scholarly journals Late middle Miocene Konan flora from northern Hokkaido, Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 259-295
Author(s):  
Atsufumi Narita ◽  
Atsushi Yabe ◽  
Kazuhiko Uemura ◽  
Midori Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Late Miocene ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Plant Macrofossils ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Relict Species ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Late Middle Miocene ◽  
Cool Temperate

Plant macrofossils from the upper middle Miocene Konan Tuffaceous Sandstone and Mudstone Member of the Bifuka Formation, known as the Konan flora, northwest of Shibetsu City, Hokkaido, Japan, were taxonomically revised. A total of 31 taxa were recognized, which were assigned to 14 families and 19 genera, including a new fossil species, Salix palaeofutura sp. nov. The Konan flora includes three taxa of evergreen conifers, one perennial monocot herb and 27 deciduous dicots. The most abundant and common species were Fagus palaeojaponica, Acer subcarpinifolium, Acer protojaponicum, Picea sp. A and Cercidiphyllum crenatum, in addition to a number of species of the Betulaceae and Salicaceae. From the absence of evergreen angiosperms as well as the common occurrence of Fagus palaeojaponica, Picea, Acer and Betulaceae species, this flora was comparable to that seen in the modern Mixed Northern Hardwood Forest of East Asia, which is distributed in northernmost Honshu and extends toward lowland Hokkaido. On the basis of floral features, mode of occurrence, and the lithology of plant-bearing beds, the Konan flora was deemed to represent mountain to riverside vegetation with humid and cool temperate climatic conditions. In contrast to the early to late Miocene floras in Japan, the Konan flora belongs to the late Miocene–Pliocene Mitoku-type flora, with a few relict species from the early Miocene. The Konan flora represents one of the earliest occurrences of this type of flora, suggesting that floral modernization was initiated much earlier in areas with humid and cool temperate climate than previously thought.

scholarly journals The distribution of <i>Triebelina raripila</i> and <i>Carinocythereis carinata</i> (Ostracoda) from the Middle Miocene of the Central Paratethys and their palaeogeographic implications

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Szczechura
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Central Paratethys ◽  
Eastern Paratethys ◽  
Main Species ◽  
Late Middle Miocene ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. Late Middle Miocene (Upper Badenian) strata of the Fore-Carpathian Depression of Poland yield a shallow-water ostracod fauna which contains the species Triebelina raripila (G. W. Müller, 1894) and Carinocythereis carinata (Roemer, 1838). The palaeobiogeographic distribution of the two main species suggests, that in the late Middle Miocene, Central Paratethys was still connected to the Mediterranean, although still separated from the Eastern Paratethys and from southeastern Eurasia. The continuous occurrence of Triebelina raripila and Carinocythereis carinata in the Mediterranean basins, from the Early Miocene to Recent, indicates that marine conditions existed throughout, thereby allowing them to survive the Late Miocene salinity crisis.

Activity times and body temperature in Australian copperheads (Serpentes : Elapidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlef H. Rohr ◽  
Brian S. Malone
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Active Season ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Cool Temperate ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Activity Times

Local climatic conditions influence the way in which ectotherms regulate their body temperature and activity. We examined correlations between local climatic conditions, body temperature and activity in adult, basking lowland copperheads (Austrelaps superbus) from two localities (warm-temperate versus cool-temperate) in south-eastern Australia. We also collected data from highland copperheads (Austrelaps ramsayi) at a locality with cold-temperate climate. We found that across the active season, mean body temperatures were similar among localities (approximately 27˚C) irrespective of species. In contrast, activity times differed. Cool-temperate A. superbus emerged earlier in spring and in the morning and retreated earlier in the evening and in autumn than their conspecifics from the warm-temperate locality. Spring emergence was correlated with yearly fluctuations in thermal conditions, suggesting that activity times depend on environmental temperatures. Predator–prey interactions influenced body temperature and activity to some extent in spring when warm-temperate A. superbus with relatively low body temperatures (as low as 18.5˚C) were captured around ponds in which they had been foraging for frogs. Austrelaps ramsayi from the cold-temperate locality not only displayed a later emergence in spring and reduced daily activity times compared with warm and cool-temperate A. superbus but also compared with A. ramsayi, as reported from a warmer locality in eastern Australia. These data indicate that activity times vary on a geographic basis while snake body temperatures largely remain inflexible. The surprising exception was that cold-temperate A. ramsayi retreated later in autumn than cool-temperate A. superbus, and at that time they showed body temperatures as low as 12.5˚C, well below those we had recorded for A. superbus. We suggest that A. ramsayi retreat later in autumn because they need to extend their reproductive season and that this is mediated via adaptive changes in the critical minimum body temperature, as has been reported for other snakes.

The Inachoididae spider crabs (Crustacea, Brachyura) from the Neogene of the tropical Americas

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Daniel Lima ◽  
Orangel Aguilera ◽  
Marcos Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Late Miocene ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Central American ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
North Brazil ◽  
Tropical America

Abstract The spider crabs Willinachoides santanai n. gen. n. sp. from the early-middle Miocene of north Brazil and Paradasygyius rodriguezi n. sp. from the late Miocene of Venezuela are described and illustrated. Additionally, Eoinachoides senni Van Straelen, 1933, from the late Oligocene–early Miocene of Venezuela, is redescribed based on photographs of the holotype, and the diagnosis of Eoinachoides latispinosus Carriol, Muizon, and Secretan, 1987, from the late Miocene of Peru, is emended also on the basis of photographs of the holotype. The past distribution points to a Tethyan background for the current amphi-American Inachoididae, with the oldest fossil species known from the early Eocene Tethyan regions (Pakistan and Italy), and from the late Eocene–late Pliocene of the Americas. The high number of monotypic genera in Inachoididae could be the result of rapid dispersion followed by diversification during the Neogene of the tropical America, facilitated by global and regional events (e.g., eustatic sea level changes, the Mi-1 Oligocene-Miocene boundary global cooling, the global warming period of the Middle Miocene Climate maximum, closure of the Panama Isthmus, and marine incursions into the Amazon Basin). The shoaling and final closure of the Central American Seaway are thought to have critically affected the evolution of the inachoidids and shaped their current distribution patterns. UUID: http://zoobank.org/6275fdc4-4bfa-4873-9320-3143d4915172.

scholarly journals Three new fossil records of Equisetum (Equisetaceae) from the Neogene of south-western China and northern Vietnam

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aye Thida Aung ◽  
Jian Huang ◽  
Truong Van Do ◽  
Ai Song ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Western China ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Late Pliocene ◽  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
Fossil Records ◽  
Fibrous Roots

Three fossil species of Equisetum (Equisetaceae) were reported from the Neogene of south-western China and northern Vietnam, based on well-preserved rhizomes with tubers. Equisetum cf. pratense Ehrhart from the middle Miocene of Zhenyuan County, Yunnan Province, China is characterised by a bunch of three ovate tubers with longitudinal ridges on the surface. Equisetum yenbaiense A.T. Aung, T. Su, T.V. Do &amp; Z.K. Zhou, sp. nov. from the late Miocene of Yenbai Province, Vietnam is characterised by four bunches of elongate tubers arranged in a whorl on a node. Equisetum yongpingense A.T. Aung, T. Su &amp; Z.K. Zhou, sp. nov. from the late Pliocene of Yunnan is characterised by fibrous roots on most nodes and two to four bunches of large cylindrical tubers arranged in a whorl on a node. Floristic assemblages suggest that these species might have grown near a riverside or lakeshore. These new fossil records improve our understanding of species richness of Equisetum and their distribution range during the Neogene in Asia.

scholarly journals Tooth Marker of Ecological Abnormality: the Interpretation of Stress in Extinct Mega Herbivores (Proboscideans) of the Siwaliks of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ameen ◽  
Abdul Khan ◽  
Rana Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Ijaz ◽  
Muhammad Imran
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
Grassland Ecology

Climate effects habitat and define species physiology. Climatic regimes were different in past and adaptability of different species varied. Climate change causes certain stress on animal, recorded as Enamel Hypoplasia (EH). Proboscideans, the mega herbivores were extensively represented in the Siwaliks of Pakistan between Middle Miocene to Pleistocene (~15.2 – ~1.0Ma). The study is carried out on 15 species from 9 genera and 4 families using 319 teeth from 266 individual quarries. Our results revealed 20.06% (64/319) teeth infected by EH. Family Deinotheriidae faced higher stress during the terminal of middle Miocene (EH 25%). Dental structure indicate that this family preferred soft vegetation like C3 plants and failed to survive in grassland ecology at the onset of Late Miocene (~10-9 Ma). Gomphotheriids (EH 21.05%) and Stegodontids (EH 23.40%) survived through warm and dry climatic conditions of the Late Miocene, but could not survive the cool and dry climate of Plio-Pleistocene where grasslands were abundant with less browsing activity. Family Elephantidae (EH 8.75%) was successful in drier conditions, and utilized the exclusive C4 diet in open grasslands as efficient grazers, indicated by their tooth morphology. Elephantids were dominant of the proboscideans in open grassland and drier climate during Plio-Pleistocene in Indian subcontinent. We assume that change in the Siwalik climate was governed by microclimate as in the present day Siwaliks grasslands are widely distributed at low altitudes with lower mean annual precipitation and forestlands still persist in Myanmar and Nepal which receives more rainfall and have lower mean annual temperature.

Middle Miocene (∼14 Ma) and Late Miocene (∼6 Ma) Paleogeographic Boundary Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilin He ◽  
Zhongshi Zhang ◽  
Zhengtang Guo ◽  
Christopher R. Scotese ◽  
Chenglong Deng
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Middle Miocene

A new argyrolagoid (Mammalia: Marsupialia) from the middle Miocene of Bolivia

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Villarroel A. Carlos ◽  
Larry G. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Late Miocene ◽  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Northwest Argentina ◽  
The Family ◽  
Size And Structure

A new argyrolagoid marsupial, Hondalagus altiplanensis n. gen., n. sp., from the middle Miocene (Santacrucian–Friasian) age locality of Quebrada Honda in southernmost Bolivia represents the smallest and most specialized member of the family Argyrolagidae known. The lower molars are hypselodont and lack vertical grooves labially and lingually, and M4 is greatly reduced relative to M3. In overall size and structure, H. altiplanensis compares best with Microtragulus catamarcensis (Kraglievich, 1931) from rocks of late Miocene (Huayquerian) age in northwest Argentina. Hondalagus altiplanensis demonstrates that the adaptive radiation of argyrolagoids was much greater than previously envisioned, and that generic differentiation of known taxa occurred no later than early–middle Miocene time in South America.

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