Open science reforms: Strengths, challenges, and future directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn R. Wentzel
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Educational Psychology ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Science Practices ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Impact

In this article, I comment on the potential benefits and limitations of open science reforms for improving the transparency and accountability of research, and enhancing the credibility of research findings within communities of policy and practice. Specifically, I discuss the role of replication and reproducibility of research in promoting better quality studies, the identification of generalizable principles, and relevance for practitioners and policymakers. Second, I suggest that greater attention to theory might contribute to the impact of open science practices, and discuss ways in which theory has implications for sampling, measurement and research design. Ambiguities concerning the aims of preregistration and registered reports also are highlighted. In conclusion, I discuss structural roadblocks to open science reform and reflect on the relevance of these reforms for educational psychology.

Open-Science Practices for Increasing Credibility, Impact, and Equity in Education Research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly D Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Educational Psychology ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Science Practice ◽  
Equity In Education ◽  
Science Practices ◽  
Learner Outcomes

In education, scientific research should play an important role in improving learner outcomes by informing and enhancing policy and practice. However, a substantial gap exists between research and practice in the field. To close this gap, researchers in educational psychology can apply open-science practices to increase the credibility, impact, and equity of their research. In this article, we examine three open-science practices -- open data and code, open access and preprints, and crowdsourcing -- that are well-suited to foster credibility, impact, and equity of research. For each open-science practice, we briefly discuss what the practice is and how it works, its primary benefits, some important limitations and challenges, and a thorny issue related to the practice. PLEASE DO NOT CITE YET:This article is part of a forthcoming journal Special Issue on Open Science in Education and currently under review. Carly Robinson is NOT the correct author, so please do not cite this article until it is updated with the correct authors' names. If you are interested in citing this work please either (a) check back at this url later -- we anticipated that the correct authors' names will be included no later than February 2021, or (b) contact Carly Robinson ([email protected]) directly to see if the paper might be cited on an earlier time frame.

Pre-Registration in the Undergraduate Dissertation: A Critical Discussion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Pownall
Keyword(s):  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Statistics Anxiety ◽  
Questionable Research Practices ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Data Analysis Plan

Currently under review at Psychology Teaching Review. Over recent years, Psychology has become increasingly concerned with reproducibility and replicability of research findings (Munafò et al., 2017). One method of ensuring that research is hypothesis driven, as opposed to data driven, is the process of publicly pre-registering a study’s hypotheses, data analysis plan, and procedure prior to data collection (Nosek, Ebersole, DeHaven, & Mellor, 2018). This paper discusses the potential benefits of introducing pre-registration to the undergraduate dissertation. The utility of pre-registration as a pedagogic practice within dissertation supervision is also critically appraised, with reference to open science literature. Here, it is proposed that encouraging pre-registration of undergraduate dissertation work may alleviate some pedagogic challenges, such as statistics anxiety, questionable research practices, and research clarity and structure. Perceived barriers, such as time and resource constraints, are also discussed.

scholarly journals Focus on Function in Hospitalized Persons With Dementia: The Impact of Hospital-Acquired Complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 762-762
Author(s):  
Marie Boltz ◽  
Lorraine Mion
Keyword(s):  
Acute Care ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Pharmacologic Management ◽  
Hospitalized Older Adults ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Persons with dementia (PWD) are two-three times more likely to be hospitalized as persons without dementia and comprise one fourth of hospitalized older adults. Hospitalization often has a dramatic impact upon the health and disposition of the older PWD. They are at increased risk for hospital acquired complications (HAC) such as functional decline, behavioral symptoms of distress, and delirium, all of which contribute to increased disability, mortality, and long-term nursing home stays. Despite the unprecedented number of PWD admitted to acute care, little attention has focused on their specialized needs and HAC, and how they impact functional recovery. The purpose of this symposium is to describe the incidence of common HACs, and factors that influence their occurrence and presentation in PWD. Utilizing baseline findings from the Family-centered Function-focused Care (Fam-FFC) trial, the presentations will address this objective and discuss the ramifications for functional and cognitive post-acute recovery in PWD. The first presentation will describe the incidence and pharmacologic management of pain in PWD, and its association with common HACs. The second presentation will describe physical activity in PWD on medical units and the validity of the Motionwatch8 actigraphy. The third session will describe differences in common HACs between white and black PWD. The final presentation will examine function-focused goals developed in collaboration with family caregivers and patients, and the functional outcomes associated with goal attainment. Our discussant, Dr. Lorraine Mion, will synthesize the research findings and lead a discussion of future directions for policy and practice in dementia-capable acute care.

Social capital and national innovation system: a cross-country analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepehr Ghazinoory ◽  
Ali Bitaab ◽  
Ardeshir Lohrasbi
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
National Level ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose – In the last two decades, researchers have paid much attention to the role of cultural values on economic and social development. In particular, the crucial role of different aspects of culture on the development of innovation has been stressed in the literature. Consequently, it is vital to understand how social capital, as a core cultural value, affects the innovation process and the innovative performance at the national level. However, to date, the impact of different dimensions of social capital and innovation has not been properly portrayed or explained. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of four different dimensions of social capital (institutional and interpersonal, associational life and norms) on two of the main functions of national innovation system (NIS) (entrepreneurship and knowledge creation) based on over 50,000 observations in 34 countries. Design/methodology/approach – In this regard, national-level data from the World Values Survey database was employed to quantify social capital. Entrepreneurship is, in turn, assumed to consist of three sub-indexes and 14 indicators based on the Global Entrepreneurship Index. Knowledge creation is also measured through US Patent Office applications. Also, exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling approach were used to build the measurement model and investigate the impact that each factor of social capital had on entrepreneurship and knowledge application, respectively. Measurement and structural models were built and their reliability and validity were tested using various fit indices. Research findings suggest the strong positive effect of institutional trust and networking on entrepreneurship. Also, interpersonal trust and networks were shown to have high influence on knowledge development at the national level. Norms appear to have naïve to medium negative effects on both functions. Findings – Research findings suggest the strong positive effect of institutional trust and networking on entrepreneurship. Also, interpersonal trust and networks were shown to have high influence on knowledge development at the national level. Norms appear to have naïve to medium negative effects on both functions. Originality/value – However, to date, the impact of different dimensions of social capital and innovation has not been properly portrayed or explained.

The Role of Open Science Practices in Scaling Evidence-Based Prevention Programs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren H. Supplee ◽  
Robert T. Ammerman ◽  
Anne K. Duggan ◽  
John A. List ◽  
Dana Suskind
Keyword(s):  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Science Practices

The Impact on Well-Being of Experiences at Cultural Events

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Gorchakova ◽  
Kenneth F. Hyde
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional Engagement ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Art Galleries ◽  
Special Events ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Favourable Environment ◽  
The Impact

Major international cultural exhibitions, often referred to as touring ‘blockbuster’ exhibitions (TBEs), are arguably among the most stimulating and engaging event experiences. The role of orchestrating an experience that is meaningful and memorable has captured the attention of scholars in the events literature over recent decades. The aims of this paper are to re-conceptualise major international cultural exhibitions as special events, present a framework of the experiences these exhibitions generate for visitors, and explore the roles such experiences play in visitor well-being. The study draws on the findings of qualitative research conducted in Australia and New Zealand. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with representatives of art galleries and museums in Melbourne, Canberra, Auckland, and Wellington involved in hosting ‘blockbuster’ exhibitions, as well as representatives of regional cultural, tourism, and events organisations. This paper presents a ‘3Es’ experience realms framework, which comprises the key experiences that a major cultural and arts event generates for visitors: entertainment, enrichment, and emotional engagement. The first realm of the 3Es framework, entertainment, has encountered scepticism in the museum field; however, research findings here corroborate the arguments of those scholars who hold that entertainment may help to engage visitors and facilitate education. Enrichment comprises the creation of a favourable environment for new knowledge to be processed, and the enhancement of knowledge. The third realm is an emotionally engaging experience that results from social interactions, activities, and contemplation of and learning about unique exhibits. The framework demonstrates an interplay of these three major experiential dimensions and visitors’ hedonic and eudaemonic well-being. Exhibition and event organisers can utilise this framework to plan the delivery of memorable experiences for visitors and explore the ways in which their event can be made enjoyable, enriching, and emotionally engaging.

scholarly journals Researcher Degrees of Freedom in the Psychology of Religion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Jane Charles ◽  
James Edward Bartlett ◽  
Kyle J. Messick ◽  
Thomas Joseph Coleman ◽  
Alex Uzdavines
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Psychology Of Religion ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Science Practices ◽  
Replication Crisis ◽  
The Way

There is a push in psychology toward more transparent practices, stemming partially as a response to the replication crisis. We argue that the psychology of religion should help lead the way toward these new, more transparent practices to ensure a robust and dynamic subfield. One of the major issues that proponents of Open Science practices hope to address is researcher degrees of freedom (RDF). We pre-registered and conducted a systematic review of the 2017 issues from three psychology of religion journals. We aimed to identify the extent to which the psychology of religion has embraced Open Science practices and the role of RDF within the subfield. We found that many of the methodologies that help to increase transparency, such as pre-registration, have yet to be adopted by those in the subfield. In light of these findings, we present recommendations for addressing the issue of transparency in the psychology of religion and outline how to move toward these new Open Science practices.

The Impact of Test Anxiety on EFL Pre-service teachers in Northern Cyprus

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Chinaza Solomon Ironsi ◽  
◽  
Hanife Bensen Bostanci
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Northern Cyprus ◽  
The Impact

A lot has been written with regards to anxiety in education and how it affects academic performance of students though little is known on the impact of test anxiety or examinations on pre-service language teachers. This study decided to examine the role of examinations in inducing anxiety among EFL learners and the extent to which this affects academic performance of students. In order to achieve this, a quantitative research design was used for this study. A questionnaire was used to elicit information from the participants and the instrument was distributed to 55 EFL learners to elicit information on their opinions regarding the influence of test anxiety on the students. The instruments were face validated as well checked for reliability. After collecting the data and carrying out analysis, findings derived from the study were used to make valid pedagogical conclusions on the impact of test anxiety on EFL learners

Preregistration and Registered Reports

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Reich
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Educational Psychology ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Science Methods ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Scientific Process ◽  
Science Practices ◽  
Post Hoc

Preregistration and registered reports are two promising open science practices for increasing transparency in the scientific process. In particular, they create transparency around one of the most consequential distinctions in research design: the data analytics decisions made before data collection and post-hoc decisions made afterwards. Preregistration involves publishing a time-stamped record of a study design before data collection or analysis. Registered reports are a publishing approach that facilitates the evaluation of research without regard for the direction or magnitude of findings. In this paper, I evaluate opportunities and challenges for these open science methods, offer initial guidelines for their use, explore relevant tensions around new practices, and illustrate examples from educational psychology and social science. This paper was accepted for publication in Educational Psychologist volume 56, issue 2; scheduled for April 2021, as a part of a special issue titled, “Educational psychology in the open science era.”This preprint has been peer reviewed, but not copy edited by the journal and may differ from the final published version. The DOI of the final published version is: [insert preprint DOI number]. Once the article is published online, it will be available at the following permanent link: [insert doi link]

Reducing Digital Divide

2010 ◽  
pp. 212-247
Author(s):  
Anand Chand
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
People First ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the role of People First Network (PFnet) services in enhancing information and communication and contributing to sustainable rural development and poverty reduction in Solomon Islands. More specifically, it examines two main issues. First, it examines the uptake and appropriation of PFnet services by rural Solomon Islanders. Second, it examines the impact of PFnet services on sustainable rural development and poverty reduction in Solomon Islands. This chapter is based on a empirical research conducted in Solomon Islands between January-May 2004. The chapter is organised as follows: Section one provides an overview of PFnet Project. Section two states the main aims of the study. Section three outlines the methodology used for the research. The Section four reports the main research findings. Section five discusses some problems and finally section six provides the conclusion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document