scholarly journals Prevalence of ocular surface disease in patients with glaucoma on topical medications

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Vijaya Pai ◽  
L Satya Hareesh Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Schirmer’S Test ◽  
Lissamine Green ◽  
Topical Medications

Aim: To compare the prevalence of ocular surface disease (OSD) in patients using antiglaucoma medications vs normal subjects. Design: Prospective observational study. Methods: A total of 94 patients with glaucoma on topical medications were included in the study group. Age- and gender-matched normal subjects (n = 94) formed the control group. They were assessed for OSD using ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, tear break-up time (TBUT), Lissamine green staining, and Schirmer’s test. Results: The prevalence of OSD was significantly more in the study group (72.4%) when compared to controls (44.6%) using the OSDI questionnaire. Schirmer’s test showed 84% patients had decreased tear production in the study group vs 53% in controls. TBUT was abnormal in 67.1% of the study group and of 47.8% controls. Lissamine green staining was positive in 36.2% of patients in the study group and 31.8% of controls. Conclusion: OSD was more common in patients using intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering drugs than in controls. Long-term therapy and multiple medications were associated with severe OSD.

scholarly journals Analysis of basal and reflex human tear osmolarity in normal subjects: assessment of tear osmolarity

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 251584141879488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. Abusharha ◽  
Tariq M. AlShehri ◽  
Abdullah Y. Hakami ◽  
Ali M. Alsaqr ◽  
Raied A. Fagehi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the difference between reflex and basal tear osmolarity among healthy normal subjects. Method: The right eyes of 20 healthy normal male subjects aged 20 to 40 years were recruited for this study. The inclusion criteria for the subjects were the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire score of less than 12 and wetting length of the phenol red thread of more than 10 mm. Tear film osmolarity was assessed using TearLab osmometer. Basic tear osmolarity was measured normally without inducing any irritation to the eye. In order to stimulate reflex tear, subjects were asked to open their eye as long as they can till they feel ocular surface irritation (minimum 20 s). Results: The mean score on the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire was 5.5 ± 3. The mean value obtained from the phenol red thread was 21 ± 4.5 mm. There were no statistically significant differences between the osmolarity readings of basal and reflex tear osmolarity ( p > 0.05). The mean value was 308 ± 12 and 306 ± 9 mOsm/l for basic and reflex tear osmolarity, respectively. Conclusion: This study found that the osmolarity of the basal and reflex tears fell within the same range. The values found in this study are in agreement with published results for normal subjects.

scholarly journals Assessment of Dry Eye Syndrome among Computer Programmers in Computer Training Institutes in Benin City

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Ayishetu Oshoke Shuaibu ◽  
Sarah Ikhuemose Ebuwa ◽  
Abimbola Esther Ikuemonisan Ikuemonisan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Computer Training ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Schirmer’S Test ◽  
Break Up

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate dry eye syndrome among computer programmers in computer training institutes in Benin City.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out using 250 participants of 18 years and above who were computer instructors and students of various computer training institutes in Benin City. Sociodemographic data and relevant ocular history were obtained from the participants. External and Internal examinations of the eyes were carried out to check for the presence of any ocular abnormalities. Dryeye disease was assessed subjectively with the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and objectively by performing  Schirmer’s test and Tear Break-up Time (TBUT). Participants with an OSDI score of ≥35 and who had < 10mm to Schirmer’s I test or < 10secs in Tear break-up Time (TBUT) test were considered to have dry eye.Results: The mean age of the participants was 25.32 ± 7.38 years and 68% were males. The prevalence of dry eye among the computer programmers was found to be 30.8%. Mean TBUT and Mean Schirmer’s Test value for those with dry eye was 10.21s±3.44s and 12.46 ± 7.27mm respectively. This study showed that age (p=0.213), gender (p=0.243) and duration of time spent on computer display units (p=0.124) were not statistically significant determinants of dry eye among the computer programmers.Conclusion: Computer programmers are predisposed to developing dry eye diseases. It is therefore imperative for them to go for regular eye examination to prevent ocular surface disorders and therefore maintain comfortable vision. Keywords: Dry Eye, Schirmer Test, Tear Break-up Time, Ocular Surface Disease Index, Computer Programmer.

scholarly journals Modified ocular surface disease index as a screening criteria for dry eye syndrome presenting after successful dacryocystorhinostomy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247168
Author(s):  
Tae Seen Kang ◽  
Jin Cho ◽  
Jaeyoung Kim ◽  
Jae Yun Sung ◽  
Ju Mi Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Screening Criteria

Objective To find preoperative screening criteria for dry eye syndrome (DES) that present after successful endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EDCR). Methods We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 110 patients who underwent EDCR for nasolacrimal duct obstruction. DES diagnostic criteria were defined as tear break-up time (TBUT) less than 10 seconds, and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score greater than 13 points. After EDCR, patients were divided into DES group and control group according to the DES diagnostic criteria. Preoperative OSDI score alone or in combination of preoperative TBUT and OSDI score were used to find screening criteria, which could discriminate the two groups preoperatively with a high positive predictive value (PPV). Criteria A was set same as the diagnostic criteria of DES, and Criteria B and C were set to improve PPV by increasing specificity while maintaining similar sensitivity to Criteria A. Results Thirty patients (27.3%) were diagnosed with DES after EDCR, while 80 patients (72.7%) were normal. In patients with DES, preoperative TBUT was not different (p = 0.851), but OSDI score was significantly higher (p<0.001). Criteria A showed a sensitivity of 73.3%, specificity of 55.0%, and PPV of 38.0%. Criteria B and C excluded preoperative TBUT, which had no difference between the two groups, and set screening criteria with preoperative OSDI score alone. Criteria B (preoperative OSDI score of 19.6 points or more) showed a sensitivity of 75.0%, specificity of 60.6%, PPV of 41.7% and AUC of 0.739 (p < 0.001). Criteria C was consisted of 5 out of 12 OSDI items that showed significant differences between the two groups; blurred vision, reading, working with a computer, low humidity, and air conditioning. Criteria C (preoperative 5-item OSDI score of 24.4 points or more) was a better predictability, with a sensitivity of 75.0%, specificity of 71.3%, PPV of 49.5%, and AUC of 0.804 (p < 0.001). The AUC of Criteria C was significantly higher than that of Criteria B (p = 0.0037). Conclusion DES occurred after successful EDCR in 27.3% of patients, and an OSDI questionnaire helped to screen DES. The predictability could improve using the modified OSDI score which showed noticeable difference in five OSDI items before and after EDCR.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tear Film Osmolarity Among Diabetic Patients Using a TearLab Osmometer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALI ABUSHARHA ◽  
Ali Alsagr ◽  
Mohammad Alobaid ◽  
Ali Almayouf ◽  
Sulaiman Alajlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Ocular Discomfort

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to determine the effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus on tear osmolarity using a TearLab Osmolarity system. Moreover, the relationship between tear film osmolarity and ocular surface discomfort in controlled and uncontrolled diabetic patients was assessed.Patients and Methods: This study included 40 male type 2 diabetic patients aged 20 to 70 years (mean + SD 49±12). A control group (18–43 years; 32.2 ± 6.5 years) consisting of 40 male subjects was also enrolled for comparison. The tear osmolarity was measured using the TearLab Osmolarity System. The ocular surface disease index questionnaire (OSDI) was used to assess ocular discomfort symptoms.Results: The mean tear osmolarity was 297 + 8.00 and 296 + 11 mOsm/L for controlled and uncontrolled diabetic subjects, respectively. While the average osmolarity in the control group was 299 + 8.00 mOsm/L. No significant differences were detected in tear osmolarity between the control and diabetes groups. The ocular surface disease index questionnaire (OSDI) score was significantly higher in the diabetic patient group. No significant correlation was found between tear osmolarity and OSDI scores.Conclusion: The ocular discomfort symptoms score in diabetic patients was significantly higher compared to normal eye subjects. Tear osmolarity was not significantly different in diabetic patients. This finding may be explained by a lack of relationship between tear film parameters and diabetic severity; tear film parameters may correlate more with diabetic duration rather than severity. Therefore, studies focused on diabetes duration and tear film parameters are recommended.

scholarly journals Ocular Signs and Ocular Comorbidities in Monoclonal Gammopathy: Analysis of 80 Subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kitti Kormányos ◽  
Klaudia Kovács ◽  
Orsolya Németh ◽  
Gábor Tóth ◽  
Gábor László Sándor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Monoclonal Gammopathy ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hematological Disease ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Smoldering Myeloma ◽  
Ocular Signs

Purpose. To examine the ocular signs of monoclonal gammopathy and to evaluate ocular comorbidities in subjects with monoclonal gammopathy. Patients and Methods. We analyzed patients from two large referral hematology centers in Budapest, diagnosed and/or treated with monoclonal gammopathy between 1997 and 2020. As a control group, randomly selected individuals of the same age group, without hematological disease, have been included. There were 160 eyes of 80 patients (38.75% males; age 67.61 ± 10.48 (range: 38–85) years) with monoclonal gammopathy and 86 eyes of 43 control subjects (32.56% males; age 62.44 ± 11.89 (range 37–86) years). The hematological diagnosis was MGUS in 9 (11.25%), multiple myeloma in 61 (76.25%), smoldering myeloma in 6 (7.50%), and amyloidosis or Waldenström macroglobulinemia in 2 cases (2.50%–2.50%). Before detailed ophthalmic examination with fundoscopy, 42 subjects with gammopathy (52.50%) and all controls filled the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. Results. The OSDI score and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were significantly worse in subjects with monoclonal gammopathy than in controls ( p = 0.02 ; p = 0.0005 ). Among gammopathy subjects, we observed potential corneal immunoglobulin deposition in 6 eyes of 4 (3.75%) patients. Ocular surface disease ( p = 0.0001 ), posterior cortical cataract ( p = 0.01 ), and cataract ( p = 0.0001 ) were significantly more common among gammopathy subjects than in controls (χ2 test). Conclusions. Ocular surface disease and cataract are more common, and BCVA is worse in patients with monoclonal gammopathy than in age-matched controls. Therefore, and due to the potential ocular signs and comorbidities of monoclonal gammopathy, we suggest a regular, yearly ophthalmic checkup of these patients to improve their quality of life.

scholarly journals Comparison of Clinical Use of Ocular-surface Disease Index Questionnaire, Tear Film Break-up time, and Schirmer Tests in Diagnosing Dry-eye

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Suwarna Suman ◽  
Prachi Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Schirmer’S Test ◽  
The Mean

Aims:  To evaluate and compare the diagnostic values and clinical utility of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, the tear film break-up time test (TBUT), and the Schirmer’s test in diagnosing dry eye disease in patients presenting with dry eye symptoms. Study Design: A prospective observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, AIIMS Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. Two-month period between July 2016 and September 2016. Methodology: We have included 100 patients aged >20 years having foreign body sensations, burning sensations, pain, dryness, blurred vision, photophobia, redness in the study. Routine ophthalmological examination was performed after OSDI questionnaire, followed by TBUT and Schirmer’s test and outcomes were evaluated. Results: The mean age of 100 participants was 43 ± 15.97years (range 20–78 years). The mean OSDI, TBUT, and Schirmer’s test scores were 58.67± 12.12 (range 30.0–88.9), 5.77 ± 3.49 seconds (range 0–17 seconds), and 09.78 ± 7.93 mm (range 0–32.5 mm), respectively. There was a statistically highly significant inverse correlation between the OSDI and TBUT (r = −0.597, P = <0.0001), statistically significant correlation between TBUT and Schirmer test (r= -0.227, p= 0.023), whereas no significant correlation noted between the OSDI and Schirmer’s test (r= -0.142, p= 0.158).  Conclusion: The prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) is increasing these days. For early recognition and treatment, we need rapid, reliable and less invasive diagnostic test in daily practice. The OSDI together with the TBUT is less time consuming, easy to perform and can be useful in diagnosis of DED.

scholarly journals Changes in Ocular Surface Disease Evaluated after Nonpenetrating Deep Sclerectomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlota Fuente-García ◽  
Francisco José Muñoz-Negrete ◽  
Elisabet de Dompablo-Ventura ◽  
Javier Moreno-Montañés ◽  
Gema Rebolleda
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deep Sclerectomy ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Group A ◽  
Tear Meniscus Height

Abstract Objective: To analyse the ocular surface changes in eyes after the withdraw of anti-glaucomatous drugs when non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) is performed.Methods: 31 patients (33 eyes) diagnosed of glaucoma that underwent NPDS, were included in this prospective study. Control group included 33 eyes of 33 age and sex-matched volunteers. Five variables were studied with Keratograph 5M (K5M): ocular hyperaemia (OH), non-invasive tear film break-up time (NI-BUT), lower tear meniscus height (LTMH) and meibography. LTMH was also measured using the anterior segment module of Spectralis Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (FD-OCT). Also, an evaluation of corneal and conjunctival staining was performed.In addition, patients were asked to answer two questionnaires: Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) before and 6-months after surgery.Results: Before NPDS, treated eyes, showed worse objective data than healthy controls (p ≤0.049). In this group, a significant improvement was observed in the questionnaires (p< 0.001), LTMH FD-OCT (p=0.037) and LTMH K5M (p=0.025), K5M OH (p=0.003), NI-BUT (=0.022) and conjunctival and corneal staining (p<0.001). No significant differences were observed between groups in FD-OCT and K5M LTMH, NI-BUT, corneal-conjunctival staining and in the most OH sector values at 6 months(p ≥0.62).Conclusion: A significant improvement in the ocular surface was observed 6 months after NPDS, suggesting that the withdrawn of the topical anti-glaucomatous treatment has a beneficial effect.

Evaluation of Ocular Surface Disease Associated with Glaucoma Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Nilay Yuksel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Subjective Test ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Topical Medications

The relationship between glaucoma medications and ocular surface disease (OSD) has been investigated for a long time by ophthalmologists. It has been well known that all preservatives used in topical medications have the potential to cause corneal and conjunctival changes, including dry eye. It is important to also consider the toxicity of the active ingredients. Objective tests for evaluating OSD are the Schirmer Test, Tear Break Up Time (TBUT), Fluorescein Clearance Test (FCT), impression cytology, confocal microscopy – the most common subjective test is Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). Adverse effects associated with topical medication may have a negative effect on patient adherence to medical treatment, the patient’s life quality and the doctor–patient relationship. A favourable adherence to treatment will lead to more effective intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering and resultant decrease of glaucomatous vision loss.

scholarly journals Oral Hyaluronic Acid Supplementation for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Yeseul Kim ◽  
Chan Hee Moon ◽  
Bo-Yeon Kim ◽  
Sun Young Jang
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Schirmer Test ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index

Purpose. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of oral hyaluronic acid (HA) in patients with dry eye disease (DED). Study Design. Prospective randomized controlled trial. Methods. This trial enrolled 54 subjects and they were randomized into the study or control group. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) >18 years of age; (2) distance best-corrected visual acuity ≥ 20/40 Snellen equivalent in each eye; (3) IOP ≤ 21 mmHg in both eyes; (4) ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score of ≥18 and <65; (5) <10 seconds of tear break up time (TBUT); (6) >5 corneal spots of corneal fluorescein staining (CFS); and (7) ≤ 10 mm/5 min of the Schirmer test. All subjects were treated with a topical HA, and the study group was supplemented with oral HA. OSDI, TBUT, CFS, and the Schirmer test were evaluated for ocular surface parameters. Results. 24 patients were assigned in the study group. Significant improvement of OSDI, TBUT, and CFS was observed at 1 month and 3 months after oral HA administration in the study group. At baseline and follow-up at 1 and 3 months, OSDI scores were 61.8 ± 16.2, 47.3 ± 11.6, and 42.3 ± 9.1, respectively (P<0.001). TBUT was improved after treatment for 1 month and 3 months (4.2 ± 1.1; P=0.005 and 4.7 ± 1.1; P<0.012). There were also statistically significant improvements in the CSF (1.8 ± 1.0, 0.8 ± 0.7; P<0.001) at baseline compared with those at 1 month. Conclusions. A combined supplement of both oral and topical HA more efficiently improves corneal epithelial wound healing and related symptoms than topical HA alone, in DED.

Ocular surface alterations and in vivo confocal microscopic characteristics of corneas in patients with myasthenia gravis

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-546
Author(s):  
Kadriye Erkan Turan ◽  
Sibel Kocabeyoglu ◽  
Can Ebru Bekircan-Kurt ◽  
Figen Bezci ◽  
Sevim Erdem-Ozdamar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Corneal Sensitivity ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Lissamine Green ◽  
Schirmer I Test

Purpose: To evaluate ocular surface alterations and characteristics of corneal basal epithelium and subbasal nerves in patients with myasthenia gravis. Materials and methods: Myasthenia gravis patients (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 20) were enrolled. All participants underwent ocular surface testing in the following order: tear break-up time, lissamine green staining, Schirmer I test with anesthesia, and Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire. The Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer was used to measure corneal sensitivity. Basal epithelial cells and subbasal nerves were evaluated using in vivo confocal microscopy. Results: Myasthenia gravis patients had higher Ocular Surface Disease Index score (13.9 ± 15.0 vs 1.4 ± 2.2, p < 0.001) and lissamine green staining score (0.6 ± 0.4 vs 0.2 ± 0.4, p = 0.007). Break-up time score (9.3 ± 3.0 vs 9.9 ± 1.9, p = 0.481) and Schirmer I test score (16.5 ± 9.2 vs 19.3 ± 8.4, p = 0.323) did not differ significantly. Corneal sensation was 0.4 g/mm2 in all eyes. Patients with myasthenia gravis had lower basal epithelial cell density (3775.7 ± 938.1 vs 4983.1 ± 608.5, p < 0.001) and total nerve density (1956.1 ± 373.3 vs 2277.9 ± 405.0, p = 0.012) and higher subbasal nerve tortuosity (1.9 ± 0.8 vs 1.6 ± 0.7, p = 0.007) than controls. A significant increase in Ocular Surface Disease Index scores was found with decreasing basal epithelial cell density (rho = −0.518, p = 0.001). There was a significantly moderate negative correlation between the duration of myasthenia gravis and the number of corneal nerves (rho = −0.497, p = 0.022). Conclusion: Significant alterations of basal epithelial cells and subbasal nerves were demonstrated in myasthenia gravis patients although there was no difference of corneal sensitivity between myasthenia gravis patients and healthy controls. Thus, it should be borne in mind that myasthenia gravis patients deserve further evaluation with regard to ocular surface disease.

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