scholarly journals Fluoride Contamination Studies in Belchampa Pratappur Villages of Garhwa District Jharkhand

2020 ◽  
pp. 246-253
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Fluoride Contamination ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Dental And Skeletal Fluorosis ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Tube Wells ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Admissible Limit

Belchampa-Pratappur villages about 8 Kms towards East from district head-quarter Garhwa has been undertaken to study the groundwater quality, especially fluoride contamination. These places are situated on the border of the Garhwa and Palamu district. Bishrampur is the prominent place lying to about 11 km east of area under consideration. The area is underlain mostly by granite and gneisses. Fluoride containing minerals as indeed Fluorite, apatite, different amphiboles and micas occur in association with these rocks. 18 Groundwater samples during Pre-and Post-monsoon have been collected from tube wells and analyzed for major cation ( Ca+2,Mg+2,Na+,K+) and anion(HCO3-, Cl-,SO42-,F-) in addition to fluoride. Fluoride concentration as high as 5 mg/l has been found in many samplesof groundwater in the area, which is above the admissible limit of 1.5 mg/l (WHO). The inhabitants of these two villages belong to very poor economic background and of diverse communities. Many people of these villages are fluoride affected. Dental and Skeletal fluorosis is common in the area, which is very alarming. The total dissolved solid (T.D.S.) is also found to be much higher, at many places. It ranges from 586 mg/l to 408 mg/l in pre-monsoon and 736 mg/l to 194 mg/l in post monsoon season respectively. Consequently the electrical conductivity is also much higher at several places which ranges from 915 micro mhos/cm to 637 micro mhos/cm at 250C in pre-monsoon and 1150 micro mhos/cm to 303 micro mhos/cm in post-monsoon season respectively.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation of Arsenic Concentration in Ground Water of Nawalparasi District of Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajib Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Dipak Regmi ◽  
Bhim P. Kafle
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Arsenic Contamination ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Very High

Ground water of southern part of Nepal, also known as Terai region where population density is relatively very high, has been contaminated with poisonous element Arsenic. This study has been carried out to determine variability of the level of arsenic contamination in groundwater with seasons of Pathkhauli village of Devgaun VDC and Mahuwa village of Manari VDC in Nawalparasi district, the western Terai district. Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (HG-AAS) and UV-visible Spectrophotometry was used for analysis. Total 55 groundwater samples in post-monsoon season and 45 groundwater samples in pre-monsoon season were collected. The level of arsenic contamination in groundwater was found above the Nepal interim standard of 50 ppb. Of the total 42 water samples from each pre- and post- monsoon seasons analyzed, 28 water samples (67.67%) showed higher As-concentration in pre-monsoon season. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i1.9477   Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 2(1): 59-63 

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical characterisation and appraisal of groundwater suitability for domestic and irrigational purposes in a semi-arid region, Karnataka state, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Mohammed-Aslam ◽  
Syed Shams Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Salinity Hazard ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Karnataka State ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Semi Arid Region

AbstractHydrogeochemical investigations have been carried out in a semi-arid region of Aland taluk of Karnataka State, India. The analysis has been done to examine the quality of groundwater for drinking, domestic and irrigational purposes. In this concern, thirty-two groundwater samples were collected in pre-monsoon (April 2016) and post-monsoon season (November 2016), from the different location within the study area. These samples have been further analysed for different ions such as CO32−, HCO3−, NO3−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ Fe2+, SO42−, Clˉ and F− to evaluate the hydrochemical behaviour with SSP (sodium soluble percentage), SAR (sodium absorption ratio), % Na (percentage sodium), RSC (residual sodium carbonate), KR (Kelly’s ratio), PI (permeability index) and MH (magnesium hazards). These positive and negative ions have been further correlated with the maximum annual rainfall within the study area to find out the variations between these ions for the precipitation. Suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes around the catchment was not suitable except in a few places. Irrigational suitability of groundwater showed that the water is within the limit for irrigation except in a few locations. Wilcox diagram depicts that 90% of the pre-monsoon samples and 65% of the post-monsoon samples fell into excellent to good category zone. US salinity diagram explains that 71% of pre-monsoon samples belong to medium-salinity-hazard to low-sodium-content zones, whereas 50% of post-monsoon samples fall into high-salinity-hazard to low-sodium-content zone. Gibbs’s plot showed that the water–rock processes control the geochemistry of the Aland region in both monsoon seasons. Chadha’s diagram depicts that 56.25% of the groundwater samples fall under the subfield of Ca2+–Mg2+–Cl− water type with permanent hardness during pre-monsoon season, whereas 50% of groundwater samples falls under the subfield of Ca2+–Mg2+–HCO3− water type with temporary hardness during post-monsoon season.

scholarly journals A hydrogeochemical approach to evaluate groundwater quality in the vicinity of three tributaries of the Beas River, North-West India

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasdeep Singh ◽  
Simerpreet Kaur Sehgal ◽  
Kuldip Singh ◽  
Didar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
North West ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Ussl Diagram

AbstractThe present study focused on the seasonal investigation of hydro-geochemical characteristics of groundwater samples collected from the vicinity of three tributaries of the Beas River, Punjab, India. Total 45 samples were analyzed during the pre- and post-monsoon season for physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals along with health risk assessment. Results revealed that the majority of samples were below the permissible limits set by the BIS and WHO. The relative abundance of major cations was Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ and Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+, while that of the major anions was HCO3− > SO42− > Cl− > CO32− in the pre- and post-monsoon season, respectively. Groundwater was alkaline and hard in nature at most of the sites. Bicarbonate content exceeded the desirable limit having an average concentration of 337.26 mg/L and 391.48 mg/L, respectively, during the pre- and post-monsoon season. Tukey’s multiple comparison test was applied for finding significant differences among samples at p < 0.05. The dominant hydrochemical face of water was Ca–Mg–HCO3 type. US salinity (USSL) diagram indicated that during the pre-monsoon, 48.9% samples were C2S1 type and remaining 51.1% were C3S1 type while during the post-monsoon all samples were C3S1 type. It indicates that groundwater of the study area is at risk of salinity hazards in future and is not to be ignored. Such monitoring studies are recommended to design future safety plans to combat soil and human health risks.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Characteristics of Groundwater - Assessment of Saltwater Intrusion Along Krishna Godavari Delta Region, Andhra Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kannan Rajaiah ◽  
K.Appala naidu ◽  
Abhrankash Kanungo ◽  
M.V.Ramana Murty ◽  
K.V. Ramana
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Geochemical Parameters ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Groundwater Assessment ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Dug Wells

Abstract The Intrusion of saltwater into a freshwater aquifer is of particular concern to the coastal community. Removal of excess groundwater from the shallow aquifers is known to be the primary cause of contamination by saltwater. In this study, groundwater samples were obtained in the 2016 and 2017 pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons at 105 locations from dug wells and bore wells along the coast of Andhra Pradesh in the Krishna and Godavari deltas. Groundwater samples are tested for large ions to determine the infiltration of salt water and to classify the salinity sources in the delta zone. The Various hydro-geochemical parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, CO3, HCO3-, Cl-, and SO42- are evaluated for the delineation of the intrusion of saltwater in terms of Ca2+/ Mg2+, Cl-/(CO3+ HCO3-), Na+/Cl- ratios. It is reported that the availability of fresh groundwater is 14%and 62% respectively during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The percentage levels of contamination in groundwater for slight, moderate, injuriously, highly, and severely categories are 43%, 22%, 12%, 8%, and 1% respectively for pre-monsoon season. However, during the post-monsoon season, the levels of contaminations in the above- mentioned categories are 22%, 9%, 4%, 1%, and 3%. The extent of contamination during the post-monsoon season is observed to be lower than during the pre-monsoon. The groundwater ratio of Na+- Cl− during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons is 71%and 60% respectively. The Saltwater Mixing Index (SMI) is also measured, and extremely high is found.

Heavy metal pollution assessment and its indexing approach for drinking water around inactive mine sites, Southwestern region of Cuddapah Basin, South India.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudharshan Reddy Yenugu ◽  
Sunitha Vangala ◽  
Suvarna Badri
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Cuddapah Basin ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Post Monsoon Season

Abstract Hazardous compounds in aquifers, especially potentially toxic heavy metals, are a major environmental and socioeconomic problem around the world. Hence, the study is intense to quantify, for the first time, the pollution status and ecological risk of heavy metals around inactive mining sites in the Southwestern (SW) region of Cuddapah Basin. Ten heavy metals, including arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and strontium (Sr) were investigated for a total of 50 groundwater samples of this study. The findings of the study revealed that arsenic (0-60.5 and o.56.3 µg/L), cadmium (0-28.1 and 0.31.1 µg/L), nickel (0-110.2 and 0–99 µg/L)), lead (0-175.6 and 0-92.3), Strontium (0-1150 and 0-1440 µg/L) concentrations are above the acceptable levels in both pre and post – monsoon seasons. The Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI), Heavy Metal Evolution Index (HEI) and Degree of contamination (DOC) are applied to assess hazardous metal pollution in drinking water of this area. According to HPI values 17.5 % and 10% of samples fall under high pollution index; as per the classes of HEI, 95 % and 100% of samples fall under low pollution class during the pre and post-monsoon season. According to DOC, all groundwater samples fall in a low zone. As per ecological risk classification, 90% of the samples cause extreme high ecological risk in pre & post-monsoon season in the study area.

scholarly journals Assessment of Trophic Responses of a Reservoir to Seasonal and Annual Variations in Monsoon

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2117
Author(s):  
Su-mi Kim ◽  
Hyun-su Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Phytoplankton Growth ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
State Index

The variations in water quality parameters and trophic status of a multipurpose reservoir in response to changing intensity of monsoon rain was investigated by applying a trophic state index deviation (TSID) analysis and an empirical regression model to the data collected in two periods from 2014 to 2017. The reservoir in general maintained mesotrophic conditions, and Carlson’s trophic state index (TSIc) was affected most by TSITP. Nutrient concentrations, particularly phosphorus, did not show strong correlations with precipitation, particularly in the period with weak monsoon, and a significant increase in total phosphorus (TP) was observed in Spring 2015, indicating the possibility of internal phosphorus loading under decreased depth and stability of water body due to a lack of precipitation. TSIChl was higher than TSISD in most data in period 1 when a negligible increase in precipitation was observed in the monsoon season while a significant fraction in period 2 showed the opposite trend. Phytoplankton growth was not limited by nutrient limitation although nutrient ratios (N/P) of most samples were significantly higher than 20, indicating phosphorus-limited condition. TSID and regression analysis indicated that phytoplankton growth was limited by zooplankton grazing in the Spring, and that cell concentrations and community structure in the monsoon and post-monsoon season were controlled by the changing intensity of the monsoon, as evidenced by the positive and negative relationships between community size and cyanobacterial population with the amount of precipitation in the Summer, respectively. The possibility of contribution from internal loading and an increase in cyanobacterial population associated with weak monsoon, in addition to potential for nutrient enrichment in the post-monsoon season, implies a need for the application of more stringent water quality management in the reservoir that can handle all potential scenarios of eutrophication.

A Study on Prevalence and Seasonal Distribution of Dengue at a Tertiary Care Centre of North India

Healthline ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Arti Agrawal ◽  
Vikas Kumar ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Neha K Mani
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
North India ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Male Preponderance

Introduction: Dengue virus infection is a major public health issue prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical countries all over the world mostly in urban and semi-urban areas. WHO estimates about 50-100 million dengue infections worldwide every year. The present study is aimed to assess the prevalence and seasonal distribution of dengue disease during three consecutive years from 2016-2018 at a tertiary care centre of North India. Method: This is an observational retrospective study conducted on total 6,481 clinical suspected cases referred from indoor and outdoor departments of Medicine and Pediatrics of one of the medical colleges of Agra during the period from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2018. Results: The maximum positivity was recorded in the year 2016 (16.66%), followed by 2017 (14.07%) and 2018(13.56%).Our study shows male preponderance with maximum cases in the year 2018 was recorded in the month of October (22.75%) whereas the lowest in the month of May (1.96%). Most of the cases were in the age group 0-30 years with a male preponderance. The outbreak occurred during the months of August to November indicating vector transmission in the monsoon and post-monsoon season. Conclusion: From the analysis, this study reflects that the numbers of dengue cases in 2016 were maximum and outnumbered the dengue cases among three consecutive years from 2016 to 2018. The peak in dengue positivity was observed during September to October. As this disease affects the population in the monsoon and post monsoon months therefore continuous monitoring of dengue infection is important during the post-monsoon season.

scholarly journals Seasonal Nature and Trends of Tropical Cyclone Frequency and Intensity over the North Indian Ocean

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-534
Author(s):  
Abhisek Pal ◽  
Soumendu Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
North Indian Ocean ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
The North ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Cyclone Frequency

Tropical cyclone (TC) genesis over the North Indian Ocean (NIO) region showed significant amount of both spatial and temporal variability.It was observed that the TC genesis was significantly suppressed during the monsoon (June-September) compared to pre-monsoon (March-May) and post-monsoon (October-December) season specifically in terms of severe cyclonic storms (SCS) frequency. The Bay of Bengal (BoB) was characterized by higher TC frequency but lower intensity compared to the Arabian Sea (AS). It was also observed that the TC genesis locations were shifted significantly seasonally.The movement of the TCs also portrayed some significant seasonal differences. The pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season was responsible for generating TCs with higher values of accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) compared to the monsoon. The time series of TC frequency showed a statistically significant decreasing trend whereas the time series of ACE showed astatistically significant increasing trend over the NIO.

scholarly journals Dragonflies and damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) of the Kole Wetlands, central Kerala, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 17963-17971
Author(s):  
A. Vivek Chandran ◽  
Subin K. Jose ◽  
Sujith V. Gopalan
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Ramsar Site ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season

A year-long study was conducted at the Kole Wetlands, a Ramsar site in central Kerala to document the diversity of dragonflies and damselflies and understand their seasonality.  Checklist survey method was used to sample adult odonates in 30 randomly chosen locations.  A total of 44 species (30 dragonflies and 14 damselflies) belonging to 33 genera and eight families were recorded in the study area.  Species richness showed a peak in the post-monsoon season and a dip in the summer.  The observations support the value of the Kole Wetlands in providing valuable resources for Odonata.

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