Women's Participation and Equal Opportunities for Leadership in Tanzania

2018 ◽  
pp. 160-181
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Michael Msoka ◽  
Dominick Muya
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Women In Leadership ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Dual Burden ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Political Norms

The goal of ensuring women's full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership in political, economic, and public life is still a major challenge in Tanzania. This chapter addresses three questions: What accounts for low participation of women in leadership at all levels of decision making in political, economic, and public life? What measures have been undertaken to address gender gap in leadership? And, what are the best ways to ensure women's full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership? Findings suggest several determinants of gender gap in leadership including low level of education among women, patriarchal political norms and values reinforced with high levels of poverty, as well as the dual burden of triple roles, which women carry. Moreover, women are perceived to be lacking public speaking skills and competitiveness. All those factors make women less likely than men to aspire for leadership careers in political, economic, and public life.

Women's Participation and Equal Opportunities for Leadership in Tanzania

2018 ◽  
pp. 1437-1458
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Michael Msoka ◽  
Dominick Muya
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Women In Leadership ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Dual Burden ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Political Norms

The goal of ensuring women's full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership in political, economic, and public life is still a major challenge in Tanzania. This chapter addresses three questions: What accounts for low participation of women in leadership at all levels of decision making in political, economic, and public life? What measures have been undertaken to address gender gap in leadership? And, what are the best ways to ensure women's full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership? Findings suggest several determinants of gender gap in leadership including low level of education among women, patriarchal political norms and values reinforced with high levels of poverty, as well as the dual burden of triple roles, which women carry. Moreover, women are perceived to be lacking public speaking skills and competitiveness. All those factors make women less likely than men to aspire for leadership careers in political, economic, and public life.

GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWERMENT OF ALBANIAN WOMEN IN REP. OF MACEDONIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 2443-2446
Author(s):  
Ibish Kadriu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Economic Strengthening

In Macedonia, it is evident that gender equality is at a low level, Albanian women are still very little represented in social and political life, while measures to mitigate gender inequality have not yielded the expected outcomes, and it cannot be talked about the effectiveness of policies and programs to improve gender indicators. This paper, through the method of comparison and structured interview, aims to foster dialogue on the integration of gender equality in Macedonia, which means women's equal participation in the social, economic and political life of the country, equal opportunities to enjoy all rights and to put in service their individual potentials for the benefit of society. The objectives of this research are to: analyze the current situation of women in the Republic of Macedonia in the context of women's participation in politics and public life, its representation, identify opportunities including policies and institutions serving the gender equality as well as identify areas for intervention and recommend policies, programs and measures for problem solving and coping with challenges that represent gender equality and empowerment of Albanian women in this country. The reasons for the exclusion of Albanian women in public life are many, but more fundamental are traditions, way of life, and education of women and low employment percentage of Albanian women. There is no doubt that the use of open or closed lists of candidates, as well as their position on the list, plays a role. Research has shown that female counselors give more priority to issues related to health, social affairs, education and social infrastructure investments. However, women's involvement in politics and leading positions remains a challenge even though important steps have been taken to advance women's participation in political life, the gender gap remains a challenge for key political positions (ministerial and mayoral positions), and leading positions in governmental and public institutions. Women's economic strengthening is one of the priorities included in the national strategic documents on gender equality in the Republic of Macedonia adequately address this issue. However, different field analyzes and research show partial harmonization in limited access and contribution in terms of economic strengthening of women and girls.

scholarly journals Review of the book by Janusz Marianski "Lexicon sociology of morality"

2016 ◽  
pp. 115-117
Author(s):  
Dariusz Tułowiecki
Keyword(s):  
Building Block ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Sociology Of Morality ◽  
Political Economic

Morality is an indispensable element of social life. Norms and values - socially embedded and determining the foundations of a culture – decide of individual and massive behaviors. Despite the cultural changes and the discourse around the ways of conceiving the ethics and morality, despite relativization of certain values and norms and consolidation of other, culturally new, morality is an integral building block of society. It is considered both as an essential component of political, economic and social life, as well as permanent element of solving social conflicts in public life and in the international field.

scholarly journals Single Women Involved in Entrepreneurship Negatively Affected by Gender and Marital Status as Entrepreneurs

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-207
Author(s):  
Brown Chomba
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Single Women ◽  
The Political ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The People ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Full Participation

Issues to do with gender imbalances and inequality of women in general and single women in particular in the political arena and entrepreneurship are nowadays a burning issue in all the countries worldwide. This is a major aspect of modern democratic governance such that low levels of female participation in politics are a major concern worldwide. The steps were taken by the United Nations Convention on stopping all forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and other international organizations have laid the concrete basis for the emergence of women’s participation in politics and entrepreneurship. In Lusaka, Zambia, women’s political participation is not proportional to the 50% of the country’s population which women represent, thereby not translating into equal representation in political leadership positions. The study employed questionnaires to collect data. The findings demonstrate that there exists a significant gender gap in the political participation of women in all the wards in the Lusaka district and that factors affecting their effective participation were social, economic, political, cultural, and religious-based. The study, therefore, recommended the change of perception of the people, equal representation in governance, support from everyone, and also stopping of discriminatory practices to ensure the equal and full participation of women.

scholarly journals Exploring Gender Socialization on African Political System and Women's Participation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
Andrew Enaifoghe
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Political System ◽  
Gender Socialization ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Women's Representation ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Women’S Representation ◽  
Underrepresentation Of Women ◽  
The Impact

This study explored the role of gender plays and the participation impacts of women on African politics, the religion and socio-cultural factors responsible for the underrepresentation of women through socialization in Africa. Obviously, past research has demonstrated that fundamentalist religious beliefs and affiliations are related to preservationist gender demeanours or attitude. This idea not only impacts gender gaps in political participation in cross-national examinations by belligerence that women's portrayal ought to be measured in an unexpected way or differently. Utilizing Fundamentalism and Modernization Theories, this paper shows that long haul impacts of women's representation are more indispensable than short-term measures in understanding gender gap in a mixture of political exercises. The timeframe since women have accessed the political framework discloses the gender gap to a more noteworthy degree than the presence of women in the governing body and cabinet at one point in time. Findings demonstrate that the suppositions of earlier work on women representation and political conduct or attitude may stretch out beyond Africa it also finds that gender grouping has in many ways impacted the low participation of women in African political system through socialization. At last, this study shows that the kind of political exercises matter and the implementation of policies that encourage give women level play ground to participate in politics while breaking down the impact of gender socialization as of the factors for women's representation in legislative issues crosswise over Africa. A qualitative approach was used in this study alongside with empirical investigation.

GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWERMENT OF ALBANIAN WOMEN IN REP. OF MACEDONIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 2443-2446
Author(s):  
Ibish Kadriu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Economic Strengthening

In Macedonia, it is evident that gender equality is at a low level, Albanian women are still very little represented in social and political life, while measures to mitigate gender inequality have not yielded the expected outcomes, and it cannot be talked about the effectiveness of policies and programs to improve gender indicators. This paper, through the method of comparison and structured interview, aims to foster dialogue on the integration of gender equality in Macedonia, which means women's equal participation in the social, economic and political life of the country, equal opportunities to enjoy all rights and to put in service their individual potentials for the benefit of society. The objectives of this research are to: analyze the current situation of women in the Republic of Macedonia in the context of women's participation in politics and public life, its representation, identify opportunities including policies and institutions serving the gender equality as well as identify areas for intervention and recommend policies, programs and measures for problem solving and coping with challenges that represent gender equality and empowerment of Albanian women in this country. The reasons for the exclusion of Albanian women in public life are many, but more fundamental are traditions, way of life, and education of women and low employment percentage of Albanian women. There is no doubt that the use of open or closed lists of candidates, as well as their position on the list, plays a role. Research has shown that female counselors give more priority to issues related to health, social affairs, education and social infrastructure investments. However, women's involvement in politics and leading positions remains a challenge even though important steps have been taken to advance women's participation in political life, the gender gap remains a challenge for key political positions (ministerial and mayoral positions), and leading positions in governmental and public institutions. Women's economic strengthening is one of the priorities included in the national strategic documents on gender equality in the Republic of Macedonia adequately address this issue. However, different field analyzes and research show partial harmonization in limited access and contribution in terms of economic strengthening of women and girls.

Women's participation in the Rwandan genocide: mothers or monsters?

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (877) ◽  
pp. 69-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Gender Relations ◽  
Women In Leadership ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Rwandan Genocide ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Law

AbstractThe participation of women in the 1994 Rwandan genocide should be considered in the context of gender relations in pre-genocide Rwandan society. Many ‘ordinary’ women were involved in the genocide but, overall, committed significantly fewer acts of overt violence than men. Owing to the indirect nature of women's crimes, combined with male ‘chivalry’, women may be under-represented among those pursued for genocide-related crimes, despite the broad conception of complicity in Rwanda's Gacaca Law. Women in leadership positions played a particularly important role in the genocide, and gendered imagery, including of the ‘evil woman’ or ‘monster’, is often at play in their encounters with the law.

scholarly journals An Analysis about Learning to IncreaseWomen’s Participation and Employment in Europe’s Energy Transition: Evidence from the European Project MEnS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peñalvo-López ◽  
Cárcel-Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Professional Skills ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
New Education

The Energy Performance Building Directive (EPBD) introduced the requirement for all Member States to include the concept of Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs) in their national plans. However, this challenge requires upgrading professional skills in NZEB concepts and strategies, thus guaranteeing the maximum impact on NZEB deployment around Europe.This is the objective of MEnS (“Meeting Energy Professional Skills”), an H2020 project focused on providing high quality upskilling and education to architects, engineers, and building professionals. The role of women in the NZEB industry indicates that female participation in the building industry is still low.The need to rebalance this gender gap is highlighted in this work through the identification of female programs and schemes.In addition, the results of women’s participation in the MEnS project is analyzed. The MEns project created and implemented a new education program, training 1200 building managers (engineers and architects) in the designand construction of NZEBs, out of which 46% were women. Focusing on the Spanish case, 18 interviews were randomly conducted with women participants in order to assess the courses and their expectations of employment in the NZEB framework. The method used for the analysis was a semi-structured interview and analysis by the grounded theory. This article describes the participation of women in this educational program and analyses initial conclusions and lessons learnt from this initiative in 10 European countries,including Spain.

The Gender Gap in Brazilian Politics and the Role of the Electoral Court

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-437
Author(s):  
Luciana de Oliveira Ramos ◽  
Virgílio Afonso da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Gender Quotas ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Gender Quota ◽  
Difficult Cases

AbstractLike many other countries, Brazil has adopted gender quotas in elections for legislatures at all levels of the federation. However, Brazilian gender quotas have been ineffective at increasing women's participation in politics. Authors usually point to reasons related to the electoral system and party structure. This article analyzes a variable that is rarely considered: the role of the Electoral Court. We argue that the quality and intensity of the control exercised by an electoral court, when called upon to decide on the enforcement of the gender quota law, can influence the efficacy of this policy. We show that, in general, the Brazilian Superior Electoral Court tends to foster the participation of women in politics. However, based on two divides—between easy and difficult cases and between cases with low and high impact—we argue that in the realm of gender quotas, this court takes a rather restrained stance in those cases considered both difficult and with high impact.

Radical Islamism as a Mode of Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-108
Author(s):  
Masdar Hilmy
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Production Theory ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Dominant Structure ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Theoretical Paradigms ◽  
Epistemological Basis ◽  
Mode Of Production

This article attempts to provide a breakthrough which I call mode of production theory. This theory will be employed to analyze the contemporary phenomenon of radical Islamism. The mode of production theory is meant to bridge the two clashing theoretical paradigms in social sciences and humanities, i.e., Weberian and Marxian. Despite its bridging nature, the paper argues that the two cannot be merged within one single thread. This is because each paradigm has its own epistemological basis which is irreconcilable to one another. Mostly adapted from Marx’s theory, the current theory of the mode of production covers five interrelated aspects, namely social, political, economic, cultural, and symbolic structures. If Marx’s mode of production theory heavily relies on a material and economic basis, the theory used in this paper accommodates cultural and symbolic structures that are Weberian in nature. Although the two paradigms can operate together, the strength of structure (Marxian) overpowers the strength of culture (Weberian). This paper further argues that such cultural-based aspects as ideology, norms, and values play as mobilizing factors under a big schematic dominant structure in the rise and development of the radical Islamist groups.

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