scholarly journals PENGARUH KELAS UMUR TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS GETAH POHON PINUS MERKUSII DI KPH BANDUNG UTARA

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Nirma Audina ◽  
Raizal Fahmi Solihat ◽  
Asep Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Age Classes ◽  
Class V ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Pine Resin ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Age Limit ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Pinus Merkusii ◽  
Latex Production ◽  
Class Iv

This research was carried out in RPH Ujung Berung, BKPH Manglayang Barat KPH Bandung Utara, and Divisi Regional Jawa Barat & Banten. The time of the research was conducted from September to November 2018. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect the effect of age classes, diameter difference and interaction between age and diameter. Based on the results of the research it can be concluded that the productivity of pine resin is affected by the age class. It showed by data increased in age class followed by increased productivity of resin. Age Class IV is 13.26 grams, Age Class V is 30.74 grams and Age Class VI is 61.17 grams. There is a tendency for latex production to increase by the time the tree grow older to a certain age. Diameter affect the productivity of resin, the greater the growth of tree diameter, the more abundant the resin can be and the production of pine resin will increase. This is shown by data increased in diameter followed by increasing resin productivity, in diameters of 20-23 productivity of resin is 29.7 grams, diameter 24-27 productivity of resin is 36.44 grams and diameter 28-31 productivity of resin is 38.95 grams. Age classes difference affect the amount of resin production, the older the tree ages, the larger diameter will be, and finally affect to resin productivity, up to a certain age limit.

scholarly journals PRODUKTIVITAS RESIN PINUS MERKUSII JUNGH ET DE VRIESE PADA KELAS UMUR DAN KETINGGIAN TEMPAT TUMBUH YANG BERBEDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
Arip Wijayanto ◽  
Nurmadina Nurmadina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Pine Resin ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
Pinus Merkusii

Pine resin production is influenced by several factors, including altitudes and the different classes of age . In addition, the productivity of pine resin is also influenced by weather and climate. The aim of  study that entitled oductivity of Resin Pinus Merkusii Jungh Et De Vriese in Several Class Ages and Altitudes, was to investigate pine resin productivity in Forest Management Resort Guyangan, Perum Perhutani, based on variation of altitudes and class ages classified by Perum Perhutani. This study used resin production data that taped by quare methode from Forest Management Resort Guyangan, and then data were analysed with microsoft office excel. The result of this study showed that the highest pine resin productivity is 0.22 kg/tree/month for  class age (KU) V and IV,  and the lowest pine resin productivity, i.e. 0,19 kg/tree/month is for KU VII. Based on altitudes, resin productivities for 500-799 (mdpl) and 800-999 (mdpl) were 0,22 kg/tree/month and 0,20 kg/tree/month respectively. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the higher altitudes the lower pine resin productivity. Meanwile basedon the age class, the productivity of pine resin in different age class shows different values.

Interplay between age class, sex and stress response in green turtles (Chelonia mydas)

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim S. Jessop ◽  
Mark Hamann
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Green Turtles ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Plasma Hormone ◽  
Capture Stress ◽  
Adrenocortical Stress Response ◽  
Effect Of Age

We investigated plasma hormone profiles of corticosterone in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in response to a capture stress protocol. Further, we examined whether age class and sex were covariates associated with variation in both basal corticosterone levels and the adrenocortical stress response of non-breeding green turtles. Green turtles responded to the capture stress protocol by significantly increasing plasma levels of corticosterone over an eight-hour period. Further, there was a significant effect of age class on the capacity for green turtles to produce corticosterone in response to a capture stressor, with juvenile green turtles having higher basal levels of corticosterone and producing significantly more corticosterone in response to capture stress than non-breeding adult turtles. In contrast there was no significant sex difference in the corticosterone stress response of green turtles irrespective of age class. In summary, green turtles exhibited an adrenocortical response to a capture stress protocol. This response was significantly associated with different age classes, perhaps suggesting that the response is increased in juvenile turtles to offset the reduced probability of survival consistent with this more vulnerable age class.

mRNA abundance changes during flagellar regeneration in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-434
Author(s):  
J A Schloss ◽  
C D Silflow ◽  
J L Rosenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Beta Tubulin ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Class V ◽  
Alpha Tubulin ◽  
Flagellar Regeneration ◽  
Flagellar Proteins ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Class Iv

Flagellar amputation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii induces the accumulation of a specific set of RNAs, many of which encode flagellar proteins. We prepared a cDNA clone bank from RNA isolated from cells undergoing flagellar regeneration. From this bank, we selected clones that contain RNA sequences that display several different patterns of abundance regulation. Based on quantitation of the relative amounts of labeled, cloned cDNAs hybridizing to dots of RNA on nitrocellulose filters, the cloned sequences were divided into five regulatory classes: class I RNAs remain at constant abundance during flagellar regeneration; classes II, III, and IV begin to increase in abundance within a few minutes after deflagellation, reach maximal abundance at successively later times during regeneration, and return to control cell levels within 2 to 3 h; and class V RNA abundance decreases during flagellar regeneration. Alpha- and beta-tubulin mRNAs are included in regulatory class IV. The abundance kinetics of alpha-tubulin mRNAs differ slightly from those of beta-tubulin mRNAs. The availability of these clones makes possible studies on the mechanisms controlling the abundance of a wide variety of different RNA species during flagellar regeneration in Chlamydomonas.

Transformation of Recurred Lupus Nephritis from Class IV to Class V

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Jin-Ju Park ◽  
Ji-Yeong Kwak ◽  
Ju-Yang Jung ◽  
Bo-Ram Koh ◽  
Hyoun-Ah Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Class V ◽  
Class Iv

scholarly journals Slenderness of trees in black locust stands

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Szymon Bijak ◽  
Katarzyna Orzoł
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Crown Length ◽  
Research Material

Abstract This paper investigates the slenderness of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) trees in relation to the biosocial status of the trees, stand age class, crown parameters and habitat type. The research material was collected on 35 research plots in the Sława Śląska, Sulechów and Głogów forest districts in western Poland and comprises 1058 trees. For each tree, we measured height (h) as well as diameter at breast height (d) and determined its biosocial status (Kraft class), crown length (CL) and relative crown length (rCL). The age class and habitat type were assessed at the plot level. Because the obtained values for slenderness (s=h/d) diverged significantly from the normal distribution, we used Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests to investigate the influence of the above-mentioned parameters on the h/d ratio. Black locust slenderness ranged from 0.31 to 1.95 with an average of 0.91 (standard deviation 0.24). It furthermore differed significantly between Kraft classes (the higher the biosocial status, the lower the slenderness) and age classes (the older the trees, the lower their slenderness). We also found a significant effect of the habitat type (in oligotrophic sites trees formed more slender trunks than in mesotrophic sites) and crown parameters on the h/d ratio (decreasing with increasing crown length and relative crown length). The obtained results suggest that the slenderness of black locust does not differ substantially from native broadleaved trees in Poland.

Timber production versus old-growth preservation with endogenous prices and forest age-classes

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1296-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olli Tahvonen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Values ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Forest Age ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Class Distribution ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Long Run

This study combines timber production and environmental values, applying a dynamic forest-level economic model with any number of forest age-classes. The model includes endogenous timber price or nonlinear harvesting costs and various possibilities to specify the dependence of environmental values (related e.g. to species persistence) on the forest age-class structure. The nonlinearities in the net benefits from timber production have the consequence that fluctuations in optimal timber harvesting may totally vanish or at least become smaller than in forest scheduling models without ad hoc even flow constraints. If environmental values are specified to depend on the fraction of forest land preserved as old growth, the optimal long run allocation between timber production and old growth is represented by an equilibrium continuum. Thus the optimal long run allocation depends on the initial age-class distribution. The continuum and the dependence of initial age-class distribution vanish when the rate of discount approaches zero. If the environmental values of age-classes increase smoothly with age, the long run equilibrium may simultaneously include multiple rotation periods. The model determines the optimality of producing timber and environmental values separately at different parts of the forest or at the same piece of forest land. Numerical computation suggests that the optimal solution always converges toward some optimal long run stationary age-class distribution.

scholarly journals Novel Class of Mutations of pilS Mutants, Encoding Plasmid R64 Type IV Prepilin: Interface of PilS-PilV Interactions

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (4) ◽  
pp. 1202-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eriko Shimoda ◽  
Tatsuya Muto ◽  
Takayuki Horiuchi ◽  
Nobuhisa Furuya ◽  
Teruya Komano
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Type Iv Pili ◽  
Class I ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class V ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Prepilin Peptidase ◽  
Class Iv ◽  
Plasmid R64

ABSTRACT The type IV pili of plasmid R64 belonging to the type IVB group are required only for liquid mating. They consist of the major and minor components PilS pilin and PilV adhesin, respectively. PilS pilin is first synthesized as a 22-kDa prepilin from the pilS gene and is then processed to a 19-kDa mature pilin by PilU prepilin peptidase. In a previous genetic analysis, we identified four classes of the pilS mutants (T. Horiuchi and T. Komano, J. Bacteriol. 180:4613-4620, 1998). The products of the class I pilS mutants were not processed by prepilin peptidase; the products of the class II mutants were not secreted; in the class III mutants type IV pili with reduced activities in liquid mating were produced; and in the class IV mutants type IV pili with normal activities were produced. Here, we describe a novel class, class V, of pilS mutants. Mutations in the pilS gene at Gly-56 or Tyr-57 produced type IV pili lacking PilV adhesin, which were inactive in liquid mating. Residues 56 and 57 of PilS pilin are suggested to function as an interface of PilS-PilV interactions.

scholarly journals FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS ON THE ORIGIN OF TUMORS IN MICE

1915 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. C. Lathrop ◽  
Leo Loeb
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Incidence ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Age Class ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Strains

1. In crossing strains known to diner in their tumor rates, the hybrids show in a considerable number of cases a tumor rate corresponding to the parent with a high tumor incidence; in some cases the offspring have the tumor rate of the parent with the low tumor incidence; in certain cases the tumor rate of the offspring is intermediate between those of the parents. That these results are not accidental follows from the fact that we could show in some cases that two sisters crossed with the same strains or with the same male give similar offspring, and in other cases we could show that the same individual crossed successively with two strains that behave similarly produces hybrids with a similar tumor incidence. 2. There exists some evidence for the conclusion that different strains in being crossed with other strains differ in their power to impress their tumor rate upon the crosses. Thus the English strain and the I and II daughters of No. 10 have the tendency to transmit to the offspring a high tumor rate, while Cream, Silver, and some European other than 151 have a tendency to transmit a low tumor rate. While crosses of these daughters of No. 10 with European 151 or with No. 8½ show the high tumor rate of the mothers, the crosses of one of the same females with Cream or Silver show an intermediate tumor rate. 3. We find further evidence for our conclusion previously stated that age class, of the tumors and tumor rate are not dependent on the same factor. The age class enters into the crosses as a factor independent of the tumor rate. Thus we find in the crosses between the first daughter of No. 10 and Cream, and in the crosses between the same female and English Silver a similar tumor rate, but the age classes differ in conformity with the difference in the age classes of the parents. We find, furthermore, that while in some cases a tumor rate and an age class that correspond to each other (high tumor rate, early tumors—low tumor rate, late tumors) are transmitted to the offspring, in other cases tumor rate and age class transmitted to the crosses diverge. 4. It seems that certain strains with very late tumors if mated with strains with earlier tumors have a tendency to transmit to the offspring their own tendency to very late tumors. With a certain strain lateness of the tumors seems to be dominant, while a low tumor rate is not necessarily dominant in the same crosses. This was noticeable in the crosses into which the strain European ± 102 or 103 entered as one of the parents. 5. If both parents have a similar tumor rate the offspring have usually a similar tumor rate. There was, however, one exception to this rule in the case of the German ± Carter mice, in which the offspring showed a much lower tumor rate and higher age class than either of the parent strains.

Effect of age and initial infection intensity on the rate of reinfection with Trichuris trichiura after treatment

Parasitology ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. P. Bundy ◽  
E. S. Cooper ◽  
D. E. Thompson ◽  
J. M. Didier ◽  
I. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Reinfection Rate ◽  
Initial Infection ◽  
Mixed Age ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Effect Of Age

SummaryThe study examines the rate of re-acquisition of Trichuris trichiura infection after treatment in two populations, one of mixed age and the other of children with known preintervention infection intensity. A population living in a Caribbean village was treated with mebendazole and the rate of reacquisition of infection of four age classes (2–4, 5–10, 11–30, 30+ years) monitored over a 20-month period. The reinfection rate was higher in the child age-classes indicating either that children are more exposed to infection or that adults slowly develop a partially effective acquired immunity. A cohort of children (mean age 4·5 years) was separated into 3 intensity categories on the basis of expelled worm burdens and their rate of reacquisition of infection monitored over a 12-month period. The rate of reinfection was directly and positively associated with initial infection status. This may indicate that children with low intensity infections are consistently less exposed to infection or that they have effective immune responses. The latter conclusion, however, would imply that they had acquired this immunity early in life, and so appears to contradict the suggestion that resistance is only slowly acquired by adults. Reconciling these two conclusions may require more sophisticated immunological models than have been suggested previously for geohelminthiases.

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