scholarly journals Global earthquakes in the 2021 first half according to the GS RAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-27
Author(s):  
Yuri Vinogradov ◽  
Marina Ryzhikova ◽  
Natalia Petrova ◽  
Svetlana Poygina ◽  
Marina Kolomiets
Keyword(s):  
Main Shock ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Focal Mechanisms ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
The North ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Northern Mongolia ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
North Western

Data on the 2021 first half Earth seismicity at the level of strong earthquakes with magni-tudes mb6.0 according to the Alert Service of the Geophysical Survey RAS are given. The review also includes information on 81 earthquakes in Russia and adjacent territories, felt in the settlements of the Russian Federation. For 14 strong earthquakes, within one or two days after their occurrence, Informational messages were published, and information about the focal mechanisms was giving. The strongest earthquake of the Earth with MS=7.8 (Mw=8.1) occurred on March 4 at the Kermadec Islands, New Zealand. The largest human casualties and material damage during the study period were caused by catastrophic earth-quakes with MS=5.1 (Mw=5.8) and MS=5.9 (Mw=6.3), which occurred on January 14 at the Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. As a result of the earthquakes, 81 people died, 826 were injured. The strongest earthquake in Russia was the March 16 earthquake with MS=6.7 (Mw=6.6) off the eastern coast of Kamchatka. The maximum shaking intensity in Russia (I=6) was manifested by the strong Khuvsgul earthquake with MS=7.2 (Mw=6.8), which took place on January 11 in the Northern Mongolia, near the border with Russia. The position of the main shock and its aftershocks indicate the intensification of the seismic process in the north-western part of the Khuvsgul rift zone. According to the focal mechanisms of the main shock and two strong aftershocks, the stress of the northwest/southeast extension prevails in this zone, and the predominant slip type along the faults of the northeast strike is a nor-mal fault. The global seismic energy released in the 2021 first half remains, as in the previ-ous two years, at a reduced level, relative to the average for the last 11.5 years, which indi-cates a continuing seismic calm.

scholarly journals Global earthquakes in the 2020 second half according to the GS RAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-26
Author(s):  
Yuri Vinogradov ◽  
Mariya Ryzhikova ◽  
Natalia Petrov ◽  
Svetlana Poygina ◽  
Marina Kolomiets
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Focal Mechanisms ◽  
Intraplate Earthquake ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Tatar Strait ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Deformation Processes ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Deep Focus

The data on the seismicity of the Earth in the second half of 2020 at the level of strong earthquakes with magnitudes mb≥6.0 are given according to the data of the Alert Service of the Geophysical Survey RAS. The review also includes information on 54 tangible earthquakes in Russia and five earthquakes in adjacent territories that were felt in the settlements of the Russian Federation. Two of 67 strong earthquakes of the Earth with mb≥6.0 for the period under consideration were registered in the territory of Russia. For 15 strong earthquakes, the Alert Service published Information Messages within one or two days after their occurrence, for 14 earthquakes the information on focal mechanisms is provided. The strongest earthquake of the Earth with MS=7.9 occurred on July, 22 in the region of the Alaska Peninsula. The maximum human casualties and material damage during the study period were the result of the catastrophic intraplate earthquake with MS=6.8, which occurred on October, 30 in the Aegean Sea, near the Samos Island. As a result of the earthquake, 117 people died, 1054 were injured. The strongest earthquake on the territory of Russia was the deep-focus one with mb=6.4, which took place on November, 30 in the Tatar Strait, separating Sakhalin Island from continental Eurasia. The crustal Bystrinsk earthquake on September, 21 with MS=5.2, which occurred in the area of Lake Baikal, was felt with a maximum intensity I=6–7 on the territory of Russia. Comparative analysis of the rate of seismic energy released in the Globe in 2010-2020 showed that its value in the second half of 2020, as well as for 2019-2020 on average, is one of the lowest for the eleven-year period and indicates a seismic calm, which should be replaced by a period of intensification of global seismic and deformation processes

scholarly journals GLOBAL EARTHQUAKES

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Poygina ◽  
Nataliya Petrova ◽  
N. Boldyreva
Keyword(s):  
Upper Mantle ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Focal Mechanisms ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Plate Movement ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
Maximum Earthquake

The information on the Earth seismicity in 2013 at the level of strong earthquakes with M≥6 is provided according to the Seismological Bulletin of the Geophysical Survey of RAS (GS RAS). The initial Seismo-logical Bulletin for 2013 contains parameters of 4212 earthquakes in the world, versus 4845 in 2012. This article analyzes parameters of 160 strong earthquakes of the Earth in 2013 with M≥6, including 24 strongest earthquakes with M≥7 and the maximum earthquake of the Earth with Mw8.3 occurred in Okhotsk Sea, as well as four earthquakes with M6.0–6.8, which resulted in significant sacrifices and destructions. The location of earthquake epicenters and seismic stations, whose data were used to deter-mine the main parameters of earthquake foci, are shown, as well as a comparative analysis of the number of earthquakes and seismic energy released within the Earth's seismic regions is given. The information on focal mechanisms and consequences of 28 strongest earthquakes, including macroseismic effect, number of victims, landslides, tsunamis, etc. is given. The epicenters of most of them are confined to the boundaries of the largest tectonic plates of the Earth, and their focal mechanisms correspond to the basic laws of plate movement. The hypocenters of most of the strongest earthquakes are located within the Earth's crust, with the exception of earthquakes in Colombia, the Kuril Islands and south of the Fiji Is-lands, which had intermediate depths (h=98–171 km), and the strongest in 2013 Okhotsk earthquake, the source of which lay in the upper mantle at the depth of h=617 km. The movement in the source of the Okhotsk earthquake corresponds to the subduction process of the Pacific plate under the continent and indicates that the subducted plate is at the depth of 617 km.

scholarly journals Strong earthquakes in the Globe and Russia in the first half of 2020 according to the GS RAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Yuri Vinogradov ◽  
Mariya Ryzhikova ◽  
Svetlana Poygina ◽  
Natalia Petrova ◽  
Marina Kolomiets
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Focal Mechanisms ◽  
Material Damage ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Catastrophic Earthquake ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Kuril Islands

The data on the seismicity of the Earth in the first half of 2020 at the level of strong earthquakes with mb6 are presented according to the Earthquake Early Alert Service (EEAS) of the Geo-physical Survey RAS. The review also includes information on weaker but destructive earth-quakes in the world and tangible earthquakes in Russia. In total, 64 earthquakes with mb6 were registered in the first half of the year, including four events in Russia. For 18 strong earthquakes, the EEAS published Informational messages within one or two days after their occurrence, for 16 of them the information on focal mechanisms was given. A comparative analysis of the seismic energy released in the territory of the Globe showed that in the first half of 2020 its amount corresponds to the average values for the last three years. The strongest earthquakes with MS=7.7 occurred on January 28 in the Caribbean Sea and on June 23 in Mexico, accompanied by fore- and aftershocks. The largest human casualties and material damage during the study period were caused by the catastrophic earthquake with MS=6.6 that occurred on January 24 in Turkey. As a result of the earthquake, 41 people died, 1607 were injured. On the territory of Russia, the strongest earthquake with MS=7.5 occurred on March 25 east of the Kuril Islands and was felt in Severo-Kurilsk with an intensity Ii=5–6. A total of 47 tangible earthquakes with mb=3.6–7.2 were recorded in Russia.

MORBIDITY, MORTALITY AND RELIABILITY OF ACCOUNTING OF PATIENTS OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS WITH LIVER CANCER IN RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 240-245
Author(s):  
В. М. Мерабишвили ◽  
В. К. Гуркало ◽  
Э. Н. Мерабишвили
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Cancer Register ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
North Western

Рак печени (РП) - тяжелейшая онкопатология. В России смертность превышает число первично-учтенных больных в среднем. Ежегодно в России регистрируют более 8 тыс. (8 810 - в 2018 г.) случаев рака печени и более 10 тыс. (10 018 - в 2018 г.) случаев смерти от этой причины. Использованы стандартные методы медицинской статистики, все зарегистрированные первичные случаи РП в России. Углубленная разработка материала проведена на основе базы данных Популяционного ракового регистра Северо-Западного Федерального округа РФ. Проанализированы данные всего комплекса доступной информации в целом по России. Установлен прирост заболеваемости РП населения России за 18 лет в «грубых» показателях и абсолютных числах на 20% и в стандартизованных - на 1,22%. У женщин отмечено снижение учтенных случаев РП на 4,55%. Смертность населения России в стандартизованных показателях снизилась за 18 лет практически на 3%. Превышение числа умерших над заболевшими от РП существенно возрастает в старших возрастных группах. Индекс достоверности учета (ИДУ) - это отношение абсолютных чисел или «грубых» показателей смертности населения к заболеваемости. Для всех злокачественных новообразований (ЗНО) величина в среднем по России составила 0,47, практически совпадающая со среднеевропейской. ИДУ у мужчин - 0,55, выше расчетных показателей для женщин - 0,40, что в первую очередь связано с более благоприятной структурой заболеваемости женщин ЗНО. Медиана выживаемости первичных больных РП составляет немногим более 3 мес. Пятилетняя выживаемость больных РП даже на ранних стадиях составляет у лиц моложе 60 лет с I стадией - 25,3%, старше 60 лет - только 17,2%, со II стадией - 17,9 и 11% соответственно. Liver cancer is a severe oncopathology. Mortality exceeds the number of primary-accounted patients in Russia on average. Every year in Russia more than eight thousand (8 810 in 2018) cases of liver cancer and more than 10 000 (10 018 in 2018) deaths from this cause are registered. Used Standard methods of medical statistics, all registered primary cases of liver cancer in Russia. In-depth development of the material was carried out on the basis of the database of the Population cancer register of the North-Western Federal district of the Russian Federation. The analysis of the data of the whole complex of available information in Russia as a whole is carried out. In-depth data development was carried out on the basis of the database of the Population cancer register of the North-Western Federal district of the Russian Federation. The increase in the incidence of liver cancer in Russia over 18 years in «rough» indicators and absolute numbers by 20 % and in standardized by 1,22 % was established. In women, there was a decrease in reported cases of liver cancer by 4,55 %. The mortality rate of the Russian population in standardized indicators has decreased by almost 3 % over 18 years. The excess of the number of deaths over those from liver cancer increases significantly in older age groups. The index of reliability of accounting is the ratio of absolute numbers or «rough» indicators of mortality to morbidity. For all malignant tumors, its value on average in Russia was 0,47, almost coinciding with the average European. The index of reliability of accounting for men is 0,55, higher than the calculated indicators for women - 0,40, which is primarily due to a more favorable structure of the incidence of malignant tumors in women. The median survival of primary liver cancer patients is a little more than three months. The fi ve-year survival rate of patients with liver cancer even in the early stages is in the first among persons younger than 60 years - 25,3 %, over 60 years - only 17,2 %, in the second, respectively, 17,9 and 11%.

scholarly journals Results of ecological testing variety numbers of fiber-flax cultivars for yield and adaptability in the conditions of the non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Elena Alexandrovna Trabyrova ◽  
Aminat Msostovna Konova ◽  
Anna Yurievna Gavrilova ◽  
Svetlana Mikhailovna Zueva ◽  
Sergey Mikhailovich Chehalkov
Keyword(s):  
Western Region ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Fiber Flax ◽  
The North ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
State Register ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
North Western

The article presents the results of an ecological test of selection numbers of fiber-flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), bred in the conditions of the North-Western region, on the yield of flax fiber and the parameters of adaptability in the conditions of the Central Non-chernozem region. We tested 3 variety numbers: LS-1, LS-2 and LS-3. As a standard, we used a highly productive Impulse variety zoned in the region, of domestic selection, which was entered in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2003. According to the results of the studies, high adaptability in combination with potential productivity was obtained in the number of fiber-flax LS – 3 (1,14). Under variable meteorological conditions, the LS – 2 variety number and the Impulse variety had high resistance to stress (- 0.21 - 0.02, respectively). The most productive in contrast conditions was LS-3 (1.84 t / ha). The numbers LS – 1 (2.20) and LS – 3 (1.60) were the most responsive to the improvement of cultivation conditions.

scholarly journals GLOBAL EARTHQUAKES

2020 ◽  
pp. 235-243
Author(s):  
S. Poygina ◽  
Nataliya Petrova ◽  
N. Boldyreva
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Chinese Province ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Global Seismicity ◽  
Maximum Earthquake

The information on global seismicity in 2014 at the level of strong earthquakes with M≥6 according to the Seismological Bulletin of the Geophysical Survey of RAS (GS RAS) is provided. The original Seismological Bulletin for 2014 contains parameters of 3268 earthquakes in the world, versus 4212 in 2013. This article analyzes 165 earthquakes with M≥6, including 16 strongest earthquakes with M≥7, and five earthquakes with M6.0–6.7, which resulted in significant casualties and destruction. The information on focal mechanisms, macroseismic effect, the number of victims, tsunamis, etc. is given. A comparative analysis of the number of earthquakes and released seismic energy in different seismically active regions of the Earth showed that, as before, the Pacific region was the most seismically active. More than 96 % of common seismic energy was re-leased in the Pacific region, compared to 1.8 % in Eurasia, 1.3 % in Atlantic Ocean and 0.2 % in the Indian Ocean. The Earth’s maximum earthquake in 2014 occurred on April 1 with Mw=8.1 off shore of Chile. It was accompanied by numerous foreshocks and aftershocks. The maximum casualties and material damage in 2014 were caused by the catastrophic Ludian earthquake that occurred on August 3 with MS=6.2 in the Chinese province of Yunnan.

scholarly journals A project of creating atlas aftershocks of strong earthquakes

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
A. V. Guglielmi ◽  
A. D. Zavyalov ◽  
O. D. Zotov
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Problem ◽  
Strong Earthquake ◽  
Main Shock ◽  
Earthquake Source ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Omori Law ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Interesting Possibility ◽  
Source Physics

The Omori Law, which describes the repeated underground shocks after a strong earthquake, is written in the form of a nonlinear differential equation. An idea of the focal deactivation coefficient after the main shock is introduced. Two advantages of the new wording of the Omori Law are given. Firstly, there is an interesting possibility to naturally take into account exogenous and endogenous triggers affecting the earthquake source. Endogenous triggers in the form of round-the-world seismic echo and free oscillations of the Earth, excited by the main shock, are especially noted. The second advantage is that the differential aftershock equation makes it possible to put the reverse problem of the earthquake source physics. The essence of the inverse problem is to determine the deactivation coefficient from the data on the observed aftershock frequency. Examples of inverse problem solution are given. The project of creation of the Atlas of aftershocks on the basis of the solution of the inverse problem of the source, cooling down after a strong earthquake is offered.

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