scholarly journals STIMULATING ELECTRONEUROMYOGRAPHY IN DIAGNOSTICS OF OCCUPATIONAL VERTEBRAL LUMBAR-SACRAL PATHOLOGY IN TRACTOR OPERATORS

2017 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
D.M. Vagapova ◽  
S.A. Gallyamova
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Bioelectric Activity ◽  
Neuron Inhibition

We studied the functional state of the neuro-muscular area – the lumbar and sacral part of the backbone in tractor operators using the stimulating electroneuromyography (SENMG) metod. Analysis of bioelectric activity of muscules and peripheral nerves was done. The electroneuromyographic changes revealed that functional motor-neuron inhibition is due to reflectory disorders. It has been shown that there is a relationship between vertebral pathology of the lumbar-sacral area and length of work.

scholarly journals Assessment of the functional state of the spine in athletes and ballet dancers with lumbosacral pain syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
S. P Mironov ◽  
M. B Tsykunov ◽  
G. M Burmakova
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Lumbosacral Spine ◽  
Bioelectric Activity ◽  
Ballet Dancers ◽  
Facet Syndrome ◽  
Lower Lumbar

The paper presents the data of evaluation of dysfunction in lumbosacral pain in 898 athletes, ballet and circus artists aged 15 to 45 years. The median age was 25.8 year. 537 men and 361 women. In 409 people, pain syndrome is caused by osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine. 238 patients were diagnosed with spondylolysis of the lower lumbar vertebrae, 172 with facet syndrome, spondylarthrosis and 79 with pathology of the ligaments of the lumbosacral spine. Asymmetry in strength, tone of muscles-stabilizers of the spine and their bioelectric activity, which are eliminated in the course of treatment, was noted.

Disorders of peripheral nerves and motor neuron disease

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sathiji Nageshwaran ◽  
Heather C Wilson ◽  
Anthony Dickenson ◽  
David Ledingham
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Motor Neuron Disease ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽  
Multifocal Motor Neuropathy ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Motor Neuropathy ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Involvement ◽  
Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy

This chapter discusses the clinical features and evidence-based drug treatment regimens of polyneuropathies (Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), multifocal motor neuropathy, paraproteinaemic neuropathies, and vasculitic neuropathies), mononeuropathies (Bell’s palsy), systemic conditions with peripheral nerve involvement (Sjögren’s and sarcoidosis), and motor neuron disease (MND).

scholarly journals Functional state of motor units of skeletal muscles in chronic diseases of motoneurons and their axones

1995 ◽  
Vol XXVII (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
L. F. Kasatkina
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Neuromuscular Diseases ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Peripheral Motor ◽  
Partial Compensation

Electromyographic examination of the potentials of motor units in 498 patients with different forms of peripheral motor neuron pathology allowed to distinguish electromyographic criteria of estimation of the denervationreinnervation processes. Determination of phases of full, partial compensation and of decompensation phase may be used for examination of pathogenesis of neuromuscular diseases, their diagnosis and assessment of their progress.

Motor Neuron Inhibition???Based Gene Therapy for Spasticity

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 412-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shearwood McClelland ◽  
Qingshan Teng ◽  
Lyndsey S. Benson ◽  
Nicholas M. Boulis
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Neuron Inhibition

scholarly journals Ultrastrutitural Pathology of an Inherited Lower Motor Neuron Disease of Pigs

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-237
Author(s):  
Donal O'Toole ◽  
Gerald Wells ◽  
James Ingram ◽  
William Cooley ◽  
Stephan Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Motor Neuron Disease ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Axonal Degeneration ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

The ultrastructural features of a recently described inherited lower motor neuron disease were studied in 5 affected pigs. Clinical signs comprised progressive ataxia and paresis of variable severity. Affected pigs, 6, 7, 15, 15, and 19 weeks of age, and 2 unrelated healthy pigs, 9 and 15 weeks of age, were anesthetized and their tissues were fixed by whole body perfusion with mixed aldehydes. From 1 or more affected pigs, samples of cervical and lumbar spinal ventral horn, lateral and ventral spinal columns, dorsal and ventral lumbar spinal nerve roots, 2 peripheral nerves (Nn. phrenicus and fibularis communis), and 2 skeletal muscles (Mm. diaphragma and tibialis cranialis) were examined ultrastructurally. There was widespread degeneration of myelinated axons in peripheral nerves and in lateral and ventral columns of lumbar and cervical segments of spinal cord. Axonal degeneration was present in ventral spinal nerve roots and was absent in dorsal spinal nerve roots sampled at the same lumbar levels. Unmyelinated axons in peripheral nerves and spinal nerve roots were unaffected. In 4 of 5 affected pigs, there were atrophic alpha motor neurons in cervical spinal cord that contained dense, round osmiophilic perikaryal inclusions up to 4 μm in diameter and round swollen mitochondria. Axonal regeneration was present in N. phrenicus of the 19-week-old affected pig that had clinical signs of longest duration (10 weeks). There was no morphologic evidence of axonal degeneration or spinal neuronal atrophy in either control pig. The ultrastructural features of this motor neuron disease distinguish it from other reported progressive spinal neuropathies of pigs.

scholarly journals Cerebral mechanisms in genesis of paroxysmal disorders

1997 ◽  
Vol XXIX (3-4) ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
A. М. Vein ◽  
О. V. Vorobyeva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Main Risk Factor ◽  
Bioelectric Activity ◽  
Activation System ◽  
Paroxysmal Disorders ◽  
Cerebral Mechanisms

The possibility of existence of nonspecific cerebral mechanisms, providing the development of paroxysmal disorders, has been studied. Nonspecific pattern of bioelectric activity has been revealed, typical of paroxysmal conditions both of epileptic and nonepileptic character and different from indices of normal brain and brain of patients with permanent disorders which allows to discuss the existence of paroxysmal brain. The results of the investigations give reason to assert, that change of functional state of brain insufficiency of activity and disbalance of activation system, which facilitate the persistence of excitation of cortical neurons is a main risk factor of formation of paroxysmal brain.

scholarly journals Restoration of motor innervation by the «end-to-side» neurorraphia: experimental modeling and clinical and instrumental control of reinnervation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Aleksey Yur’evich Nisht ◽  
Nikolay Fedorovich Fomin ◽  
Artur Ilgizjvich Imelbaev ◽  
Anastasia Arturovna Mikulich
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Peroneal Nerve ◽  
Common Peroneal Nerve ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
The Common ◽  
Reconstructive Plastic

The high probability of permanent loss of professional fitness and a significant risk of disability of the injured as a result of limb injuries with peripheral nerve damage contribute to both the continuous improvement of surgical techniques on the peripheral nerves, and the implementation of experimental and anatomical studies aimed at developing new ways to restore the lost innervation. Various types of peripheral nerve injuries are observed in peace and wartime victims in 2-6% and 9.8% of cases, respectively. The high degree of disability of patients with the consequences of peripheral nerve injuries requires improvement of diagnostic and reconstructive plastic approaches in this category of patients. A promising method of restoration of the distal part of the crossed nerve with extensive defects of the nerve trunk is its connection with the lateral surface of the intact donor nerve by the end-to-side neurorraphia. The lack of unambiguous views on the nature of reinnervation in this case, even in the presence of single publications on the positive outcomes of such interventions allow us to use this method only in the absence of the possibility of using autonerval transplants to replace extensive defects of peripheral nerves. The purpose of the study: in experiments on laboratory animals to determine the features of modeling trauma of nerve trunks in relation to the development of the main stages of recovery of lost innervation by connecting peripheral nerves by the end-to-side neurorraphia and to determine the range of simple and demonstrative methods of clinical and instrumental control of the functional state of the restored peripheral nerves in a long-term experiment on laboratory animals. Methods. A comprehensive experimental surgical and clinical-instrumental study was performed on 61 laboratory animals (Chinchilla rabbits of both sexes, phenotypically healthy individuals). In the experimental operating room under intravenous anesthesia, modeling of peripheral nerve defect was performed by resection of the total peroneal nerve with a length of 1 cm at the level of the middle third of the thigh. In animals of the studied group (n=39) to restore innervation, the "end-to-side" neurorraphia of the distal portion of the crossed common peroneal nerve with a specially formed defect of the perineural membrane on the lateral surface of the tibial nerve was performed. In the comparison group (n=22) no replacement of the defect of the common peroneal nerve was performed. The follow-up period after experimental interventions ranged from 1 to 290 days. Morphofunctional state of restored nerve trunks was determined by clinical, radiological and electrophysiological methods. Research results. Performing unilateral resections of the common peroneal nerve in laboratory animals (rabbits) with subsequent restoration of the distal portion of the crossed nerve by connecting it by the end-to-side neurorraphia with a nearby intact donor nerve allows to obtain reproducible in the experiment positive results of tissue reinnervation. Indirect assessment of the functional state of the restored nerves is possible using simple and accessible clinical tests, for example, the amplitude of the abduction of the toes of experimental animals in the study of the unconditional reflex of preparation for landing characterizes the conductivity of the common peroneal nerve. When performing experimental studies with multi-stage reconstructive plastic interventions on the peripheral nerves of laboratory animals, the inclusion of radiological methods in the complex of diagnostic measures allows performing in vivo visualization of the surgical intervention area, the restored nerve trunk, as well as the tissues innervated by its branches, which makes it possible to adjust the plan of subsequent morphological studies. Conclusions Performing resection of the common peroneal nerve of laboratory animals (rabbits) at the level of the middle third of the femur as a model of peripheral nerve injury allows to practice the technique of restoration of the distal section of the crossed nerve by connecting it with the adjacent intact donor nerve of the end-to-side neurorraphia. Performing a simple test with the initiation of an unconditional reflex of preparation for landing allows us to qualitatively assess the functional state of the common peroneal nerve in experimental animals. 3. The inclusion of radiological research methods in the program of comprehensive assessment of the peripheral nerves allows to perform their visualization in vivo with the definition of the main morphological characteristics of the restored in experimental reconstructive plastic interventions of nerve trunks.

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