database ◽  
Small Collection ◽  
Dna Profiles

Forensic DNA databases that operate in the zone forming an interface between science and law have the purpose of gathering and processing DNA profiles for the needs of law enforcement and judicial authorities responsible for preventing and combating crime. Therefore, their appropriate functioning is important. On one hand, it improves efficiency of police work and, on the other hand, it has to play a required role in protecting citizen rights and personal data. The National DNA Database has functioned in Poland since 2007. Its effectiveness is correlated with the number of stored profiles. Despite small collection the Database has on numerous occasions proven its high usefulness in solving criminal cases. The possibility of carrying out searches in other countries databases, as well as legislative and organisational undertakings aiming at improvement of the Database operation are gradually bringing effects and result in an increased detective potential of this tool.

scholarly journals The Effects of DNA Databases on Crime

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Doleac
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Rigorous Analysis ◽  
Dna Databases ◽  
Dna Database ◽  
The Media ◽  
Aggregate Effects ◽  
Dna Profiles

Every US state has a database of criminal offenders' DNA profiles. These databases receive widespread attention in the media and popular culture, but there has been no rigorous analysis of their impact on crime. This paper intends to fill that gap. I exploit the details and timing of state DNA database expansions in two ways, first to address the effects of DNA profiling on individuals' subsequent criminal behavior and then to address the aggregate effects on crime rates. I show that DNA databases deter crime by profiled offenders, reduce crime rates, and are more cost-effective than traditional law enforcement tools. (JEL H76, K42)

Turning Base Hits into Earned Runs: Improving the Effectiveness of Forensic DNA Data Bank Programs

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick R. Bieber
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
The Public ◽  
Dna Database ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
Data Banks

Forensic data banks contain biological samples and DNA extracts as well as computerized databases of coded DNA profiles of convicted offenders, arrestees and crime scene samples. When used for investigative and law enforcement purposes, DNA data banks have been successful in providing key investigative leads in hundreds of criminal investigations. A number of these crimes would never have been resolved without use of such data banks. In addition, in some limited number of investigations, the exclusion of known suspects whose DNA profiles are known to be in an offender database can save valuable investigative time.Despite the above benefits, in hundreds of cases DNA samples are never collected and administrative and laboratory logjams delay prompt database searches. Furthermore, hundreds of DNA database matches (hits) languish, without any followup by law enforcement or prosecutors. These prevent or delay DNA matches and therefore can leave the public in grave risk of potential harm from recidivistic offenders who otherwise could have been apprehended and convicted if the process functioned more effectively.

Pedigrees and Perpetrators: Uses of DNA and Genealogy in Forensic Investigations

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 535-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara H. Katsanis
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genomic Databases ◽  
Dna Databases ◽  
Dna Evidence ◽  
Dna Database ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Polymorphism Data ◽  
Genome Comparisons

In the past few years, cases with DNA evidence that could not be solved with direct matches in DNA databases have benefited from comparing single-nucleotide polymorphism data with private and public genomic databases. Using a combination of genome comparisons and traditional genealogical research, investigators can triangulate distant relatives to the contributor of DNA data from a crime scene, ultimately identifying perpetrators of violent crimes. This approach has also been successful in identifying unknown deceased persons and perpetrators of lesser crimes. Such advances are bringing into focus ethical questions on how much access to DNA databases should be granted to law enforcement and how best to empower public genome contributors with control over their data. The necessary policies will take time to develop but can be informed by reflection on the familial searching policies developed for searches of the federal DNA database and considerations of the anonymity and privacy interests of civilians.

Beyond the Cold Hit: Measuring the Impact of the National DNA Data Bank on Public Safety at the City and County Level

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Gabriel ◽  
Cherisse Boland ◽  
Cydne Holt
Keyword(s):  
Public Safety ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
County Level ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Dna Database ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Criminalistics laboratories routinely provide cold hits in police investigations by comparing DNA profiles from crime scenes to offenders residing in the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS). Forensic DNA analysis is often glamorized in popular culture, where the perpetrators are identified and crimes solved within a single television episode. In reality forensic DNA hits can identify perpetrators of violent offenses, link multiple crimes committed by the same individual, or exclude suspects and exonerate the falsely accused. Unlike the media portrayals, downstream activities after a DNA identification or cold hit are often more complex. While the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) cites a national Data Bank of more than 7.2 million DNA profiles and 94,000 identifications nationwide, an in-depth analysis of public safety improvements made with CODIS is currently unavailable to forensic practitioners and public policy analysts. A review of case resolutions for 198 DNA database hits in San Francisco created performance metrics to provide a concrete measure of the effectiveness of DNA databasing efforts at the city and county level.

scholarly journals Forensic DNA Databases: International Experience and the Possibility of its Application in the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-183
Author(s):  
Andrei G. Semikhodskii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Dna Databases ◽  
The Russian Federation

Introduction. The article highlights a number of topical issues involving the federal database of genomic information of the Russian Federation. Despite the fact that the expert application of fo- rensic DNA analysis began in the late 80s/early 90s of the twentieth century, the legal basis for the use of DNA for crime investigation does not meet the requirements of today. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The study is based on a comparative analysis of the legal framework of forensic genetic databases of foreign countries, especially the United Kingdom and the United States, and the Russian Federation. Results. Based on the experience of countries where forensic DNA databases have been creat- ed and are effectively used, the general legislative principles of organizing such databases are discussed. Crimes warranting genetic registration and the procedural category of persons from whom DNA samples should be taken for the database purposes are considered as well as the length of the retention period and criteria for deleting genetic information. The issues of quali- ty control and ethical use of genetic information for solving crimes are discussed separately. In conclusion, the need for a legislative initiative that will allow law enforcement agencies to have a genomic information database as an effective tool for combating crime is proposed. Discussion and Conclusion. The paper emphasises a need for legislative initiatives that would allow law enforcement agencies to have a genomic database as an effective tool for combating crime.

scholarly journals Análise transdisciplinar do Banco Nacional de Perfis Genéticos: técnicas moleculares e aspectos jurídicos

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Samantha Lopes Monteiro ◽  
Ívna Soares de Oliveira ◽  
Tarcísio André Amorim de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Human Identification ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Forensic Investigation ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Dna Database

O uso de marcadores moleculares para a identificação humana é uma estratégia aplicada nas atividades forenses no Brasil. A criação de bancos de perfis genéticos é uma tendência mundial. É esperado que o uso de tais dados não somente facilite a investigação de casos criminais, mas também leve à redução da criminalidade. O presente artigo objetiva-se realizar uma análise transdisciplinar sobre o Banco Nacional de Perfis Genéticos (BNPG), abordando a funcionalidade dele, apresentando também as técnicas moleculares aplicadas, além de suscitar discussões jurídicas geradas com a implantação do banco de dados nacional. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica exploratória que foi elaborada a partir de uma pesquisa realizada em bases de dados bibliográficos como SciELO, PubMed e JusBrasil. A conscientização da funcionalidade potencial dessa ferramenta poderá despertar o interesse de mais especialistas de ambas as áreas, biológica e jurídica, para que possam aperfeiçoá-la e, futuramente, desenvolver outras aplicações.Palavras-Chave: Identificação Humana; DNA Forense; Banco de Dados; Ciências Forenses; Lei 12.654/12.            AbstractThe use of molecular markers for human identification is a strategy applied in forensic investigation in Brazil. The creation of DNA databases is a worldwide trend. It is expected that the use of such data will not only assist investigation of criminal cases, but also lead to reduced crime. The present article aims to carry out a transdisciplinary analysis about the Brazilian National Genetic Profile Database, addressing its functionality, presenting also applied molecular techniques, as well as raising legal discussions generated with the implementation of the national DNA database. It is an exploratory bibliographic review that was elaborated from a research carried out in bibliographic databases like SciELO, PubMed and JusBrasil. Awareness of the potential functionality of this tool may raise the interest of more specialists in both biological and legal areas so that they can improve it and promote it in the future.Keywords: Human Identification; Forensic DNA; Database; Forensic Science; Law 12.654/12.  

scholarly journals Is Obtaining an Arrestee's DNA a Valid Special Needs Search Under the Fourth Amendment? What Should (and Will) the Supreme Court Do?

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey Maclin
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
State Legislatures ◽  
Recidivism Rate ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Dna Database ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
Scientific Accuracy ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
Forensic Dna Testing

In the past twenty years, advances in forensic DNA technology have revolutionized the American criminal justice system. The use of forensic DNA testing in America began in 1987, and its demonstrated scientific accuracy quickly led jurisdictions to accept expert testimony regarding DNA matches between suspects and crime scene evidence. Wielding the power to exonerate the innocent and apprehend the guilty, the use of DNA identification technology has become an indispensable resource for prosecutors and law enforcement officials, as well as for defense lawyers representing persons falsely accused or wrongfully convicted of crimes they did not commit. As states began to compile DNA profiles from convicted offenders, the need for a repository for these profiles resulted in the DNA database.Originally, DNA databases included only “those classes of offenders with a high recidivism rate, such as sex offenders and violent felons.” Recognizing the crime-solving potential of this technology, state legislatures soon began to expand the scope of DNA database statutes to include broader classes of offenders.

scholarly journals Poland

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-103
Author(s):  
Nina Amelung ◽  
Rafaela Granja ◽  
Helena Machado
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
International Crime ◽  
The Other ◽  
Security Policies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Dna Database ◽  
Catch Up

Abstract Poland established its DNA database in 2007 and joined the Prüm system in 2013. In comparison to the other countries in the European Union, the Polish DNA database is small. The facilitation of international DNA data exchange was considered as fundamental to Poland’s project to technologically modernize, integrate into Europe and incorporate international crime control standards. Furthermore, the country has demonstrated openness to those new and emergent forensic DNA technologies that have been critically assessed and strictly regulated in other countries. Poland is among Prüm’s most proactive members and is a country ambitious to catch up with a circumscribed expansive mode of debordering. This proactivity is manifested in the range of bilateral data exchange connections Poland has made with other Member States and in the data categories it makes available. Poland’s commitment to expansive debordering dynamics goes hand in hand with the EU’s agenda of integrating security policies.

DNA Databases for Criminal Investigation

2015 ◽  
pp. 99-115
Author(s):  
Henrique Curado
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Criminal Investigation ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
Dna Databases ◽  
The Public ◽  
The One ◽  
Cyberspace Security

This chapter studies the establishment of DNA databases and their relevance at two levels. On the one hand, as a basis for criminal investigation, they contribute to the protection of the public against potentially criminal behavior. In our societies, mass violence is not a sporadic occurrence and knowledge. When DNA databases allow for preventive action, they may be synonymous with safety. On the other hand, DNA databases pose deeper problems, such as a felon's data are still personal data and as such need to be protected. Any violation of this right is against the law. Therefore, a society that wants to be lawfully protected must first protect. The study is focused on Spanish and Portuguese statutes enforced in 2007 and 2008, respectively, as well as on doctrine and jurisprudence produced in both countries and intended to strengthen cyberspace security and to guarantee access to information.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document