scholarly journals Physical and chemical properties of tigernut oil as influenced by variety and method of extraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Afuape Zainab Oluwakemi ◽  
Oke Emmanuel Kehinde ◽  
Idowu Michael Ayodele ◽  
Olorode Omobolanle Omowunmi ◽  
Omoniyi Saheed Adewale
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Smoke Point ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Method Of Extraction ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This study was carried out to investigate the physical and chemical properties of tigernut oil as influenced by variety and methods of extraction. Oil was extracted from yellow and brown varieties of tigernut using mechanical screw press and N-hexane, and it was characterized for physical and chemical composition. The moisture content, acid value, free fatty acid, iodine value, saponification value and peroxide value for tigernut oil from extraction methods ranged from 2.97 to 3.30%, 0.28 to 0.56mgKOH/g, 0.55 to 1.12g/100g, 66.11 to 69.75gI/100g, 174.93 to 210.06mgKOHg and 0.27 to 0.56MgH2O2, respectively. The range of values for specific gravity, percentage impurity, cloud point, smoke point and melting point are: 0.64 to 0.99g/ml, 0.15 to 0.24%, 9.00 to 25.5°C, 170.5 to 204.5°C and 18.0 to 28.5°C, respectively. However, the study showed that both the physical and chemical composition of tigernut oil were affected by the extraction methods used in this study.

scholarly journals Temporal and spatial variations of aerosol physical and chemical properties over West Africa: AMMA aircraft campaign in summer 2006

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 4463-4500 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Matsuki ◽  
B. Quennehen ◽  
A. Schwarzenboeck ◽  
S. Crumeyrolle ◽  
H. Venzac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
West African Monsoon ◽  
West African ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
African Monsoon ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Aitken Mode ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract. While West Africa is recognized as being one of the global hot-spots of atmospheric aerosols, the presence of West African Monsoon is expected to create significant spatial and temporal variations in the regional aerosol properties through mixing particles from various sources (mineral dust, biomass burning, sulfates, sea salt). To improve our understanding of the complexity of the aerosol-cloud system in that region, the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) project has been launched, providing valuable data sets of in-situ and remote sensing measurements including satellites for extended modeling. The French ATR-42 research aircraft was deployed in Niamey, Niger (13°30' N, 02°05' E) in summer 2006, during the three special observation periods (SOPs) of AMMA. These three SOPs covered both dry and wet periods before and after the onset of the Western African Monsoon. State of the art physico-chemical aerosol measurements on the ATR-42 showed a notable seasonal transition in averaged number size distributions where (i) the Aitken mode is dominating over the accumulation mode during the dry season preceding the monsoon arrival and (ii) the accumulation mode increasingly gained importance after the onset of the West African monsoon and even dominated the Aitken mode after the monsoon had fully developed. An extended analysis of the vertical dependence of size spectra, comparing the three observation periods, revealed that the decreasing concentration of the Aitken mode particles, as we move from SOP1 (June) to SOP2a1 (July), and SOP2a2 (August), was less pronounced in the monsoon layer as compared to the overlying Saharan dust layer and free troposphere. In order to facilitate to all partners within the AMMA community radiative transfer calculations, validation of satellite remote sensors, and detailed transport modeling, the parameters describing the mean log-normally fitted number size distributions as a function of altitude and special observation periods were summarized and subsequently related to simultaneously performed measurements of major aerosol particle chemical composition. Extended TEM-EDX analysis of the chemical composition of single aerosol particles revealed dominance of mineral dust (aluminosilicate) even in the submicron particle size range during the dry period, gradually replaced by prevailing biomass burning and sulfate particles, after the onset the monsoon period. The spatial and temporal evolution from SOP1 to SOP2a1 and SOP2a2 of the particle physical and chemical properties and associated aerosol hygroscopic properties are remarkably consistent.

scholarly journals Anatomical characterization, physical, and chemical properties of wood of Quercus macdougallii Martínez, endemic species of the Sierra Juárez of Oaxaca, Mexico

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 5975-5998
Author(s):  
Faustino Ruiz-Aquino ◽  
Lizbeth Luna-Bautista ◽  
Aremi E. Luna-Bautista ◽  
Wenceslao Santiago-García ◽  
Luis F. Pintor-Ibarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Cellulose Pulp ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
First Time ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The anatomical characteristics and the physical and chemical properties of wood of Quercus macdougallii Martínez are presented for the first time. Q. macdougallii Martínez is an endemic species of the Sierra Juarez of Oaxaca. The microscopic characteristics were described in preparations of typical cuts and dissociated material. The physical properties were evaluated according to the ASTM D 143-94 standard in sapwood and heartwood specimens. The measurable elements and physical properties were classified according to the mean. With the measurable elements, the paper pulp quality index was determined. In sapwood and heartwood, the basic chemical composition was determined. The wood of Q. macdougallii presented a pronounced grain, a thick texture, and a straight thread. Fibers, fibrotracheids, uniseriate, multiseriate, and aggregate rays were found. Basic density 0.55 g cm-3 in sapwood and 0.61 g cm-3 in heartwood is classified as moderately heavy and heavy, respectively. The saturation point of the fiber is classified as high. Based on its physical properties, Q. macdougallii wood can be used in the manufacture of furniture, veneer, floors, tool handles, and construction. Based on the pulp quality indices and chemical composition, this wood could be used to obtain cellulose pulp for paper.

scholarly journals Impact of cloud processes on aerosol particle properties: results from two ATR-42 flights in an extended stratocumulus cloud layer during the EUCAARI campaign (2008)

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 33229-33271 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Crumeyrolle ◽  
R. Weigel ◽  
K. Sellegri ◽  
G. Roberts ◽  
L. Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cloud Layer ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Close Vicinity ◽  
Cloud Processing ◽  
Aerosol Cloud ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract. Within the European Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions (EUCAARI) project, the Meteo France research aircraft ATR-42 was operated from Rotterdam airport during May 2008, to perform scientific flights dedicated to the investigation of aerosol-cloud interactions. Therein, the objective of this study is to illustrate the impact of cloud processing on the aerosol particles physical and chemical properties. The presented results are retrieved from measurements during a double-flight mission from Rotterdam (Netherlands) to Newcastle (UK) and back using data measured with compact Time of Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (cToF-AMS) and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). Cloud-related measurements during these flights were performed over the North Sea within as well as in close vicinity of a marine stratocumulus cloud layer. Particle physical and chemical properties observed in the close vicinity (V), below and above the stratocumulus cloud show strong differences. Firstly, measurements at constant altitude above the cloud layer show decreasing mass concentrations with decreasing horizontal distance (210–0 km) to the cloud layer by a factor up to 7, whereas below the cloud and by same means of distance, the mass concentrations merely decrease by a factor of 2 on average. Secondly, the averaged aerosol size distributions, observed above and below the cloud layer, are of bimodal character with pronounced minima between Aitken and accumulation mode which is potentially the consequence of cloud processing. Finally, the chemical composition of aerosol particles is strongly dependent on the location relative to the cloud layer (vicinity or below/above cloud). In general, the nitrate and organic fractions decrease with decreasing distance to the cloud, in the transit from cloud–free conditions towards the cloud boundaries. The decrease of nitrate and organic compounds ranges at a factor of three to ten, affecting sulfate and ammonium compounds to be increasingly abundant in the aerosol chemical composition while approaching the cloud layer. Finally, the chemical composition of non-refractory evaporated cloud droplets measured within the cloud shows increased fractions of nitrate and organics (with respect to concentrations found below clouds), but also large amounts of sulfate, thus, related to activation of particles, made up of soluble compounds.

scholarly journals Marine-Derived Collagen as Biomaterials for Human Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Xu ◽  
Xue-Liang Peng ◽  
Hao-Ru Li ◽  
Jia-Xuan Liu ◽  
Ji-Si-Yu Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Fish Scales ◽  
The One ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Collagen is a kind of biocompatible protein material, which is widely used in medical tissue engineering, drug delivery, cosmetics, food and other fields. Because of its wide source, low extraction cost and good physical and chemical properties, it has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. However, the application of collagen derived from terrestrial organisms is limited due to the existence of diseases, religious beliefs and other problems. Therefore, exploring a wider range of sources of collagen has become one of the main topics for researchers. Marine-derived collagen (MDC) stands out because it comes from a variety of sources and avoids issues such as religion. On the one hand, this paper summarized the sources, extraction methods and characteristics of MDC, and on the other hand, it summarized the application of MDC in the above fields. And on the basis of the review, we found that MDC can not only be extracted from marine organisms, but also from the wastes of some marine organisms, such as fish scales. This makes further use of seafood resources and increases the application prospect of MDC.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Uzbekistan's Basalts and Ways of Solutions to the Problems of Choice of Raw Processing Directions

Land Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. p59
Author(s):  
Nurmatov J. T. ◽  
Kurbanov A. A. ◽  
Rashidova R. K.
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Test Report ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Common ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This article highlights the common use of petrographic processes in basalt processing. At present, basalt is being processed by liquefaction only. Heat fibers, tiles, cement, fittings, and nets are taken from the basalt. For this reason this article states that the range of products to be purchased is small. And to increase the assortment, it is proved by the fact that basalt basin should not be confined to liquefied processing. Chemical composition of basalt. Depending on the chemical composition of the basalt, the technology of their processing is selected and determined. The article is based on the same principle that the dry method of drying basalt without liquefaction is put forward. Below are the names of products that can be obtained on dry bases processing. This is justified by the fact that it increases the range of basalt products. However, it is advisable to follow two methods of basalt processing in the future. These methods, which are recommended by the authors, have undergone a production trial and received positive assessments; the test report has also been presented.

Structural differences in the egg envelopes of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae)

Parasitology ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Waller
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Absolute Alcohol ◽  
Egg Envelope ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Egg Envelopes ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Many studies have been carried out on the structure and chemical composition of trematode and cestode egg envelopes. Among the nematodes, much work has been done on the eggs of ascarids but there have been few studies on the egg envelopes of species in the Superfamily Trichostrongyloidea. Zawadowsky et al. (1929) reported on the biology of five species of this family, namely Trichostrongylus instabilis (T. colubriformis), T. extenuatus (T. axei), T. probolurus, Cooperia pectinata and Ostertagia mentulata. They described the egg envelope as consisting of three or possibly four layers. The physical and chemical properties of these layers were investigated and these workers concluded that the structure of the egg envelope was similar to that of Ascaris. However, the solubility of the inner layer differed from that of Ascaris in dissolving only partially in absolute alcohol and very little in ether.

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