GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWERMENT OF ALBANIAN WOMEN IN REP. OF MACEDONIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 2443-2446
Author(s):  
Ibish Kadriu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Economic Strengthening

In Macedonia, it is evident that gender equality is at a low level, Albanian women are still very little represented in social and political life, while measures to mitigate gender inequality have not yielded the expected outcomes, and it cannot be talked about the effectiveness of policies and programs to improve gender indicators. This paper, through the method of comparison and structured interview, aims to foster dialogue on the integration of gender equality in Macedonia, which means women's equal participation in the social, economic and political life of the country, equal opportunities to enjoy all rights and to put in service their individual potentials for the benefit of society. The objectives of this research are to: analyze the current situation of women in the Republic of Macedonia in the context of women's participation in politics and public life, its representation, identify opportunities including policies and institutions serving the gender equality as well as identify areas for intervention and recommend policies, programs and measures for problem solving and coping with challenges that represent gender equality and empowerment of Albanian women in this country. The reasons for the exclusion of Albanian women in public life are many, but more fundamental are traditions, way of life, and education of women and low employment percentage of Albanian women. There is no doubt that the use of open or closed lists of candidates, as well as their position on the list, plays a role. Research has shown that female counselors give more priority to issues related to health, social affairs, education and social infrastructure investments. However, women's involvement in politics and leading positions remains a challenge even though important steps have been taken to advance women's participation in political life, the gender gap remains a challenge for key political positions (ministerial and mayoral positions), and leading positions in governmental and public institutions. Women's economic strengthening is one of the priorities included in the national strategic documents on gender equality in the Republic of Macedonia adequately address this issue. However, different field analyzes and research show partial harmonization in limited access and contribution in terms of economic strengthening of women and girls.

GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWERMENT OF ALBANIAN WOMEN IN REP. OF MACEDONIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 2443-2446
Author(s):  
Ibish Kadriu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Economic Strengthening

In Macedonia, it is evident that gender equality is at a low level, Albanian women are still very little represented in social and political life, while measures to mitigate gender inequality have not yielded the expected outcomes, and it cannot be talked about the effectiveness of policies and programs to improve gender indicators. This paper, through the method of comparison and structured interview, aims to foster dialogue on the integration of gender equality in Macedonia, which means women's equal participation in the social, economic and political life of the country, equal opportunities to enjoy all rights and to put in service their individual potentials for the benefit of society. The objectives of this research are to: analyze the current situation of women in the Republic of Macedonia in the context of women's participation in politics and public life, its representation, identify opportunities including policies and institutions serving the gender equality as well as identify areas for intervention and recommend policies, programs and measures for problem solving and coping with challenges that represent gender equality and empowerment of Albanian women in this country. The reasons for the exclusion of Albanian women in public life are many, but more fundamental are traditions, way of life, and education of women and low employment percentage of Albanian women. There is no doubt that the use of open or closed lists of candidates, as well as their position on the list, plays a role. Research has shown that female counselors give more priority to issues related to health, social affairs, education and social infrastructure investments. However, women's involvement in politics and leading positions remains a challenge even though important steps have been taken to advance women's participation in political life, the gender gap remains a challenge for key political positions (ministerial and mayoral positions), and leading positions in governmental and public institutions. Women's economic strengthening is one of the priorities included in the national strategic documents on gender equality in the Republic of Macedonia adequately address this issue. However, different field analyzes and research show partial harmonization in limited access and contribution in terms of economic strengthening of women and girls.

Feminism in Foreign Policy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen P. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Women’S Representation ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
And Gender

The traditional/mainstream international relations (IR) study of foreign policy has primarily focused on state behavior in the international system, examining factors such as the influence of decision-makers’ attitudes and beliefs, regime type, domestic political actors, civil society, norms, culture, and so forth on foreign policy. Much of this research has neglected to address women and gender in the context of studying foreign policy actors, decisions, and outcomes. Given that women are increasingly gaining access to the political process in terms of both formal government positions and informal political activism, and recognition by the international community of women’s roles in peace and war, feminist international relations (IR) scholars have challenged the assumptions and research focus of mainstream IR, including the study of foreign policy. Feminist international relations (IR) scholars have shown that countries with greater gender equality have foreign policies that are less belligerent. How do we account for foreign policies that are explicitly focused on women’s empowerment and gender equality? The main questions motivating the research on feminism in foreign policy are as follows. Is there a gender gap between men and women in terms of foreign policy? If so, what explains the gender gap? Research shows that the evidence is mixed—for example, men and women often agree on foreign policy goals and objectives, but sometimes differ on what actions to take to achieve those goals, primarily whether to use force. In considering where the women are in foreign policy, scholars examine women’s representation and participation in government, as gender equality is related to women’s representation and participation. While an increasing number of women have entered formal politics, whether as heads of state/government, cabinet and ministerial positions, and ambassadorships, for example, women remain underrepresented. The question also arises as to whether and how women’s participation and representation (descriptive and substantive representation) impact foreign policy. Does increased women’s participation and representation lead to a foreign policy focused on “women’s issues” and gender equality? Is a critical mass of women necessary for policies that promote gender equality and women’s empowerment? Finally, what does it mean to have a feminist foreign policy?

scholarly journals The Role of Women in the Political Discourse of Muslim Countries

Islamovedenie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Gadzhimuradova Gyulnara Ilyasbekovna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Islamic Movements ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The One

The article is devoted to the problem of gender equality in Tunisia, Lebanon and Turkey. These countries belong to the Arab-Muslim world, where religious traditions and Sharia law are strong. The authors show what path these countries have taken in addressing gender equality is-sues and outline the role of women themselves in addressing the question of their rights. The article shows the results of women's struggle for their rights and the ways women's right to equality are implemented in each country. The authors emphasize the importance of women's participation in the social and political life of countries. They use the examples of Tunisia, Leb-anon and Turkey that, on the one hand, are part of the Muslim world, and, on the other hand, adhere to secular principles of government at the legislative level. The article shows that tradi-tions are still strong in these countries, and religion is a powerful social and political factor that affects the current state of gender equality and hinders women's participation in politics at dif-ferent levels of government. The study attempts to demonstrate the role governments and vari-ous Islamic movements play in shaping public policy towards women and their rights, and the role of women themselves in the society and in addressing gender equality issues.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE POLITICAL LIFE OF ARAB-MUSLIM COUNTRIES: EXAMPLES FROM FOR TUNISIA AND LEBANON

2020 ◽  
pp. 473-500
Author(s):  
Gyulnara Gadzhimuradova ◽  
Lujain Rabat
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Religion And Politics ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Current State ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Arab Muslim

The article emphasizes the importance of women's participation in the socio-political life of a country. While most European countries have already made some progress in the fight for gender equality, for most countries in different parts of the world, including in the Arab-Muslim world, gender equality remains unrealized. Nevertheless the understanding of the need for women's participation in public and political life is becoming increasingly clear. Equal representation of women in local governments, legislative and representative bodies is directly related to the economic and socio-political sustainable development of countries. The authors use the examples of Tunisia and Lebanon, which on one hand belong to the countries of the Arab world, and on the other hand, adhere to secular principles of government at the legislative level to analyze the historical development of ‘women’s' issues in countries where religion and politics are intertwined. The authors consider in detail that in these two countries traditions are still strong and religion is a powerful social and political factor, which influences the current state of gender equality and act as obstacles for women’s participation in politics at different levels of government.s.

scholarly journals An Analysis about Learning to IncreaseWomen’s Participation and Employment in Europe’s Energy Transition: Evidence from the European Project MEnS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peñalvo-López ◽  
Cárcel-Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Professional Skills ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
New Education

The Energy Performance Building Directive (EPBD) introduced the requirement for all Member States to include the concept of Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs) in their national plans. However, this challenge requires upgrading professional skills in NZEB concepts and strategies, thus guaranteeing the maximum impact on NZEB deployment around Europe.This is the objective of MEnS (“Meeting Energy Professional Skills”), an H2020 project focused on providing high quality upskilling and education to architects, engineers, and building professionals. The role of women in the NZEB industry indicates that female participation in the building industry is still low.The need to rebalance this gender gap is highlighted in this work through the identification of female programs and schemes.In addition, the results of women’s participation in the MEnS project is analyzed. The MEns project created and implemented a new education program, training 1200 building managers (engineers and architects) in the designand construction of NZEBs, out of which 46% were women. Focusing on the Spanish case, 18 interviews were randomly conducted with women participants in order to assess the courses and their expectations of employment in the NZEB framework. The method used for the analysis was a semi-structured interview and analysis by the grounded theory. This article describes the participation of women in this educational program and analyses initial conclusions and lessons learnt from this initiative in 10 European countries,including Spain.

Women's Participation and Equal Opportunities for Leadership in Tanzania

2018 ◽  
pp. 1437-1458
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Michael Msoka ◽  
Dominick Muya
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Women In Leadership ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Dual Burden ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Political Norms

The goal of ensuring women's full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership in political, economic, and public life is still a major challenge in Tanzania. This chapter addresses three questions: What accounts for low participation of women in leadership at all levels of decision making in political, economic, and public life? What measures have been undertaken to address gender gap in leadership? And, what are the best ways to ensure women's full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership? Findings suggest several determinants of gender gap in leadership including low level of education among women, patriarchal political norms and values reinforced with high levels of poverty, as well as the dual burden of triple roles, which women carry. Moreover, women are perceived to be lacking public speaking skills and competitiveness. All those factors make women less likely than men to aspire for leadership careers in political, economic, and public life.

Women's Participation and Equal Opportunities for Leadership in Tanzania

2018 ◽  
pp. 160-181
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Michael Msoka ◽  
Dominick Muya
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Women In Leadership ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Dual Burden ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Political Norms

The goal of ensuring women's full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership in political, economic, and public life is still a major challenge in Tanzania. This chapter addresses three questions: What accounts for low participation of women in leadership at all levels of decision making in political, economic, and public life? What measures have been undertaken to address gender gap in leadership? And, what are the best ways to ensure women's full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership? Findings suggest several determinants of gender gap in leadership including low level of education among women, patriarchal political norms and values reinforced with high levels of poverty, as well as the dual burden of triple roles, which women carry. Moreover, women are perceived to be lacking public speaking skills and competitiveness. All those factors make women less likely than men to aspire for leadership careers in political, economic, and public life.

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