scholarly journals Smoking effect on the cadmium and zinc concentration in smokers and nonsmokers

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Cadmium In Urine ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cadmium Zinc

Studies have shown that cigarette smoking affects the accumulation of some heavy metals in certain tissues and metabolism of essential elements. The aim of the study was to determine the differences in the concentrations of cadmium in the blood and urine and zinc in the urine of smokers and ex-smokers in relation to non-smokers, and to determine the possible influence of cadmium concentration on zinc excretion as an essential element. The study included 106 subjects. Subjects were regular smokers (n=51), ex-smokers (n=38) and non-smokers (n=17). Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) with an electrothermal atomizer was used to determine cadmium. Zinc was determined by AAS with a flame atomizer. There was a significant difference in the values of cadmium in the blood between the groups: smokers and non-smokers (p<0.001), smokers and ex-smokers (p <0.001), and between ex-smokers and non-smokers (p = 0.045). There is a significant positive and strong correlation in the level of zinc and cadmium in urine per gram of creatinine, and as the level of cadmium increases, the level of zinc also increases (rho=0.781; p=0.001). The data indicate that cigarette smoking has been shown to be a factor that can increase cadmium levels to an extent that will significantly increase zinc excretion, or its increased loss.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF ZINC AND CADMIUM IN ANTI-DANDRUFF SHAMPOOS AVAILABLE AT THE LIBYAN MARKET BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fouziya Mabrouk Samhoud ◽  
Entesar Emhamed Abouglaida ◽  
Munsif Abubakr Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption

The present study is carried out to measure zinc and cadmium in twenty samples of anti-dandruff shampoo products commercially available in the localcosmetic markets in Libya. Detection of zinc and cadmium were done by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (FAAS) method. The results showed that cadmium concentration ranged between 0.017 and 9.37 mg.kg−1 while zinc concentration ranged between 25.9mg kg−1and 8300mg.kg−1. These measurements indicated that cadmium and zinc contents in the investigated samples were higher than WHO limits; suggesting that chronological use of these shampoo products would impose serious health risks to human users. Therefore, quality control and concentration optimism should be implemented to assure the safety of cosmetic products. This also can be achieved by improving the processing and manufacturing practices in the industry.

scholarly journals Determination of essential and non-essential element contents of drinking water and baby water for infant’s nutrition

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
Funda Demir ◽  
Meral Yildirim Ozen ◽  
Emek Moroydor Derun
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Element Contents

Abstract In this study, essential (Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Zn), and non-essential (Al, Ni, Pb) element contents of the drinking and baby water samples which are sold in the local market and tap water samples in Istanbul were examined. It was determined that elements of Cr, Cu, Fe, P, Zn, Al, and Ni were below detection limits in all water samples. Among the non-essential elements analyzed in water samples, Pb was the only detected element. At the same time, the percentages that meet the daily element requirements of infants were also calculated. As a result of the evaluations made, there is no significant difference in infant nutrition between baby waters and other drinking waters in terms of the element content.

Mineral Content Removal after Papacarie Application in Primary Teeth: A Quantitative Analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
ST Bittencourt ◽  
JR Pereira ◽  
AW Rosa ◽  
KS Oliveira ◽  
JS Ghizoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Cavity Preparation ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The aim of this study was to quantify the mineral content removed from primary teeth after using a chemomechanical system, called Papacarie®. Materials: Twenty human primary extracted molars were divided into two groups of 10 specimens each. Group A presented sound molars and Group B decayed molars on the occlusal or occlusal-proximal surface. In Group A, cavities in enamel and dentin with high speed drills were made before treatment. All teeth were treated with Papacárie® following the manufacturer's instructions. Each cavity was filled in with the product, allowing curing for 45 seconds, and then removed with the noncutting edge of the curette. The collected material was sent for laboratory analysis using atomic absorption spectrophotometry technique. Medians for each group were calculated through the application of Mann-Whitney and a statistically significant difference (p &lt;0005) was observed. To verify the quantity of calcium removed from sound tissue, the median of calcium in group A (0.08% Ca) was compared with that of the gold standard (0.04% Ca), which showed a close correlation of values between them. Results indicate that the amount of calcium removed with Papacárie® affects only the carious component of teeth. This goes in accordance with the principles of cavity preparation and follows the current philosophy of preventive dentistry.

Plasma Cadmium and Zinc in Human Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Thind ◽  
Grace M. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Peripheral Venous Blood ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cadmium Zinc

1. Plasma cadmium and zinc were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in inferior venal caval or peripheral venous blood in thirty hypertensive patients and fifteen normal subjects. 2. The mean plasma cadmium in hypertensive patients was significantly higher than in normal control subjects. 3. The plasma cadmium/zinc ratio was significantly greater in hypertensive patients. 4. There was a significant positive correlation between the plasma cadmium/zinc ratio and the mean arterial blood pressure.

Essential Elements in Unprocessed and Processed Frankfurters

1982 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 707-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. MARRIOTT ◽  
A. LOPEZ ◽  
H. L. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Element Content ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Element Loss ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Content of 16 essential elements was determined in three kinds of frankfurters by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The element content of frankfurter batter was compared with processed frankfurters. There were larger (P&lt;0.05) amounts of sodium in beef; colbalt, manganese and sodium in chicken; and manganese, potassium and sodium in meat frankfurters (beef and pork) after processing. Chicken samples contained less (P&lt;0.05) chloride and potassium after processing. All frankfurters studied were superior sources of iron and zinc and fair sources of potassium when compared to other foodstuffs. Element retention ranged from 80.9% to over 100%. Data suggest that processing had minimal effects on element loss.

Essential Elements in Dry and Canned Butter Beans (Phaseolus limensis L.)

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-206
Author(s):  
ANTHONY LOPEZ ◽  
HARRIET L. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Element Content ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Process Element

Ten essential elements were determined in dry and canned butter beans (Phaseolus limensis L.) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Samples were taken at different stages during the canning process to determine where changes in element content occurred. The content of each sample was compared statistically to other samples taken within the process. Element retention, excluding chloride and sodium, ranged from 51 to 84% on a dry weight basis, and 14 to 24% on wet weight basis.

LEAD AND ZINC IN FINGER NAILS AND SCALP HAIR OF ADULT MALES IN KENYA

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-108
Author(s):  
James Ndiritu ◽  
Ruth Wanjau ◽  
Jane Murungi
Keyword(s):  
Scalp Hair ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Finger Nail ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Lead and zinc concentrations were determined in scalp hair and finger nails of exposed and unexposed males by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The mean levels of Pb in the finger nails ranged from 50-480 μg/g, and 50-240 μg/g for exposed and unexposed males respectively. The mean levels of Pb in the scalp hair ranged from 30-410 μg/g, and 30-200 μg/g for exposed and unexposed males respectively. The mean levels of Zn in the finger nails ranged from 40-400 μg/g and 80-450 μg/g for exposed and unexposed males respectively, while in the scalp hair the mean levels of Zn ranged from 30-490 μg/g and 50-440 μg/g for exposed and unexposed males respectively. The study established that there was a negative correlation between Pb and essential element Zn in both scalp hair and finger nail samples of unexposed male respondents. However, Pb was found to have a positive correlation with Zn in the finger nails and scalp hair samples for the exposed males. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) indicated when Pb and Zn mean levels were compared in the combined samples of finger nails and scalp hair. Comparing the mean lead concentration in scalp hair with finger nails a significant difference was indicated in the two tissues (P<0.05). Human hair and finger nails are therefore recording filaments that can reflect metabolic changes over long period of time and hence furnish a print out of post nutritional event of dietary levels of some of the essential elements.

Essential Elements in Dry and Canned Chick Peas (Cicer arietinum L.)

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 574-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTHONY LOPEZ ◽  
HARRIET L. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Process Element

Ten essential elements were determined in dry and canned chick peas (Cicer arietinum L.) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Samples were taken at different stages during the canning process to determine where changes in element content occurred. The content of each sample was compared statistically to other samples taken within the process. Element retention, excluding chloride and sodium, ranged from 12 to 127% on a dry weight basis and 4 to 45% on wet weight basis.

ACCUMULATION OF LEAD AND OTHER TOXIC METALS BY AQUATIC PLANTS

2018 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
I. V. Tropin ◽  
S. A. Ostroumov
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Elodea Densa

Three toxic metals-lead, copper and zinc - were measured in the biomass of the aquatic higher plants of Elodea densa. The method of atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used. Plants were incubated at elevated concentrations of three metals in the aqueous medium. This has led to a significant increase in lead content in plant biomass. Namely, the concentration of lead in biomass increased to 1567% compared to the background concentration of this element in the biomass in the control (the background concentration was taken as 100%). After incubation, the concentration of copper in the biomass was 594% of the background concentration. After similar incubation, zinc concentration was 133% of the background concentration. The results can be useful in the analysis of biological monitoring and water purification.

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