scholarly journals THE BOLOGNA SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION AS THE BASIS OF THE EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION FOR ADMISSION TO THE LEGAL PROFESSION

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-660
Author(s):  
R.G. Melnichenko ◽  
S.V. Ignatyev
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Bologna Process ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One ◽  
The Bologna Process ◽  
Made In

The relevance of the study is caused, on the one hand, by the unification of approaches to the content of higher legal education in the world (related to the Bologna process), and, on the other, by different approaches of states when using the results of training in the bachelor/master/doctoral student paradigm when admitted to the legal profession. The authors investigated the situation in the main “civilized” states on this issue, revealing a wide range of approaches to the requirements for having an appropriate level of higher legal education for candidates for the status of a lawyer: only master (Ukraine, France), law bachelor (UK, Australia, Canada, USA, Slovenia), not a bachelor of law with the condition of additional training (UK, Australia), not a bachelor of law with subsequent legal practice (state California). As a result, the following conclusions were made: 1. In countries with the Bologna system of higher education, there are no unified approaches to the level of education that a candidate for obtaining the status of a lawyer should receive. 2. No regularities were found to determine why in some states the choice was made in favor of the “master's degree”, and in others - the “bachelor's degree” requirements for candidates for the status of a lawyer.

scholarly journals Legal education in Lithuania

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Katažyna Mikša
Keyword(s):  
Legal Education ◽  
Bologna Process ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The One ◽  
The Bologna Process ◽  
Insight Into

The paper analyzes the system of legal education in Lithuania. It provides a short historical overview and recent developments in this area. On the one hand, higher education institutions try to implement main goals of the Bologna Process and to provide two-cycle studies in the field of law. On the other hand, there are still very strong ties to the traditional one-stage model of legal studies. Thus, universities try to combine both these models and offer both two-stage and one-stage studies. In such a situation students are given an opportunity to choose the model they prefer. The paper gives an insight into the programs of studies offered by the universities in Lithuania. The last thing discussed in the article is the issue of securing quality of legal studies.

scholarly journals Legal Education and Clinical Legal Education in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Krasnicka
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Bologna Process ◽  
Law School ◽  
Present System ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
The Bologna Process

<p>The aim of this paper is to present the existing legal education system and development of clinical legal education in Poland. The first part briefly introduces the general Polish higher education system including the implications of the Bologna Process and other challenges for the law faculties as higher education institutions. It then focuses on the five different apprenticeships necessary to obtain license to practice law in Poland. The second part deals with the study program and teaching methods used at Polish law faculties. It argues that the present system does not meet the requirements of the contemporary legal job market as students are not, as a rule, exposed to practical aspects of legal problems and leave law school without training in the necessary skills. The third and most extensive part is dedicated to the legal clinics operating in Poland. Some statistical data is presented on legal clinics (i.e. numbers of students, teachers, cases etc.). This part also discusses basic clinical methodology instruments used in Polish clinics. Finally it describes the establishment of the Polish Legal Clinics Foundation (Foundation), its goals, tasks, challenges and<br />achievements.</p>

scholarly journals The Signal and the Noise: The Impact of the Bologna Process on Swiss Graduates’ Monetary Returns to Higher Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-176
Author(s):  
David Glauser ◽  
Christoph Zangger ◽  
Rolf Becker
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Bologna Process ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Noisy Signal ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Signaling Model ◽  
Bologna Reform ◽  
Job Market Signaling ◽  
The Bologna Process ◽  
The Impact

Using longitudinal data on university leaver cohorts in the period from 2006 to 2016, we investigate the impact of the Bologna reform on Swiss graduates’ returns to higher education. Drawing on the job market signaling model, we expect lower returns for graduates who enter the labor market with a bachelor’s degree. Moreover, we expect that the initial wage difference between bachelor and master graduates will become less volatile over time, since employers constantly update their beliefs about graduates’ employability. Controlling for selection into employment and a number of different signals sent by the graduates, we find a persistent advantage of a master’s over a bachelor’s degree. The new degrees, and especially a bachelor’s degree, did indeed serve as a noisy signal about graduates’ productivity in the first years of the Bologna process.

scholarly journals Wszędzie dobrze, ale w domu najlepiej. Analiza decyzji dotyczących kontynuacji nauki na studiach drugiego stopnia na podstawie danych rejestrowych Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego

1970 ◽  
pp. 309-332
Author(s):  
Tomasz Zając Tomasz Zając ◽  
Agata Komendant-Brodowska
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Bologna Process ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Methodological Individualism ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
The University ◽  
The Bologna Process

The aim of the paper is to analyse decisions of first degree graduates concerning continuation of their education on second-degree programmes. One of the changes introduced by the Bologna process was a division of university programmes for the first-degree (bachelor’s degree) and seconddegree (master’s degree) programmes. As a result, a new educational threshold has appeared in the course of higher education and at that threshold students decide whether to continue education and if so, which university and programme to choose. All choices involve various costs and benefits, both to be experienced immediately, as well as those that students plan to achieve or incur in the future. The article presents data on the decisions regarding the continuation of studies in the context of the assumptions of rational choice theory: methodological individualism and rationality of actors. The analysed data come from registers of the University of Warsaw. The most common decision of first-degree graduates at the University is not to change anything: either the programme or mode of study. This result will be explained in the context of assumptions about the preferences of the students.

Critical voices against the Bologna Process in Turkey: Neo-liberal governance in higher education

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 105-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayhan Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Bologna Process ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Governance In Higher Education ◽  
Education In Turkey ◽  
The Bologna Process ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Made In

AbstractThis article analyzes critical voices raised against the Bologna Process by various stake-holders of higher education in Turkey, such as rectors, professors, international office staff, students, and civil society organizations. The data collected through in-depth interviews were analyzed using the discourse analysis method on the basis of the interlocutors’ reflections on the Bologna Process. It is claimed in the article that most universities in Turkey have attempted a process of internationalization and institutionalization, but that there have been several impediments during the implementation of the Bologna Process. Rising Euroskepticism in Turkey has also changed the process of Europeanization in the universities. It is revealed that the structural changes made in line with the Bologna Process are perceived by several different stake-holders as neo-liberal acts, and are presented as activities of internationalization, but not of Europeanization.

scholarly journals UKRAINIAN LEGAL FIELD OF EDUCATION: THE ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
pp. 91-110
Author(s):  
Nataliya Simakova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Bologna Process ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
European Region ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Education Development ◽  
The Status ◽  
European Standards ◽  
The Bologna Process

The article reviewed the "National Doctrine of Education Development in the XXI Century", in particular, which was born in the conditions when the issue of Ukraine’s accession to the Bologna process was discussed. At that time The Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications concerning Higher Education in the European Region (The Lisbon recognition convention (1997) has already received the status of the Law of Ukraine. The main idea of the Convention is to provide all people of the European Region with full use of the source of the diversity of educational systems, to as much as possible facilitate the access of residents of each country and students in the educational institutions to the educational resources of other states, to a certain extent predetermined the ideology of the “National Doctrine”. And although the decision to join the Bologna process at the time of preparing the document was not yet made, however, all of its provisions brought Ukraine closer to the European choice in the field of education, demonstrating its orientation towards European standards and principles.

Modern ethics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Kanke
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Educational Standards ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
State Educational

The textbook analyzes the status of modern ethics, its liberation from metaphysical layers. From these positions, the place of ethics in the system of modern scientific knowledge is consistently considered. It is interpreted as a result of the development of axiological sciences. Great importance is attached to the latest ethical concepts and their philosophical foundations. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for students studying within the group of bachelor's degree courses 47.03.00 "Philosophy, Ethics and Religious studies". It is also of interest to everyone, including students, postgraduates, philosophers, scientists, and a wide range of readers who are interested in the latest achievements of modern science, including philosophy.

scholarly journals Living with the Bologna Process: Recommendations to the German Legal Education Community from a U.S. Perspective

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 863-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel S. Terry
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Bologna Process ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Process Implementation ◽  
Education Community ◽  
The Bologna Process

The Bologna Process is a dramatic development that is less than ten years old, but already it has significantly reshaped higher education in Germany and in Europe. This article is based on my research regarding the history and objectives of the Bologna Process and Bologna Process implementation in Germany. It contains my reflections about the Bologna Process and German legal education and my recommendations to the German legal education community. In order to understand these reflections and recommendations, one needs a certain amount of background information about both the Bologna Process and German legal education. The sections that follow provide that background.

On the problems of the quality of legal education assurance.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Лев Бардин ◽  
Lev Bardin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Bologna Process ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Law Schools ◽  
Educational Standard ◽  
State Educational ◽  
The Bologna Process

More than once it was said that it is objectively impossible to prepare for four years in the university a universal specialist, ready for legal practice immediately after receiving diploma; that is still not found treatment of a disease called "substandard legal education". In 2006, the rector of the Moscow State Law University Oleg Kutafin said: "We hope that the decision on the switchover to the Bologna system for law schools will be canceled "; "In general, I welcome the Bologna process, but it does not mean that we must blindly copy other systems. In our country law schools used to prepare specialists of wide profile, which can then become a judge, a prosecutor, and a lawyer. We believe that breaking this system is dangerous for the legal field of the country ". Unfortunately, so far the hopes of Academician Kutafin do not meet the expectations. Bachelor - Master programs continue to be realized. Rector of Moscow State University. after M.V. Lomonosov Victor Sadovnichy called a mistake the transition to the Bologna system of higher education and proposed to return to the five-year education. There are more cons of implementation of the Bologna system in legal education in Russia is more than pluses. A serious modernization of the specialty programs is required. No less important is the creation of a system of real motivations for teaching staff of law schools, including a decent payment for teaching activities. To promote the quality of educating of lawyers in our country could the system, similar to existing in Germany. On February 16, 2017 Federal state educational standard of Higher education 40.05.04: judicial and prosecutorial activities (level of specialty) was approved. I would like to hope that in the nearest future relevant standards for all Legal specialties time will be approved. If the legal community of Russia will not unite in such an important issue as the transmission of the legal education on the "modernized specialty", and will not make the state to adopt the appropriate decision, then the worst Oleg Kutafin’s fears regarding legal field of the country may come true.

scholarly journals Reclaiming the Idea of the University as a Possible Solution to Today’s Crisis

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Sonia Pavlenko ◽  
Cristina Bojan
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Bologna Process ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
History Of Higher Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The University ◽  
The Bologna Process ◽  
Idea Of The University

Higher education has always been associated in one way or another with crisis. One could even argue that the university has always faced one type of crisis or another. The one debated the most is the economic crisis; however, there are many debates focusing on other types of crisis. Furthermore, all major reforms in the history of higher education (from Humboldt’s reform in 19th century Prussia to the views promoted by Y Gasset against the background of the Spanish revolution, or even the Bologna Process) have arisen as a result of a crisis. Today, the global economic crisis has yet again highlighted the fact that the idea of the university, the very foundation on which it was built, is no longer present when addressing contemporary issues in higher education. Our paper argues that there is an imperative need to reclaim and reconsider the idea of the university, as this could provide a possible solution to today’s crisis in higher education. Furthermore, we will attempt to show the reasons why this should occur, as well as the manner in which it could be achieved. The focus today is on too many minute, detailed aspects of higher education institutions, which are managed, evaluated, quality assured, ranked, assessed and so forth, while the global perspective on the university has been lost/ignored. Today’s crisis could be used as an opportunity to reassess and re-establish a relevant idea for today’s university. 

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