What do Yellow Trash Containers Hide?

We do not know whether recycling will save us from environmental disaster. We believe, however, that segregating trash makes sense. From an early age, our children learn to link the colors of containers with various types of waste. Plastic bags, plastic bottles, metal caps, aluminum cans and milk cartons end up in yellow containers and bags every day. These few examples already show the diversity of these materials. According to the Resin Identification Code (RIC) system introduced in 1988, there are as many as seven codes to designate plastics alone. The waste we separate must therefore undergo another sorting process so that we can speak of proper recycling. How to do it? It turns out that an adequately designed camera is sufficient.

Comprehensive Analysis of IoT Malware Evasion Techniques

Malware detection in Internet of Things (IoT) devices is a great challenge, as these devices lack certain characteristics such as homogeneity and security. Malware is malicious software that affects a system as it can steal sensitive information, slow its speed, cause frequent hangs, and disrupt operations. The most common malware types are adware, computer viruses, spyware, trojans, worms, rootkits, key loggers, botnets, and ransomware. Malware detection is critical for a system's security. Many security researchers have studied the IoT malware detection domain. Many studies proposed the static or dynamic analysis on IoT malware detection. This paper presents a survey of IoT malware evasion techniques, reviewing and discussing various researches. Malware uses a few common evasion techniques such as user interaction, environmental awareness, stegosploit, domain and IP identification, code obfuscation, code encryption, timing, and code compression. A comparative analysis was conducted pointing various advantages and disadvantages. This study provides guidelines on IoT malware evasion techniques.

Matched and Fully Private? A New Self-Generated Identification Code for School-Based Cohort Studies to Increase Perceived Anonymity

Anonymous questionnaires are frequently used in research with adolescents in order to obtain sincere answers about sensitive topics. Most longitudinal studies include self-generated identification codes (SGICs) to match information. Typical elements include a combination of letters and digits from personal data. However, these data may make the participant feel that their answers are not truly anonymous, and some studies using these types of SGICs have been perceived as not entirely anonymous by some participants. Furthermore, data protection laws could place limits on research carried out with these codes. The objective of our article is to test an SGIC with a higher degree of anonymity. We conducted two studies. In Study 1, we tested the perceived anonymity of this new SGIC code. Adolescents aged 12 to 18 years ( N = 601) completed an anonymous questionnaire about lifestyles and risk behaviors, which also included the SGIC. Adolescents with and without risk behaviors were compared regarding whether or not they answered to the SGIC questions. We did not find any differences to suggest that participants felt identifiable. In Study 2, we assessed the efficiency of the new SGIC. At baseline, 123 students from two high schools (eighth grade) filled in questionnaires consisting of the new SGIC and their full names. Two years later, these same students (then in the 10th grade) were invited to fill in the same information again (116 students responded to this second call). A total of 97 students were present in both waves. The SGIC showed a moderate performance, with good enough indices of recall and precision. Evidence suggests that the new SGIC is a suitable tool for the anonymous matching of adolescents in follow-ups of school cohorts.

MOLECULAR DESIGN OF N-ACYL DERIVATIVES OF 2-(2-OXOPYROLIDIN-1-YL)-ACETAMIDE WITH GABA-ERGIC AND GLUTAMATERGIC ACTIVITIES

The first of the most successfully implemented nootropic drugs in medical practice is piracetam, which should be attributed to cyclic derivatives of gamma-aminobutyric acid. The production of new piracetam derivatives with high nootropic activity is a promising direction in the development of new neuroprotective drugs.The aim of the study is to predict GABA-ergic and glutamatergic activities of N-acyl derivatives of 2-(2-oxopyrolidin-1-yl)- acetamide by a molecular docking method through the energy analysis of interaction of modeled structures with GABAA and AMPA receptors with their subsequent targeted synthesis.Materials and methods. The objects of the research are new N-acyl derivatives of 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide and a virtual model of the GABAA receptor of the Homo sapiens organism with the identification code 6D6U and a three-dimensional model of the AMPA-receptor of the Rattus norvegicus organism with the identification code 3LSF from the RCSB PDB database. The simulated compounds were designed in the HyperChem 8.0.8 program. This program was also used to optimize geometry using the force field of molecular mechanics MM+. Molecular docking was carried out using the Molegro Virtual Docker 6.0.1 program. The preparation of N-acyl derivatives of 2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-acetamide was carried out by the interaction of 2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-acetamide with an excess of the corresponding anhydride under conditions of acid catalysis.Results. Based on the results of molecular docking, a high affinity of all simulated compounds for the binding site of GABAA and AMPA receptors can be estimated. According to the predict, the maximum GABA-ergic activity should be expected for (N-[2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-acetyl]-butyramide. N-acyl derivatives of 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide form a more stable complex with amino acid residues Arg207, Phe200, Thr202, Tyr97, Tyr157, Tyr205 and Phe65 of the GABAA receptor binding site than the GABA molecule. In terms of the minimum interaction energy, the N-acyl derivatives of 2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)- acetamide are superior to a number of known ligands such as GABA, piracetam, anipiracetam, picamilon and pramiracetam. The tested compounds have also shown a high affinity for the binding site of the AMPA receptor. The leader compound is also the compound PirBut, as in the case of the GABAА receptor.Conclusion. Molecular modeling of the ligands interaction with the active binding site of gamma-aminobutyric acid of the GABAA receptor by molecular docking showed that all virtual N-acyl derivatives of 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide can exceed a number of nootropic drugs by activity. In the course of molecular design, a method for predicting a glutamatergic activity for 2-pyrrolidone derivatives has been developed. It suggests a significant nootropic activity for N-[2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)- acetamide amides.

The development of laparoscopic skills using virtual reality simulations: A systematic review

Background Teaching based on virtual reality simulators in medicine has expanded in recent years due to the limitations of more traditional methods, especially for surgical procedures such as laparoscopy. Purpose of review To analyze the effects of using virtual reality simulations on the development of laparoscopic skills in medical students and physicians. Data sources The literature screening was done in April 2020 through Medline (PubMed), EMBASE and Database of the National Institute of Health. Eligibility criteria Randomized clinical trials that subjected medical students and physicians to training in laparoscopic skills in virtual reality simulators. Study appraisal Paired reviewers independently identified 1529 articles and included 7 trials that met the eligibility criteria. Findings In all studies, participants that trained in virtual simulators showed improvements in laparoscopic skills, although the articles that also had a physical model training group did not show better performance of one model compared to the other. Limitations No article beyond 2015 met the eligibility criteria, and the analyzed simulators have different versions and models, which might impact the results. Conclusion Virtual reality simulators are useful educational tools, but do not show proven significant advantages over traditional models. The lack of standardization and a scarcity of articles makes comparative analysis between simulators difficult, requiring more research in the area, according to the model suggested in this review. Systematic review registration number Registered by the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), identification code CRD42020176479.

Civil Law Peculiarities of State and Municipal Contracts Concluded with the Use of Electronic and Digital Means

The article reflects the results of the analysis of legislation on the conclusion of state and municipal contracts using electronic and digital means and the practice of its application. It is noted that the conclusion of the contracts in question differs in physical and technological terms from those actions that are performed in the course of procurement without the use of electronic and digital means. However, the functional purpose of digital procurement remains unchanged. Therefore, neither special legislation on electronic digital signatures, nor the existence of requirements for the use of electronic digital means in the conclusion of state and municipal contracts change their written form. At the same time, the legal structure of their conclusion becomes more complex due to the requirement to specify a special record of accounting nature-the purchase identification code, which makes it possible to separate the contracts in question into an independent group along with transactions requiring state registration.

Land Records Modernisation: Uttar Pradesh

During 2017–2020, a team of researchers at the Indian Institute for Human Settlements conducted a series of primary and secondary studies on land record modernisation initiatives in five states and union territories of India. Based on extensive on-ground research, this work is part of a five-volume set that presents findings from Delhi, Maharashtra, Chandigarh, Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh, with a focus on urban land and property records and the associated complexities. This volume on Uttar Pradesh studies in detail the approach and practice of assigning a Unique Property Identification Code (UPIC) for every rural land parcel in the state. It also explores the digital integration of various land related applications, datasets and formats across multiple institutions for efficient management of land information. Adapting this to the urban context, the system of such a unique property code may be one of the most significant solutions for the implementation of interlinked datasets across multiple institutions and data formats

Astronomical Observatory as an identifier of the architectural ensemble of Kazan Imperial University

In the article, the author examines the building of the Astronomical Observatory (1833-1837), which was a part of the architectural ensemble of Kazan Imperial University in the first third of the 19th-early 20th centuries (now – Kazan Federal University). The primary purpose of the study is to identify the specific features of the university ensemble. The task is to set the value of the Astronomical Observatory as the basic identifier of the ensemble. The research methodology is based on the theory of identity in architecture and urban planning and the application of a systematic analysis of the ensemble and its components. The author determined the importance of the Astronomical Observatory's building in the university ensemble in the context of the theory of identity. The features of the space-planning solution of the observatory building, its placement in the city landscape, and its great importance in the formation and development of astronomical science in Kazan allow us to conclude that the Astronomical Observatory was one of the identifiers of Kazan Imperial University ensemble. The significance of the research results lies in the development of the theory of identity when one of the objects of the ensemble becomes its identification code.

LEXEM "POINT OUT" IN NEWSPAPER PUBLICATIONS

In this article authors take into consideration usage of the verb "point out" in journalistic materials on the basis of reference literature and their own editorial experience. The article focuses on explanation of the meaning of these word in Ukrainian dictionary in eleven tomes and Dictionary of the Ukrainian language online. Materials for analysis are selected from the Ukrainian national daily newspaper "The Day", which is one of the most popular publications in the ranking of national media. It is noted that the token "point out" is correctly used to denote "a gesture, a movement directed somewhere, at someone, something, to draw attention to someone or something; show… point the way… a model for something… mark, highlight, name something, making known, noticeable… paying attention to something, explain, reveal its essence… order someone, make remarks, give orders, to teach…". And in other cases it is necessary to use not Russianism "point out", but "to mark", "to note down", "to fix", "to write", "to submit", "to testify" etc. Correctly write "on the back of the picture the journalist wrote (noted, took notes)…"; "Indicate (submit, write) in the feminine name"; "In the declaration to submit (indicate, write) types of income", "in the section record data on types and amounts of income", "indicate place of residence, series and number of passport, identification code…", "information will not be submitted"; "Indicate (write) in documents", "record (indicate) the year of birth on the envelope"; "Less than 25 patients per 100,000 inhabitants of the country testify…". It is emphasized that the accuracy of word usage depends on the availability, aesthetic impact and effectiveness of newspaper publications.