scholarly journals A New Analysis of Population History in Sabah and Sarawak

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
Hashom Mohd Hakim ◽  
Japareng Lalung ◽  
Suresh Narayanen ◽  
Nasha Rodziadi Khaw ◽  
Geoffrey Keith Chambers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Population History ◽  
Current View ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Niah Cave ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sabah And Sarawak

Objective - This study is a comprehensive account of contemporary knowledge concerning pre-historic communities in Sabah and Sarawak based on newly available evidence from genomic and archaeological research. Methodology/Technique - The data presented in this review was obtained from primary literature including recent reports on several Neolithic excavation sites including Gua Sireh, Bukit Tengkorak, Melanta Tutup, and Bukit Kamiri. Findings - Pre-neolithic populations existed in Borneo long before the arrival of Austronesians as is evident from Niah Cave remains. These considerably pre-date the arrival of the latter new immigrants around 3,500 years ago. Further genetic research is needed, as the current view of the history of the population is based on a limited number of ethnic groups among those currently living in Borneo and to date, no trace has been found of any surviving genetic lineages from the earliest settlers. Novelty - This review paints a contemporary picture from existing information. In particular, it highlights the need for further research on the topic, as the current view of the genetic history of the population in Sabah and Sarawak is only available on a limited number of ethnic groups currently living in Borneo. Developing a conclusive and composite view on this topic will require widespread genetic surveys of many more ethnic groups scattered throughout the Sabah and Sarawak areas. This will require large-scale next-generation techniques (such as genome-wide SNP surveys and whole genome sequencing etc.). These methods should be enhanced by examination of ancient materials including human remains and their associated artefacts. These initiatives will require a number of well-planned excavations of recent settlements (last 10,000 years) and the application of trace and ancient DNA methodology. Type of Paper - Review. Keywords: Population Genetics; Archaeology; Borneo; Sabah and Sarawak; Malaysia; Population History. JEL Classification: N90, Z10.

scholarly journals The Population of Fejér County in the 18th Century Through the Eyes of Foreign Travellers

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-183
Author(s):  
Adrienn Sztana-Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Population History ◽  
Travel Books ◽  
History Of ◽  
Travel Diaries ◽  
The Times

Abstract Lack of source material makes it difficult to examine the population history of the times of the Ottoman domination in Fejér county. Therefore it is inevitable to use memoirs, travel diaries, travel books and country descriptions penned by foreign travellers. In our study we are following the change of the image of the Hungarians, and the images of other ethnic groups as they appear in the memoirs of foreign visitors. In this paper we compare the descriptions of different ethnic groups inhabiting the county in the 18th century. We are interested in the following questions: first, how much of these descriptions are based on personal experience; secondly, to what extent these books reflect their authors’ experiences or they are rather influenced by stereotypes of their age or earlier periods

The Origin, Formation and Early History of the Chikunda of South Central Africa

1972 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Isaacman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Military History ◽  
Early History ◽  
South Central ◽  
History Of

Although historians have examined the process of pre-colonial political integration, little attention has been paid to the complementary patterns of ethnic and cultural assimilation. The Chikunda, who were initially slaves on the Zambezi prazos, provide an excellent example of this phenomenon. Over the course of several generations, captives from more than twenty ethnic groups submerged their historical, linguistic, and cultural differences to develop a new set of institutions and a common identity. The decline of the prazo system during the first half of the nineteenth century generated large scale migrations of Chikunda outside of the lower Zambezi valley. They settled in Zumbo, the Luangwa valley and scattered regions of Malawi where they played an important role in the nineteenth-century political and military history of south central Africa.

scholarly journals The population history of northeastern Siberia since the Pleistocene

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Sikora ◽  
Vladimir V. Pitulko ◽  
Vitor C. Sousa ◽  
Morten E. Allentoft ◽  
Lasse Vinner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Population History ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Northeastern Siberia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Milk Teeth

ABSTRACTFar northeastern Siberia has been occupied by humans for more than 40 thousand years. Yet, owing to a scarcity of early archaeological sites and human remains, its population history and relationship to ancient and modern populations across Eurasia and the Americas are poorly understood. Here, we analyze 34 ancient genome sequences, including two from fragmented milk teeth found at the ~31.6 thousand-year-old (kya) Yana RHS site, the earliest and northernmost Pleistocene human remains found. These genomes reveal complex patterns of past population admixture and replacement events throughout northeastern Siberia, with evidence for at least three large-scale human migrations into the region. The first inhabitants, a previously unknown population of “Ancient North Siberians” (ANS), represented by Yana RHS, diverged ~38 kya from Western Eurasians, soon after the latter split from East Asians. Between 20 and 11 kya, the ANS population was largely replaced by peoples with ancestry related to present-day East Asians, giving rise to ancestral Native Americans and “Ancient Paleosiberians” (AP), represented by a 9.8 kya skeleton from Kolyma River. AP are closely related to the Siberian ancestors of Native Americans, and ancestral to contemporary communities such as Koryaks and Itelmen. Paleoclimatic modelling shows evidence for a refuge during the last glacial maximum (LGM) in southeastern Beringia, suggesting Beringia as a possible location for the admixture forming both ancestral Native Americans and AP. Between 11 and 4 kya, AP were in turn largely replaced by another group of peoples with ancestry from East Asia, the “Neosiberians” from which many contemporary Siberians derive. We detect gene flow events in both directions across the Bering Strait during this time, influencing the genetic composition of Inuit, as well as Na Dene-speaking Northern Native Americans, whose Siberian-related ancestry components is closely related to AP. Our analyses reveal that the population history of northeastern Siberia was highly dynamic throughout the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. The pattern observed in northeastern Siberia, with earlier, once widespread populations being replaced by distinct peoples, seems to have taken place across northern Eurasia, as far west as Scandinavia.

scholarly journals Genome of a middle Holocene hunter-gatherer from Wallacea

Nature ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 596 (7873) ◽  
pp. 543-547
Author(s):  
Selina Carlhoff ◽  
Akin Duli ◽  
Kathrin Nägele ◽  
Muhammad Nur ◽  
Laurits Skov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Petrous Bone ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Population History ◽  
Indigenous Australian ◽  
Human Genomes ◽  
Continental Islands ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Coverage

AbstractMuch remains unknown about the population history of early modern humans in southeast Asia, where the archaeological record is sparse and the tropical climate is inimical to the preservation of ancient human DNA1. So far, only two low-coverage pre-Neolithic human genomes have been sequenced from this region. Both are from mainland Hòabìnhian hunter-gatherer sites: Pha Faen in Laos, dated to 7939–7751 calibrated years before present (yr cal bp; present taken as ad 1950), and Gua Cha in Malaysia (4.4–4.2 kyr cal bp)1. Here we report, to our knowledge, the first ancient human genome from Wallacea, the oceanic island zone between the Sunda Shelf (comprising mainland southeast Asia and the continental islands of western Indonesia) and Pleistocene Sahul (Australia–New Guinea). We extracted DNA from the petrous bone of a young female hunter-gatherer buried 7.3–7.2 kyr cal bp at the limestone cave of Leang Panninge2 in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Genetic analyses show that this pre-Neolithic forager, who is associated with the ‘Toalean’ technocomplex3,4, shares most genetic drift and morphological similarities with present-day Papuan and Indigenous Australian groups, yet represents a previously unknown divergent human lineage that branched off around the time of the split between these populations approximately 37,000 years ago5. We also describe Denisovan and deep Asian-related ancestries in the Leang Panninge genome, and infer their large-scale displacement from the region today.

Genetic control of lifespan: studies from animal models

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (20) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Van Zant ◽  
Gerald de Haan
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Longevity Genes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mammalian Genetics ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Human And Mouse ◽  
Shed Light

The premise that there are genes that wield a strong influence on longevity has, until recently, not been a popular one and there has been no concerted effort to find such genes. However, the finding that single genes can have large effects on the lifespans of yeast, worms and flies raises the possibility that individual genes in mammals may similarly have relatively large effects on longevity. Recent advances in mammalian genetics, many associated with the large-scale efforts to sequence the human and mouse genomes, have accelerated the search for longevity genes, principally in mice. Here, we review results using animal models that have recently shed light on genes regulating longevity and ageing patterns. A large number of genetically defined strains of mice are available and this, together with their established history of use in genetic research and their relatively short lifespans, has made murine models particularly useful. We also review our own work in which genes regulating mouse lifespan and those regulating cell cycling of haematopoietic progenitor cells have been mapped to the same locations in the genome. These results suggest that some of the same genes affect both traits, and further suggest a cause-and-effect relationship between cumulative cell-cycle activity and longevity of an organism.

scholarly journals THEORY OF THE WAVE HISTORY OF ETHNOS IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2(83)) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
A. Saltykov
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
White Spots ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Vector

This article is devoted to the discovery of long-term cyclic psychophysical pendulum processes in the history of the ethnic groups of the northern hemisphere for the period from about 5500 BC to the 21st century. The discovery was made based on the analysis of related disciplines: DNA genealogy, linguistics, history, mythology, and climatology. And, in particular, my empirical conclusions. The "Theory of wave history " (hereinafter – TWH) is relevant for the study of deep and large-scale processes of history in large periods of time. TWH reveals the cyclical nature of history with a period of approximately 1850 years, in similar phases of which similar or similar psychophysical phenomena occur, which form the general vector of history. On the basis of the TWH, it is possible to resolve issues of white spots of history. TWH is based on the psychophysical feature of a person to create within the current and popular framework of society, because history itself puts its heroes on the lists. This shows its immanence and its worldliness. TWH does not aim to describe history as a collection of accumulated progress, it does not concern the economic and political spheres. TWH is a method of historical research.

The Population History of Britain and Ireland 1500-1750

1996 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
Eilidh Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Population History ◽  
History Of

Materials for the history of the gospel-Baptist movement in Ukraine

1996 ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
S. Golovaschenko ◽  
Petro Kosuha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Theological Seminary ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Evangelical Christians ◽  
Evangelical Christian ◽  
First Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fruitful Cooperation ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The report is based on the first results of the study "The History of the Evangelical Christians-Baptists in Ukraine", carried out in 1994-1996 by the joint efforts of the Department of Religious Studies at the Institute of Philosophy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Odessa Theological Seminary of Evangelical Christian Baptists. A large-scale description and research of archival sources on the history of evangelical movements in our country gave the first experience of fruitful cooperation between secular and church researchers.

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