scholarly journals Comparative study of ocular manifestations of HIV infection at a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-267
Author(s):  
Sanjeevani Ambekar ◽  
Dhiraj Badale ◽  
Dileep Kadam ◽  
Sonali Salvi
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus ◽  
Cmv Retinitis ◽  
Ocular Manifestations

Purpose: We conducted the study to observe the change in infection patterns with the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and correlation of CD4 count with various ocular manifestations of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Design: This was a prospective observational cohort study. Methods: The study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching institute with established antiretroviral therapy (ART) centre. A total of 240 eyes of 120 ART-naive patients were enrolled. Ocular manifestations of these patients were observed and followed up for six months for any change with HAART. Results: Out of 240 eyes, 24 showed ocular involvement (10%), of which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) microangiopathy and molluscum contagiosum were most common. Out of the four cases of HIV microangiopathy, two cases demonstrated complete resolution after six months of ART. Only one of three cases of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis showed healing after six months of ART. Conclusions: Vision-threatening CMV retinitis and herpes zoster ophthalmicus can improve if specific treatment is initiated promptly. There is direct correlation between CD4 count, ocular manifestation, and prognosis of the patients; 33.33% of patients showed improvement in ophthalmic manifestations after HAART during a follow-up period of 6 months.

scholarly journals Hemoglobin and CD4 count in HIV patients initiating antiretroviral therapy at a tertiary care hospital in Goa

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Chitralekha A. Nayak ◽  
Rachita G. Velho ◽  
Savita Pinto S. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: Hematological abnormalities are known to be independent predictors of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. The current study was conducted to evaluate the hemoglobin levels and CD4 count at the time of initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients attending ART centre at Goa Medical College.Methods: A hospital based observational retrospective study was carried out in Department of Medicine of Goa Medical College in collaboration with ART centre from October 2015 to January 2016. Patient’s relevant data about the infection was collected from patient’s treatment record card at the ART centre using preformed questionnaire.Results: The prevalence of anaemia in study participants was 66.35%. The prevalence of severe anaemia and mild-moderate anaemia was 9% and 57.3% respectively, while 33.65% of participants were not anaemic. Significant difference was observed in the prevalence of anaemia among immune deficient male participants (CD4 count <500 cells/mm3) and participants with no significant immune deficiency (CD4 count ≥500 cells /mm3) (77.5% versus 50%). Significant difference was also seen in the prevalence of anaemia among immune deficient female participants (CD4 count <500 cells/mm3) and participants with no significant immune deficiency (CD4 count ≥500 cells /mm3) (93.5% versus 56%).Conclusions: The current study revealed high prevalence of anemia in HIV patients prior to the initiation of ART in both males as well as females. Mild to moderate anemia was predominant in the study participants than severe anemia. There was significant difference observed in the prevalence of anemia among immune deficient population and participants with normal CD4 count. Prompt diagnosis of anaemia, identification of the underlying cause of anaemia in HIV patients as well as the implementation of appropriate treatment is essential.

scholarly journals Ophthalmic Manifestations of HIV Patients in a Rural Area of Western Maharashtra, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratik Y. Gogri ◽  
Somen L. Misra ◽  
Raghunandan N. Kothari ◽  
Akshay J. Bhandari ◽  
Hitesh V. Gidwani
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Anterior Uveitis ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cmv Retinitis ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction. HIV/AIDS is one of twenty first century’s biggest global challenges to mankind with protean manifestations affecting all organs of our body, not even sparing the eyes. The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of ocular manifestations of HIV/AIDS and their correlation with CD4-count in a rural area of India. Methods. A hospital based observational cross-sectional study was done on 40 HIV-positive patients presenting to ART center with ocular complaints. Data were collected using face-to-face interview, clinical examination, slit lamp examination, fundus examination, and laboratory investigations. Results. Out of 40 patients, 21 were males and 19 were females with mean age of 38.75 ± 13.9 years. HIV retinopathy was the most common HIV-associated ophthalmic lesion while anterior uveitis was the most common anterior segment finding. Posterior segment lesions showed significant association (P<0.05) with low CD4-count of the patient. CMV retinitis, retinal detachment, tubercular chorioretinitis, and acute retinal necrosis were all seen in patients with CD4-count less than 100 cells/mm3. Conclusions. HIV retinopathy, CMV retinitis, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, and anterior uveitis are common ocular manifestations associated with HIV infection. Low CD4-count is a risk as well as predictor for ocular manifestations. There needs to be awareness of ocular involvement among HIV infected individuals and an increased emphasis on regular ophthalmic examination.

scholarly journals Clinical and immunological responses of zidovudine lamivudine-nevirapine versus tenofovir lamivudine-efavirenz antiretroviral treatment among HIV-1 infected adults: Gandhi Hospital, Telangana, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2177
Author(s):  
Deepak Pandharpurkar ◽  
Gudikandula Krishna ◽  
P. Mallikarjun
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Highly Active

Background: HAART (Highly active antiretroviral therapy) is the cornerstone of management of patients with HIV infection. Antiretroviral therapy was started in the year 1986 with the first drug Zidovudine (ZDV). Later on, other antiretroviral drugs (NRTIs, NNRTIs and Pls) were introduced. Dual and mono therapies were used initially but the problem of resistance emerged. Currently, 3 or more ARV drugs are recommended globally for the treatment of people with HIV infection.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at a tertiary care Hospital over 200 patients, two commonly used medications are ZLN (Zidovudine+Lamivudine+Nevirapine) and TLE (Tenofovir+Lamivudine+Efavirenz ). The factors considered to affect the clinical and immunologic outcomes in both groups were assessed using baseline CD4 count, WHO clinical staging, presence of chronic diarrhea, anemia, and baseline weight, occurrence of TB, and switching of ART regimen.Results: A total of 200 patients were included in the study. ART documents of 100 patients are on Zidovudine+Lamivudine+Nevirapine) and 100 patients are on TLE (Tenofovir+Lamivudine+Efavirenz) regimen. Out of 200 patients, 97 were males and 103 were females. Maximum number of subjects were in the age of 15-45 years (82.5%) followed by 45 and above (17.5%). Mean age was 34.5±2.5 (years) with range 15 to 65 years. The baseline CD4 count of the patients, 94 were <350 and 6 were ≥350 on ZLN, in case of TLE 82 were <350 and 18 were ≥350. CD4 count after 6 months in 200 patients as follows, 60 were <350 and 40 were ≥350 in case of TLE 53 were <350 and 47 were ≥350.Conclusions: This research finding concluded that there is no critical difference between the two medications in regards to serious adverse events but did find that TDF is superior to AZT in terms of immunologic response and adherence and more frequent emergence of resistance.

scholarly journals Ocular manifestations in HIV/AIDS cases in Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Lamichhane ◽  
DN Shah ◽  
S Sharma ◽  
M Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Anterior Uveitis ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus ◽  
Cmv Retinitis ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Keywords Hiv ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: A significant number of patients with HIV/AIDS can have ocular manifestations. Almost every structure in the eyes can be affected in this condition. Objective: To study various ocular manifestations in the cases known to be infected with HIV. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out including 117 subjects positive for HIV using the purposive sampling method. Their demographic pattern and ocular findings were studied. Findings were recorded in the pro forma developed for the study. Statistics: SPSS ver 14.0 was used for data analysis. The p value of <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: A total of 117 HIV infected cases were included in this study. Among them, 76 (64.95 %) were male and 41 (35.05 %) female. The mean age of the subjects was 30.04 ± 11.32 years. The duration of HIV detection ranged from 1-5 years. Ocular complaints were present in 26.49 % of the subjects. Ocular manifestations were present in 56 % of the patients with complaints and in 27.3 % of asymptomatic patients. Ocular involvement was seen in 55 (47 %) patients. The common anterior segment findings were herpes zoster ophthalmicus (4.27 %), anterior uveitis (2.56 %), blepharitis (2.56 %) and conjunctivitis (1.7 %), whereas HIV retinopathy (19.6 %), CMV retinitis (5.1 %), ocular toxoplasmosis (2.5 %) and presumed ocular tuberculosis (0.85 %) were common posterior segment findings. Conclusion: Herpes zoster ophthalmicus, anterior uveitis, HIV retinopathy and CMV retinitis are common ocular manifestations associated with HIV infections. Keywords: HIV/AIDS; anterior and posterior segments; ocular involvement DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v2i1.3704 Nep J Oph 2010;2(1) 45-50

scholarly journals Disease progression and antiretroviral therapy in newly seropositive HIV subjects in a tertiary care hospital in North India

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjim Chadha ◽  
Preena Bhalla ◽  
Arun Kumar Jha ◽  
Hitender Gautam ◽  
Sanjeev Saini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
North India ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Introduction: In developing countries the standard methods used to monitor HIV disease progression and therapy response are clinical assessment, CD4+ T lymphocyte count measurement, and plasma viral load (PVL) quantification. These tests require expensive equipment and skilled technicians, so monitoring HIV in resource-limited countries remains challenging as few laboratories can offer these tests free of cost. Methodology: Newly diagnosed HIV seropositive subjects (n = 130) were categorized into three study groups: CD4 counts <200 cells/µl (group A, 43 subjects); 200-500 cells/µl (group B, 44 subjects); and >500 cells/µl (group C, 43 subjects). At recruitment, PVL estimation was performed for group A subjects only, who were then initiated on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and were followed up after six months for evaluation of response to HAART by measuring the CD4 counts and PVL. Groups B and C were followed up after six months to monitor disease progression by measuring only CD4 counts. Results: Among group A subjects, a rise in the median CD4 counts after six months of HAART was observed. At baseline, PVL ranged from 2636 to >750,000 copies/ml with a median PVL at baseline of 165,000 copies/ml. At follow-up, 90% of the study subjects had undetectable levels of viraemia. Among group B and C subjects, a fall in the CD4 counts at follow-up was observed. Conclusions: CD4 count is a powerful tool to determine response to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and monitor disease progression in HIV/AIDS. PVL is important to assess response to ART, especially in immunovirologic discordant responses.

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