The Optimization of Canola Crop Production through Wheat Residue Management within a Western Canadian Context—A Case Study of Saint-Front, Saskatchewan

In this study, the processes of wheat residue degradation in combination with various tillage treatments were explored to determine the ideal management prescription for maximizing canola crop production. A field experiment within a western Canadian context (near Saint-Front, Saskatchewan), consisting of a 2 × 3 factorial design, was conducted to determine the fate of crop residue under different harvest and treatment scenarios. ATR-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, FTIR spectromicroscopy, and synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging (SR-XFI) were used to explore wheat residue degradation mechanisms. The results indicated maximum canola yields and residue degradation occurred in combination with a combine outfitted with an aftermarket chopper and post-harvest treatment by harrow. Crop residue degradation was attributed to cellulose/linen hydrolysis and supramolecular structure changes from high crystalline to amorphous cellulose. Multi-element loss usually accompanied crop residue degradation. An important aspect of this study is the adoption of field-scale analysis to accurately portray real-world sustainable management techniques within a western Canadian context. The findings provided an optimal combination of crop residue treatment and tillage treatment to increase canola production, which had the potential ability to be applied in other countries. It is also an initial attempt to develop a technical composite of FTIR spectromicroscopy and SR-XFI for examining the mechanism of residue decomposition.

Fragility and robustness analysis of a multistorey RC building

The robustness of a reinforced concrete (RC) five-storey building (frame system stiffened by walls) is analysed in the paper. A high ductility class structure is designed in accordance with structural Eurocodes. The response of the structure to eight different scenarios of the ground floor vertical element loss is analysed. Nonlinear Static Analysis (NSA) and Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis (NDA) methods are used for the robustness analysis. Fragility curves of the building are derived from statistical analysis of these results. The values obtained through NSA and NDA, damage limit states of the system, and fragility curves, are compared. The influence of the position of the removed element on robustness of the structure is also analysed.

The Steel Truss Tower (Derricks) Structure Evaluation In Buckling Analysis

Tarakan was an oil-producing city had been known since 1896 that were explored in first time in authorized by Bataavishe Petroleum Maatchapij (BPM). The derrick was a petroleum drilling facility that were performed in steel truss structure. The derrick prototype had been modeled in 3D truss by utilizing SAP2000. The models had been classified into 2 models: perfect and imperfect models. The imperfections denoted by the percentage of elements loses (IM20, IM24), and IM16). Buckling analysis consisted in linear and nonlinear analysis had been evaluated. The 3D solid model (Abaqus) also performed for single element buckling. The results showed that perfect derrick model satisfied the strength and stability requirement . The percentage of element loss reduced the capacity 9.45%-37.83%. The IM16 model buckled at 4.27 T were based on nonlinear analysis and 18.50 T were based on linear analysis. The single elemen buckling was 20,63% of the largest compressive element

Application of micro-PIXE (particle induced X-ray emission) to study buckwheat grain structure and composition

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) is a gluten-free pseudo-cereal crop with a grain nutrient profile that makes it an excellent alternative foodstuff. The distribution of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) was investigated by micro-PIXE (particle induced X-ray emission) to resolve allocation and concentration of the elements in nine distinct grain tissues. Magnesium, P and S were preferentially allocated to the cotyledons and the embryonic axis (both inner and outer tissues), and Ca was predominant in the pericarp where two Ca-rich layers were observed. Allocation of P and S to aleurone suggests that this layer of cells, although not as prominent as in cereal grain, is rich in phytate and proteins. Quantitative information on spatial distribution of mineral elements in the edible grain may be useful in the technological processing of the grain and particularly in reducing the amount of mineral-element loss during milling.

A general method to synthesize and sinter bulk ceramics in seconds

Ceramics are an important class of materials with widespread applications because of their high thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability. Computational predictions based on first principles methods can be a valuable tool in accelerating materials discovery to develop improved ceramics. It is essential to experimentally confirm the material properties of such predictions. However, materials screening rates are limited by the long processing times and the poor compositional control from volatile element loss in conventional ceramic sintering techniques. To overcome these limitations, we developed an ultrafast high-temperature sintering (UHS) process for the fabrication of ceramic materials by radiative heating under an inert atmosphere. We provide several examples of the UHS process to demonstrate its potential utility and applications, including advancements in solid-state electrolytes, multicomponent structures, and high-throughput materials screening.

Darkening and vocalisation of /l/ in English: an Element Theory account

The lateral approximant in General British English (GB) is realised as light when occurring in the onset (leaf), and as dark in the rhyme (help, feel, google). Non-prevocalic positions are typical contexts for lenition, analysed in Element Theory as decomposition in weak positions. However, it is unclear how velarisation can be characterised as element loss if light [l] is represented as |A I|, while dark [ɫ] is represented as |A U|. Therefore, I propose that laterals in GB contain both the coronal |I| and the velar |U| element underlyingly (in addition to |A|), but because these cannot combine in a compound segment in English, they are both floating. Their association at the phrase level is determined by the apophonic chain (Guerssel & Lowenstamm 1996), mapped onto the structure of the syllable: |I| is attracted to the prevocalic position, |A| to the vocalic position and |U| to the postvocalic position. Darkening thus does not involve lenition of /l/, but partial interpretation in all positions. In contrast, I analyse vocalisation of dark [ɫ] as lenition, involving loss of |A| in weak positions. I integrate the lateral into the system of glides in English, and establish a typology of its behaviour across different accents.