scholarly journals Balancing Trade-Offs in the Detection of Schools at Risk

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Olof Savi ◽  
Ilja Cornelisz ◽  
Matthias J. Sjerps ◽  
Steffen L. Greup ◽  
Chris M. Bres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
School Inspections ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
Causal Impact ◽  
School Failures ◽  
The One

The quality assurance and evaluation of schools requires early risk-detection; a daunting task since school failures are typically rare and their origins complex. In the Netherlands, the Inspectorate of Education monitors the regulatory compliance of roughly 6000 primary schools, with limited resources and capacity, and a desire for proportionality. In order to aid their risk-based inspection method, we evaluate various case-based prediction models, and propose a principled exploit-explore procedure for organizing school inspections. This approach has the potential to balance the benefits of prioritizing inspections of presumed high-risk schools on the one hand, with the benefits of verifying predicted risks and causal impact evaluations of school inspections on the other.

scholarly journals Carabid Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Response to Soil Properties of Urban Wastelands in Warsaw, Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10673
Author(s):  
Axel Schwerk ◽  
Marzena Wińska-Krysiak ◽  
Arkadiusz Przybysz ◽  
Ewa Zaraś-Januszkiewicz ◽  
Piotr Sikorski
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Carabid Beetle ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
City Development ◽  
Space Management ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Beetle Assemblages ◽  
Trace Element Contamination ◽  
The One

Urban wasteland is of special interest to city planners. However, to integrate such areas into city space management with consideration of nature conservation aspects, a sound assessment of their ecological potential is necessary. The aim of this paper was to analyze whether carabid beetle assemblages of the wastelands are affected by soil parameters, particularly trace element contamination. Therefore, we studied the carabid fauna in relation to selected soil parameters on 56 sampling plots situated in 24 wastelands located in the city of Warsaw (Poland). The results have confirmed our assumptions that the number of species, as well as the number of individual carabid beetles, are negatively affected by an increasing amount of pollutants in the soil. Particularly, the trace elements Pb, Cu, and Cd showed a significantly negative impact. The results are of value when it comes to the use of urban wastelands in the context of sustainable city development. Future use of urban wastelands will be faced with trade-offs between the use for public interests (e.g., housing space) and ecological interests. Phytoremediation and entomoremediation may be included in decontamination measures. The results of studies, such as the one conducted by us, may help to select the respective wastelands for certain purposes.

scholarly journals Knowledge translation of prediction rules: methods to help health professionals understand their trade-offs

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hemming ◽  
M. Taljaard
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Prediction Rule ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Prediction Rules ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
Trade Offs

AbstractClinical prediction models are developed with the ultimate aim of improving patient outcomes, and are often turned into prediction rules (e.g. classifying people as low/high risk using cut-points of predicted risk) at some point during the development stage. Prediction rules often have reasonable ability to either rule-in or rule-out disease (or another event), but rarely both. When a prediction model is intended to be used as a prediction rule, conveying its performance using the C-statistic, the most commonly reported model performance measure, does not provide information on the magnitude of the trade-offs. Yet, it is important that these trade-offs are clear, for example, to health professionals who might implement the prediction rule. This can be viewed as a form of knowledge translation. When communicating information on trade-offs to patients and the public there is a large body of evidence that indicates natural frequencies are most easily understood, and one particularly well-received way of depicting the natural frequency information is to use population diagrams. There is also evidence that health professionals benefit from information presented in this way.Here we illustrate how the implications of the trade-offs associated with prediction rules can be more readily appreciated when using natural frequencies. We recommend that the reporting of the performance of prediction rules should (1) present information using natural frequencies across a range of cut-points to inform the choice of plausible cut-points and (2) when the prediction rule is recommended for clinical use at a particular cut-point the implications of the trade-offs are communicated using population diagrams. Using two existing prediction rules, we illustrate how these methods offer a means of effectively and transparently communicating essential information about trade-offs associated with prediction rules.

scholarly journals Learners Demographics Classification on MOOCs During the COVID-19: Author Profiling via Deep Learning Based on Semantic and Syntactic Representations

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahani Aljohani ◽  
Alexandra I. Cristea
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Directional Model ◽  
Textual Representations ◽  
The One

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have become universal learning resources, and the COVID-19 pandemic is rendering these platforms even more necessary. In this paper, we seek to improve Learner Profiling (LP), i.e. estimating the demographic characteristics of learners in MOOC platforms. We have focused on examining models which show promise elsewhere, but were never examined in the LP area (deep learning models) based on effective textual representations. As LP characteristics, we predict here the employment status of learners. We compare sequential and parallel ensemble deep learning architectures based on Convolutional Neural Networks and Recurrent Neural Networks, obtaining an average high accuracy of 96.3% for our best method. Next, we predict the gender of learners based on syntactic knowledge from the text. We compare different tree-structured Long-Short-Term Memory models (as state-of-the-art candidates) and provide our novel version of a Bi-directional composition function for existing architectures. In addition, we evaluate 18 different combinations of word-level encoding and sentence-level encoding functions. Based on these results, we show that our Bi-directional model outperforms all other models and the highest accuracy result among our models is the one based on the combination of FeedForward Neural Network and the Stack-augmented Parser-Interpreter Neural Network (82.60% prediction accuracy). We argue that our prediction models recommended for both demographics characteristics examined in this study can achieve high accuracy. This is additionally also the first time a sound methodological approach toward improving accuracy for learner demographics classification on MOOCs was proposed.

scholarly journals CLIL teachers in Finland

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotiria Pappa ◽  
Josephine Moate ◽  
Maria Ruohotie-Lehty ◽  
Anneli Eteläpelto
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Teacher Identity ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Foreign Language Teachers ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The One ◽  
Intuitive Sense

Research on emotions has yielded many theoretical perspectives and many concepts. Yet, most scholars have focused on how emotions influence the transformation and maintenance of teacher identities in the field of teacher education and novice teachers, with little research being conducted on either experienced or foreign language teachers. This study explores emotions in Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) teachers’ work and their role in identity negotiation. The data is based on interviews with thirteen CLIL teachers working at six different primary schools around Finland, while the analysis draws on Meijers’ (2002) model of identity as a learning process. According to this model, a perceived boundary experience usually generates negatively accented emotions, which are negotiated in light of one’s professional identity by means of two complementary processes, i.e. intuitive sense-giving and discursive meaning-giving. The predominant emotional experiences that were identified were, on the one hand, hurry and frustration, and on the other hand, contentment and empowerment. Intuitive sense-giving mostly entailed reasoning, self-reliance, resilience, and empathy. Discursive meaning-giving mostly entailed the ideas of autonomy and of the CLIL team. This study highlights the need for sensitivity toward teachers’ emotions and their influence on teacher identity. It concludes with suggestions for theory, further research and teacher education.

scholarly journals The Theory of Democratic Antinomies and the Identification of Value Trade-Offs in Political Practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Hidalgo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Democratic Institutions ◽  
Political Practice ◽  
Relevant Issue ◽  
General Argument ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The One ◽  
Existence Of Value

In theory, the idea of democracy consists of several insoluble contradictions, aporias, and conflicts. In practice, democracy demands an effective balancing of its essentially opposing principles and values in order to preserve an authentic character as well as to avoid its inherent self-destructive tendencies. In this regard, the concept of value trade-offs promises a heuristic tool to grasp both the analytical and normative impact of a political theory which takes the complexity of democracy seriously. Proceeding from this, the contribution will demonstrate to what extent the conceptualisation of democratic antinomies and the notion of value trade-offs can be seen as a kind of communicating vessel. The article’s general argument is that democracy is defined by several antinomies that are irreducible in theory and therefore require trade-offs in political practice. Moreover, it will discuss three relevant issue areas to suggest the approach’s empirical relevance and to prove the existence of value trade-offs as an operating benchmark for the legitimacy and consolidation of democratic processes on the one hand but also for their shortcomings and risks on the other. Correspondingly, the article concerns the antinomic relationships between freedom and security, economic growth and sustainability, and finally, democracy and populism to underpin the general perception that the success of democratic institutions first and foremost depends on the balance of the necessarily conflicting principles of democracy.

Regulations and Standards in Public Cloud

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Jitendra Singh ◽  
Kamlesh Kumar Raghuvanshi
Keyword(s):  
Data Center ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Cloud Provider ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Public Cloud ◽  
The Public ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
The One ◽  
Security Standards

Security is a critical issue particularly in public cloud as it rests with the cloud providers. During security implementation, prevailing security threats and regulatory standards are borne in mind. Regulatory compliance varies from one cloud provider to another according to their maturity and location of the data center. Thus, subscribers need to verify the security requirement meeting their objective and the one implemented by the public cloud provider. To this end, subscribers need to visit each cloud provider's site to view the compliance. This is a time-consuming activity at the same time difficult to locate on a website. This work presents the prominent security standards suggested by the leading security institutions including NIST, CSA, ENISA, ISO, etc., that are applicable to the public cloud. A centrally-driven scheme is proposed in order to empower the subscriber to know the regulation and standards applicable according to their services need. The availability of an exhaustive list at one place will lower the users hassle at subscription time.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Identification Codes

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Sencer Derebeyoğlu ◽  
Christian Deppe ◽  
Roberto Ferrara
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Identification Code ◽  
Code Construction ◽  
Reed Solomon Codes ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

In this paper, we analyze the construction of identification codes. Identification codes are based on the question: “Is the message I have just received the one I am interested in?”, as opposed to Shannon’s transmission, where the receiver is interested in not only one, but any, message. The advantage of identification is that it allows rates growing double exponentially in the blocklength at the cost of not being able to decode every message, which might be beneficial in certain applications. We focus on a special identification code construction based on two concatenated Reed-Solomon codes and have a closer look at its implementation, analyzing the trade-offs of identification with respect to transmission and the trade-offs introduced by the computational cost of identification codes.

The Ethical Dilemmas and Social Scientific Trade-offs of Masking in Ethnography

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Jerolmack ◽  
Alexandra K. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
False Sense ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The One

Masking, the practice of hiding or distorting identifying information about people, places, and organizations, is usually considered a requisite feature of ethnographic research and writing. This is justified both as an ethical obligation to one’s subjects and as a scientifically neutral position (as readers are enjoined to treat a case’s idiosyncrasies as sociologically insignificant). We question both justifications, highlighting potential ethical dilemmas and obstacles to constructing cumulative social science that can arise through masking. Regarding ethics, we show, on the one hand, how masking may give subjects a false sense of security because it implies a promise of confidentiality that it often cannot guarantee and, on the other hand, how naming may sometimes be what subjects want and expect. Regarding scientific tradeoffs, we argue that masking can reify ethnographic authority, exaggerate the universality of the case (e.g., “Middletown”), and inhibit replicability (or “revisits”) and sociological comparison. While some degree of masking is ethically and practically warranted in many cases and the value of disclosure varies across ethnographies, we conclude that masking should no longer be the default option that ethnographers unquestioningly choose.

scholarly journals En dags praksis: Hvordan bidra til at studentene finner sammenhengen mellom teori og den virkelige verden?

2020 ◽  
pp. 179-195
Author(s):  
Randi Hojem Røthe
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
School Practice ◽  
Theory To Practice ◽  
Study Programme ◽  
Link Theory ◽  
Role Of Teachers ◽  
The One ◽  
School Takeover

This chapter revolves a one-day practice for 200 pedagogy students at three primary schools in the municipality. The practice is completed in March when the students have studied the vocation for eight months. Lectures and seminars build up to this takeover in advance. The week before the day of practice, the students are out in the practice schools and observe the class they are going to take over and talk to the teachers at the school. Practice reports, reflection notes and logbook notes show that no matter what we do to link theory to practice at class, it is the one day in the role of teachers at a school that seems to make the big difference. When students become responsible for a class, they behave in a completely different way than when they are responsible for teaching fellow students. At the practice school, they show up well in advance and take the responsibility they have received. The students’ behaviour after the school takeover may indicate that the experiences from the real world, with associated responsibility, have given increased understanding of the vocation, which in turn contributes to increased motivation for the study programme.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INQUIRY BASED LEARNING FOR NATURAL SCIENCE LEARNING IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dek Ngurah Laba Laksana
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Science Learning ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Inquiry Based Learning ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Reputable Journal ◽  
The One ◽  
Five Phases

This paper primarily emphasized on describing the use of inquiry in natural science learning at primary school. This study also exposed the validity of inquiry strategy in natural science learning to improve primary schools students’ comprehension. Further, this present study employed a library research sourced from reputable journal articles in relation to the issue. Assisted inquiry strategy with 5E model became the one investigated. The model covered five phases namely, engaging, exploring, explaining, elaborating, and evaluating. Empirically, the inquiry strategy in natural science learning had proven improving the quality of learning and the learning achievement, particularly in conceptual learning

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