scholarly journals Ophthalmic Manifestations of HIV Patients in a Rural Area of Western Maharashtra, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratik Y. Gogri ◽  
Somen L. Misra ◽  
Raghunandan N. Kothari ◽  
Akshay J. Bhandari ◽  
Hitesh V. Gidwani
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Anterior Uveitis ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cmv Retinitis ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction. HIV/AIDS is one of twenty first century’s biggest global challenges to mankind with protean manifestations affecting all organs of our body, not even sparing the eyes. The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of ocular manifestations of HIV/AIDS and their correlation with CD4-count in a rural area of India. Methods. A hospital based observational cross-sectional study was done on 40 HIV-positive patients presenting to ART center with ocular complaints. Data were collected using face-to-face interview, clinical examination, slit lamp examination, fundus examination, and laboratory investigations. Results. Out of 40 patients, 21 were males and 19 were females with mean age of 38.75 ± 13.9 years. HIV retinopathy was the most common HIV-associated ophthalmic lesion while anterior uveitis was the most common anterior segment finding. Posterior segment lesions showed significant association (P<0.05) with low CD4-count of the patient. CMV retinitis, retinal detachment, tubercular chorioretinitis, and acute retinal necrosis were all seen in patients with CD4-count less than 100 cells/mm3. Conclusions. HIV retinopathy, CMV retinitis, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, and anterior uveitis are common ocular manifestations associated with HIV infection. Low CD4-count is a risk as well as predictor for ocular manifestations. There needs to be awareness of ocular involvement among HIV infected individuals and an increased emphasis on regular ophthalmic examination.

scholarly journals Ocular manifestations in HIV/AIDS cases in Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Lamichhane ◽  
DN Shah ◽  
S Sharma ◽  
M Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Anterior Uveitis ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus ◽  
Cmv Retinitis ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Keywords Hiv ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: A significant number of patients with HIV/AIDS can have ocular manifestations. Almost every structure in the eyes can be affected in this condition. Objective: To study various ocular manifestations in the cases known to be infected with HIV. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out including 117 subjects positive for HIV using the purposive sampling method. Their demographic pattern and ocular findings were studied. Findings were recorded in the pro forma developed for the study. Statistics: SPSS ver 14.0 was used for data analysis. The p value of <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: A total of 117 HIV infected cases were included in this study. Among them, 76 (64.95 %) were male and 41 (35.05 %) female. The mean age of the subjects was 30.04 ± 11.32 years. The duration of HIV detection ranged from 1-5 years. Ocular complaints were present in 26.49 % of the subjects. Ocular manifestations were present in 56 % of the patients with complaints and in 27.3 % of asymptomatic patients. Ocular involvement was seen in 55 (47 %) patients. The common anterior segment findings were herpes zoster ophthalmicus (4.27 %), anterior uveitis (2.56 %), blepharitis (2.56 %) and conjunctivitis (1.7 %), whereas HIV retinopathy (19.6 %), CMV retinitis (5.1 %), ocular toxoplasmosis (2.5 %) and presumed ocular tuberculosis (0.85 %) were common posterior segment findings. Conclusion: Herpes zoster ophthalmicus, anterior uveitis, HIV retinopathy and CMV retinitis are common ocular manifestations associated with HIV infections. Keywords: HIV/AIDS; anterior and posterior segments; ocular involvement DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v2i1.3704 Nep J Oph 2010;2(1) 45-50

scholarly journals Comparative study of ocular manifestations of HIV infection at a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-267
Author(s):  
Sanjeevani Ambekar ◽  
Dhiraj Badale ◽  
Dileep Kadam ◽  
Sonali Salvi
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus ◽  
Cmv Retinitis ◽  
Ocular Manifestations

Purpose: We conducted the study to observe the change in infection patterns with the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and correlation of CD4 count with various ocular manifestations of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Design: This was a prospective observational cohort study. Methods: The study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching institute with established antiretroviral therapy (ART) centre. A total of 240 eyes of 120 ART-naive patients were enrolled. Ocular manifestations of these patients were observed and followed up for six months for any change with HAART. Results: Out of 240 eyes, 24 showed ocular involvement (10%), of which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) microangiopathy and molluscum contagiosum were most common. Out of the four cases of HIV microangiopathy, two cases demonstrated complete resolution after six months of ART. Only one of three cases of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis showed healing after six months of ART. Conclusions: Vision-threatening CMV retinitis and herpes zoster ophthalmicus can improve if specific treatment is initiated promptly. There is direct correlation between CD4 count, ocular manifestation, and prognosis of the patients; 33.33% of patients showed improvement in ophthalmic manifestations after HAART during a follow-up period of 6 months.

scholarly journals Ocular manifestations in Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
LR Puri ◽  
GB Shrestha ◽  
DN Shah ◽  
M Chaudhary ◽  
A Thakar
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Post Herpetic Neuralgia ◽  
Visual Disability ◽  
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Visual Status ◽  
The Mean

Background: Ocular complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) may lead to substantial visual disability, severe post-herpetic neuralgia and rarely fatal cerebral complications. Aim: To identify the pattern of ocular manifestation in herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was under taken including the clinically diagnosed cases of HZO. All of them underwent a complete ophthalmological evaluation. Results: Sixty-eight cases of HZO were examined, of which 37 (54.4 %) were male and 31 (45.6%) female. The mean age was 48.7 ± 18.5 years. Most of the patients (64.7 %) were above the age of 40 years. 77.94 % of the patients had some form of ocular involvement. Pain (77.9 %) was the commonest ocular complaint. In young patients less than 35 years, HIV was the most common risk factor (19.3 %).Visual status was good in the majority (73.5 %) of patients at presentation. Lid and adnexal findings (45.8 %) were most common ocular involvement followed by conjunctivitis (41.1 %). Corneal complication was seen in 38.2 % of cases, uveitis in 19.1 % and post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) and secondary glaucoma each in 5.8 %. Conclusion: Eyelid and ocular adnexal involvement is most commonly found in patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus followed by corneal complication and uveitis. There needs to be awareness of ocular involvement, which can be sight threatening, among the HZO patients and other medical departments and an increased emphasis on regular ophthalmic examination. Key words: herpes virus, herpes zoster, conjunctivitis, keratitis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v3i2.5271 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2011; 3(2): 165-171

scholarly journals Suicidal ideation, psychopathology and associated factors among HIV-infected adults in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youdiil Ophinni ◽  
Adrian ◽  
Kristiana Siste ◽  
Martina Wiwie ◽  
Gina Anindyajati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Suicidal behavior is a prevalent psychiatric emergency in HIV-infected adults. Detection of suicidal ideation is important in planning early psychiatric intervention and optimizing HIV/AIDS management. Characterization of suicidal ideation among HIV-infected adults is crucial; however, practically there is no data in Indonesia, the country with the second largest burden of HIV/AIDS epidemic in Asia. This study aims to identify suicidal ideation and analyze the associated psychopathology and determining factors among HIV-infected adults in Indonesia. Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-infected adults aged 18–65 years old receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Measurement using Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) was performed to assess the existing psychopathology. Firth’s penalized logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with suicidal ideation. Results A total of 86 subjects were recruited. Most subjects were male (65.1%), median age was 35 years, and median latest CD4 count was 463 cells/μl. Lifetime suicidal ideation was identified in 20 subjects (23.3%). Mean SCL-90 T-score for depressive and anxiety symptoms were both significantly higher among subjects with suicidal ideation (M = 60.75, SD = 12.0, p = 0.000 and M = 57.9, SD = 2.8, p = 0.001, respectively) compared to those without. Bivariate analyses showed that lifetime suicidal ideation was associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms, non-marital status, CD4 count < 500 cells/μl, and efavirenz use. Multivariate analysis identified that a single-point increase in SCL-90 depression symptoms score (AOR 1.16, 95% CI 4.5–123.6, p = 0.000) and efavirenz use (AOR 5.00, 95% CI 1.02–24.6, p = 0.048) were significant independent factors related to suicidal ideation. Conclusion Suicidal ideation is commonly found among Indonesian HIV-infected adults on ART. Depressive symptoms and efavirenz use are independent factors related to the presence of suicidal ideation. Thus, early screening of psychopathology as well as substitution of efavirenz with other ART regiment are recommended to prevent suicide and improve HIV/AIDS management outcome.

scholarly journals Undernutrition and associated factors among adult HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in eastern zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsegu Hailu Gebru ◽  
Haftea Hagos Mekonen ◽  
Kbrom Gemechu Kiros
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Zone ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Undernutrition and HIV/AIDS are highly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, Ethiopia inclusive as linked in a vicious cycle. Thus, several studies have documented that undernutrition among HIV/AIDS patients increases the risk of mortality, decrease survival rates, affect the overall clinical outcome and quality of life. Despite this fact, information about the burden of undernutrition and associated factors among adults receiving antiretroviral therapy is lacking in the particular study area. Hence, this study aimed to examine the prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors among adult HIV/AIADS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy patients in Eastern Zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional research design was adopted in data collection while systematic sampling technique was employed to sample and select the study subjects. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information from 394 study subjects through face to face method. Also, data on demographics, laboratory and anthropometric variables were collected from each selected patients sampled. The data collected were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 22.. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis with 95% confidence interval were used to find factors associated with undernutrition. The adjusted odds ratio was calculated to show the strength of the association. Variables with p-value of < 0.05 were considered statically significant. Results The mean age of the respondents was 41 (± 10). Out of 394 study respondents, about 42.9% of them were undernourished (95% CI: 37.8–47.7). Respondents who had CD4+ count less than 200 cells/μl (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1–3.36), being advanced clinical staging (AOR = 3.6; 95% CI: 2.11–6.18), and not taking co-trimoxazole preventive therapy (AOR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.21–4.6) were independently associated with undernutrition. Conclusion The result of this study indicated that the prevalence of undernutrition was high. Respondents with advanced clinical stage of CD4+ count less than 200 cells/ul and those that were not taking co-trimoxazole preventive therapy was found to be positively associated with undernutrition. Therefore, the implementation of nutritional programs is very crucial to improve the nutritional status of HIV/AIDS patients in the particular study.

Uveitis associated with Immunodeficiency and Drugs; Clinical Findings, Diagnosis, and Treatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 277-283
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Uveitis ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Immune Recovery ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Cmv Retinitis ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Highly Active

Immüne recovery uveitis (IRU) is the most common form of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis who are receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) therapy. In patients with CMV retinitis in the HAART era, immune recovery may be associated with a greater number of inflammatory complications, including vitritis, macular edema, epiretinal membrane formation, papillitis, and iris synechiae. Given the range of ocular manifestations of HIV, routine ocular examinations and screening carefully for visual loss are recommended in patients with CD4 counts <50 cells/μL. With the increasing longevity of these patients due to the use of HAART, treatment of IRU may become an issue in the future. Uveitis has been associated with a number of systemic, intravitreal, and topical medications, and may also occur after vaccination and the use of other substances. However, drug-induced uveitis is a relatively rare event. Only a few drugs have been proven to cause uveitis, whereas many others may not represent a direct cause-and-effect relationship. Anterior uveitis is the most common clinical presentation and therefore, patients with new-onset anterior uveitis should be asked whether they have recently started any new medications. These patients need to undergo the same diagnostic protocol followed for any uveitis case. Drug-induced uveitis is almost always reversible within weeks of cessation of the medication and the institution of topical treatment of the inflammation. The clinical findings, diagnosis, and treatment of IRU and drug-induced uveitis are presented in this current study

scholarly journals Ocular manifestations of people living with HIV in Tunisia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorsaf Saadouli ◽  
Lamia Ammari ◽  
Khaoula Ben Mansour ◽  
Yosra Yahyaoui ◽  
Sameh Aissa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cmv Retinitis ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Ophthalmic Manifestations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Background: Ocular involvement is a common complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Knowledge about this topic in Tunisia is limited.Objective: To investigate ophthalmic manifestations in patients living with HIV in Tunisia.Method: This was an observational study, performed between January 2007 and December 2016. We included patients with ocular disorders related to HIV. The data were recorded retrospectively from chart review.Results: Amongst 98 people living with HIV (PLWH), 36 participants (55 eyes) had ocular manifestations. The mean age was 32.2 ± 5.6 years. Twenty-four patients were men and 12 were women. The mean value of CD4+ T-cell count was 156.5 ± 4.2 cells/µL. Bilateral lesions were found in 19 eyes. Best corrected visual acuity was better than 6/12 in 36 eyes. The most common ocular finding was dry eye syndrome (22%), cotton-wool spots (20%) and retinal haemorrhage (16%) followed by cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis (9%), anterior uveitis (7%), toxoplasmosis (4%) and tuberculosis retinochoroiditis (7%) Herpetic keratitis (5%), Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (2%) and syphilitic chorioretinitis (2%). Papilledema was found in three eyes (5%). Panuveitis was observed in four eyes (7%): three of them were associated with chorioretinal toxoplasmosis, syphilitic chorioretinitis and CMV retinitis. The fourth was attributable to immune recovery uveitis. A CD4+ T-cell count of ≤ 200 cells/µL was found to be an independent risk factor for developing posterior segment manifestations.Conclusion: Various ophthalmic manifestations were observed in PLWH. The most common lesion was retinopathy. Ocular involvement can be serious leading to poor visual prognosis, which requires close collaboration between the ophthalmologist and infectious disease physician.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Effects on Eye in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Md Sharfuddin Ahmed ◽  
Md Showkat Kabir ◽  
Mazharul Hoque Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Ocular Signs

COVID-19 is a contagious disease which can spread person to person mainly by respiratory droplet from infected person and contact by contaminated objects or body limbs through the routes nose, mouth, and eyes. To find out the ocular manifestations that are found in Bangladesh during COVID-19 pandemic this descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted to detect the ocular infection and its manifestation among patients admitted at different COVID-19 dedicated hospitals. Total 26 doctor’s (Eye Specialists, ICU Consultants, ICU Residents/ Medical Officers, Consultants of other Specialities, Medical Officers/ Residents) observational and examination findings were recorded in this study who have already completed one or more roster [07 days] duties in Corona Dedicated hospitals to treat the COVID-19 affected patients directly. Total 3,678 patients information from different hospitals were collected and interviews were taken directly or over telephone from the participants. Data collected from the participants based on the observations of physicians during COVID roster duties in different corona dedicated hospitals. Age sex and ocular signs and symptoms found in patients during hospitalization were recorded. Total 08 (eight) Corona dedicated hospitals; one Medical University, five tertiary level Govt. hospitals, one private Medical College hospital and one largest Isolation center of South-Asia were included as study place. Among the cases 66.2% were male and 33.8% female. Maximum patients were in age group 40-60 years [40%] and minimum of them were above 70 years [10%]. Ocular manifestations found in 48 cases and.30 in suspected, total 78 cases found with ocular manifestations. Total 2.121% patients hade ocular manifestations in confirmed and suspected cases. In COVID confirmed cases 1.316% patients hade ocular manifestations. In conclusion, we found several ocular manifestations in patients who are hospitalized as COVID-19 patients. Moreover, the ocular involvement could be the presenting finding of disease. Further studies are required in Bangladesh and this information may be valuable for future studies. Bangladesh Med J. 2020 May; 49(2) : 14-18

scholarly journals Profile of HIV/AIDS Patients Coinfected with Tuberculosis in Bumi Wonorejo Health Centre and Santo Rafael Clinic Nabire, Papua

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Tri Nury Kridaningsih ◽  
Mirna Widiyanti ◽  
Setyo Adiningsih ◽  
Hotma Martogi Lorensi Hutapea ◽  
Eva Fitriana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Thrush ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Hiv Aids

<p class="Englishversionofabstract">HIV-TB co-infection still becomes a health problem in Indonesia, including in Nabire district, Papua province, which has the highest number of cases. HIV and TB infections are closely related and affect the epidemiology of one another. This study aims to determine the profile description of HIV-TB co-infected patients in Nabire. This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design on 90 people with HIV/AIDS selected consecutively. Data were analyzed univariately and presented in the form of a frequency distribution table. The results showed that of 55 HIV/AIDS co-infected TB patients, almost all (90.9%) were Papuan ethnic, 70.9% were female and aged 30 to 49 years (50.9%) with a mean of 31.309.36 years. The majority of HIV-TB co-infected patients were married (63.6%), holding secondary education (58.2%), working (67.3%), engaging in sexual activity after 17 years of age, only having one sexual partner, and did not use drugs or obtain blood transfusions. The clinical profile of HIV-TB patients showed that 67.3% of the patients were with baseline CD4 count ≤350 cells/mm3, 64.8% had CD4 count at the time of study &gt;350 cells/mm3, and viral load values fewer than 5000 copies/ml (87.3%). The therapy most widely received for patients with HIV-TB coinfection was the combination of ARV 3TC+EFV+TDF (76.4%). The most common clinical symptoms of HIV/AIDS patients were weight loss (56.4%), cough (40%), recurrent oral thrush (36.4%), chickenpox (32.7%), and tuberculosis lymph nodes (18.2%).</p>

scholarly journals Antiretroviral Service to HIV Patients of low CD4 Count in Seti Zonal Hospital

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (173) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bidhan Nidhi Paudel ◽  
SR Chaudhary ◽  
S Sharma ◽  
GP Dhunagana ◽  
P Paydel
Keyword(s):  
Late Stage ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Select Group ◽  
Hiv Aids

INTRODUCTION:Due to unavailability of vaccine against HIV/AIDS, there are no ways other than relying on ART. We select group of late stage HIV/AIDS with CD4<50 so that opportunistic infections and outcome of patients in this late stage of severe immunosuppression after initiation of ART can be knownMETHODS:A cross sectional study was carried out in 53 HIV patients with CD4 count <50 cells/cu mm blood undergoing ART in Seti Zonal Hospital Dhangadi between December 2006 and May 2008 with objectives to explore the treatment outcome in this late stage of immunosuppression. Only those patients with CD4 count <50 were consecutively selected and recommended for various laboratory test on the basis of which ART regimen were prescribed.RESULTS:Among 53 patients, 42 (79.2%) were males and 11 (20.8%) were females, with predominant age group of 30-40 years (49.1%). Fever (71.7%), diarrhea (56.6%), pneumonia (52.8%), weight loss (52.8%) and oral thrush (33.9%) were found to be the major clinical presentation/Opportunistic infections. 19 (35.8%) patients showed normal activity throughout the treatment period with increase in CD4 count, 10 (19%) were recovered and transferred out. Only 1 (1.8%) showed decrease in CD4 count even after taking ART. Significant relationship was established between the intake of ART and increase in CD4 level (pair t = 7.88, p<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:ART service was found to be efficient enough to increase the CD4 count significantly after 6 months of therapy but the prevalence of OIs/clinical manifestations were sufficiently higher in this group of patients with low CD4 count.Keywords: antiretroviral therapy, cell count, fever, opportunistic infections 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document