LEAD AND ZINC IN FINGER NAILS AND SCALP HAIR OF ADULT MALES IN KENYA

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-108
Author(s):  
James Ndiritu ◽  
Ruth Wanjau ◽  
Jane Murungi
Keyword(s):  
Scalp Hair ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Finger Nail ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Lead and zinc concentrations were determined in scalp hair and finger nails of exposed and unexposed males by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The mean levels of Pb in the finger nails ranged from 50-480 μg/g, and 50-240 μg/g for exposed and unexposed males respectively. The mean levels of Pb in the scalp hair ranged from 30-410 μg/g, and 30-200 μg/g for exposed and unexposed males respectively. The mean levels of Zn in the finger nails ranged from 40-400 μg/g and 80-450 μg/g for exposed and unexposed males respectively, while in the scalp hair the mean levels of Zn ranged from 30-490 μg/g and 50-440 μg/g for exposed and unexposed males respectively. The study established that there was a negative correlation between Pb and essential element Zn in both scalp hair and finger nail samples of unexposed male respondents. However, Pb was found to have a positive correlation with Zn in the finger nails and scalp hair samples for the exposed males. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) indicated when Pb and Zn mean levels were compared in the combined samples of finger nails and scalp hair. Comparing the mean lead concentration in scalp hair with finger nails a significant difference was indicated in the two tissues (P<0.05). Human hair and finger nails are therefore recording filaments that can reflect metabolic changes over long period of time and hence furnish a print out of post nutritional event of dietary levels of some of the essential elements.

scholarly journals Determination of essential and non-essential element contents of drinking water and baby water for infant’s nutrition

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
Funda Demir ◽  
Meral Yildirim Ozen ◽  
Emek Moroydor Derun
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Element Contents

Abstract In this study, essential (Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Zn), and non-essential (Al, Ni, Pb) element contents of the drinking and baby water samples which are sold in the local market and tap water samples in Istanbul were examined. It was determined that elements of Cr, Cu, Fe, P, Zn, Al, and Ni were below detection limits in all water samples. Among the non-essential elements analyzed in water samples, Pb was the only detected element. At the same time, the percentages that meet the daily element requirements of infants were also calculated. As a result of the evaluations made, there is no significant difference in infant nutrition between baby waters and other drinking waters in terms of the element content.

scholarly journals Determination of Arsenic in Scalp Hair Samples from Exposed Subjects Using Microwave-Assisted Digestion With and Without Enrichment Based on Cloud Point Extraction by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasneem Gul Kazi ◽  
Jameel Ahmad Baig ◽  
Abdul Qadir Shah ◽  
Ghulam Abbas Kandhro ◽  
Sumaira Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Cloud Point Extraction ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Microwave Assisted Digestion

Abstract A simple and rapid cloud point extraction (CPE) procedure was applied for preconcentration of trace quantities of arsenic (As) in scalp hair samples. The samples were subjected to microwave-assisted digestion in a mixture of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide (2 + 1, v/v) prior to preconcentration by CPE. The As in digested samples was complexed with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC), and the resultant As-PDC complex was extracted by a nonionic surfactant, octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (Triton X-114). After centrifugation, the surfactant-rich phase was diluted with 0.1 M HNO3 in methanol and analyzed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The experimental parameters, i.e., amount of APDC, concentration of Triton X-114, equilibrium temperature and time, were optimized. For validation of the proposed method, a certified reference material (CRM) of human hair (BCR 397) was used. No significant difference (P&gt;0.05) was observed between the experimental results and certified values of the CRM (paired t-test). The LOD and LOQ obtained under the optimal conditions were 0.025 and 0.083 μg/kg, respectively. The developed method was applied for the determination of As in scalp hair samples from male and female subjects of two villages of Khairpur Mir's, Pakistan.

scholarly journals Concentration of Zinc, Copper, Selenium, Manganese, and Cu/Zn Ratio in Hair of Children and Adolescents with Myopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Fedor ◽  
Beata Urban ◽  
Katarzyna Socha ◽  
Jolanta Soroczyńska ◽  
Małgorzata Krętowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Insignificant Difference ◽  
Eye Examination

The aim of this work was to determine the concentration of trace elements, zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, and Cu/Zn ratio, in scalp hair samples of children and adolescents with myopia. The study included 92 children (mean age 14.5 ± 2.5 years) with myopia and 43 healthy persons (mean age 11.8 ± 4.7 years). Each patient had a complete eye examination. Trace element concentrations in hair were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Cu/Zn ratio was also calculated. The zinc level in the hair of myopic patients was significantly higher (260 µg/g) in comparison to the control group (130 µg/g). There was a significantly lower Cu/Zn ratio in myopic patients (0.045) compared with controls (0.07). An insignificant difference was observed in the hair level of copper, selenium, and manganese between patients and controls. The results show that trace elements may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of myopia. Further studies should pay more attention to determine the effect of trace element on children myopia.

scholarly journals Smoking effect on the cadmium and zinc concentration in smokers and nonsmokers

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Cadmium In Urine ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cadmium Zinc

Studies have shown that cigarette smoking affects the accumulation of some heavy metals in certain tissues and metabolism of essential elements. The aim of the study was to determine the differences in the concentrations of cadmium in the blood and urine and zinc in the urine of smokers and ex-smokers in relation to non-smokers, and to determine the possible influence of cadmium concentration on zinc excretion as an essential element. The study included 106 subjects. Subjects were regular smokers (n=51), ex-smokers (n=38) and non-smokers (n=17). Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) with an electrothermal atomizer was used to determine cadmium. Zinc was determined by AAS with a flame atomizer. There was a significant difference in the values of cadmium in the blood between the groups: smokers and non-smokers (p<0.001), smokers and ex-smokers (p <0.001), and between ex-smokers and non-smokers (p = 0.045). There is a significant positive and strong correlation in the level of zinc and cadmium in urine per gram of creatinine, and as the level of cadmium increases, the level of zinc also increases (rho=0.781; p=0.001). The data indicate that cigarette smoking has been shown to be a factor that can increase cadmium levels to an extent that will significantly increase zinc excretion, or its increased loss.

Arsenic Content in Smokeless Tobacco Products Consumed by the Population of Pakistan: Related Health Risk

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 1662-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Sadia Arain ◽  
Tasneem Gul Kazi ◽  
Hassan Imran Afridi ◽  
Kapil Dev Brahman ◽  
Naeemullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Moist Snuff

Abstract Extensive investigation has shown that smokeless tobacco (SLT) may cause inflammation of the oral cavity. In this study, the concentration of arsenic (As) was determined in SLT products (gutkha, mainpuri, and dry and moist snuff). Scalp hair samples of males aged 20–30 years who consumed different types of SLT products available in Pakistan were analyzed for As contents. Total As in different SLT products and in scalp hair was determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave-assisted extraction. The validity of the methodology was tested by simultaneously analyzing certified reference materials and spike recovery studies. The range of As concentrations in moist snuff, dry snuff, gutkha, and mainpuri were 0.574–1.53, 0.642–1.07, 0.246–0.622, and 0.419–0.874 μg/g, respectively. We estimated that a daily intake of 10 g of all SLT products could contribute 2.0–12.2% of the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake for As in adults. The As concentration in scalp hair of SLT consumers was higher than that of referents who had not consumed any type of tobacco products.

Evaluation of toxic metals in biological samples (scalp hair, blood and urine) of steel mill workers by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 381-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan I Afridi ◽  
Tasneem G Kazi ◽  
Mohammad K Jamali ◽  
Gul H Kazi ◽  
Mohammad B Arain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Steel Mill ◽  
Hair Samples

The determination of toxic metals in the biological samples of human beings is an important clinical screening procedure. This study aimed to assess the possible influence of environmental exposure on production workers (PW) and quality control workers (QCW) of a steel mill, all male subjects aged 25-55 years. In this investigation, the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni and Cr were determined in biological samples (blood, urine and scalp hair samples) from these steel mill workers in relation to controlled unexposed healthy subjects of the same age group. After pre-treatment with nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide, the samples were digested via a microwave oven, and for comparison purposes, the same samples were digested by the conventional wet acid digestion method. The samples digested were subjected to graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). To assess the reliability of these methods, critical factors, such as detection limit(s), calibration range(s), accuracy and precision, were studied. Quality control for these procedures was established with certified sample of human hair, urine and whole blood. The results indicate that the level of lead, cadmium and nickel in scalp hair, blood and urine samples were significantly higher in both groups of exposed workers (QW and PW) than those of the controls. The possible connection of these elements with the etiology of disease is discussed. The results also show the need for immediate improvements in workplace ventilation and industrial hygiene practices. Toxicology and Industrial Health 2006; 22: 381-393.

scholarly journals Reproduction of Cubaris murina (Crustacea: Isopoda) under laboratory conditions and its use in ecotoxicity tests

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC. Niemeyer ◽  
VC. Santos ◽  
PB. Araújo ◽  
EM. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Offspring Number ◽  
Terrestrial Ecotoxicity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Ecotoxicity Testing ◽  
Ecotoxicity Tests ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

Reproduction of the isopod Cubaris murina was studied in the laboratory in order to observe the offspring number per brood, the number and duration of the incubation periods, and the influence of repeated mating on number of young per brood. An experiment was conducted with two different groups: female/male pairs and females that were isolated after mating. No significant difference was found between the two reproductive female groups for the mean number of young per brood (x = 25) and the duration of the incubation periods (x = 17 days). One mating was enough for at least five broods, with no reduction in brood size. There was no significant difference between the number of adult males and females. Low-density cultures had a significantly higher growth rate compared to high-density cultures. Furthermore, the experimental results for optimization isopod culture conditions for terrestrial ecotoxicity testing are reported.

A skeletochronological estimation of age structure of a population of the paddy frog, Fejervarya multistriata, from the central east of China

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Lixia Zhang ◽  
Yongsun Sheng ◽  
Xiangyu Yuan ◽  
Xueting Zhong ◽  
Xiaohong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Abstract Age determination is crucial for a full understanding of population dynamics. In this context, we studied the age structure of the paddy frog, Fejervarya multistriata, in a population from the central east of China, using a skeletochronological method. The lines of arrested growth in the phalanges were distinct, and each line was assumed to represent one year of age. Ages ranged between one and four years for adult males and two and four years for adult females. No significant difference was observed in the mean adult age between the sexes. In addition, a significant relationship between age and body size within each sex was detected. Results of ANCOVA analysis suggested a significant difference in body size between sexes when the effect of age was removed. The von-Bertalanffy model showed that females had a larger asymptotic body size than males, and the growth rate of females was higher than that of males. Therefore, the growth rate is a major factor underlying body size patterns in both sexes of F. multistriata in the study population.

scholarly journals Essential (Mg, Fe, Zn and Cu) and Non-Essential (Cd and Pb) Elements in Predatory Insects (Vespa crabro and Vespa velutina): A Molecular Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Giulia Andreani ◽  
Enea Ferlizza ◽  
Riccardo Cabbri ◽  
Micaela Fabbri ◽  
Elisa Bellei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Vespa Velutina ◽  
Vespa Crabro ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography

The recent introduction of the Asian yellow-legged hornet, Vespa velutina, into Europe has raised concern regarding the threat to honeybees and the competition with the European hornet, Vespa crabro. The aim of this study was to investigated essential (Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu) and non-essential (Cd and Pb) elements in these two species. Element concentrations were determined in the whole body and separately in the head, thorax and abdomen using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The changes in essential element concentration and speciation during metamorphosis were also studied using size exclusion chromatography followed by AAS and proteomic analysis. In both species, the essential elements were more concentrated in the abdomen due to the presence of fat bodies. Magnesium, Fe and Zn concentrations were significantly higher in V. crabro than in V. velutina and could have been related to the higher aerobic energy demand of the former species required to sustain foraging flight. Low concentrations of Cd and Pb were indicative of low environmental exposure. The concentration and speciation of essential elements, particularly Fe, varied among the developmental stages, indicating a modification of ligand preferences during metamorphosis. Overall, the results in the present study provide a better understanding of the hornet metal metabolism and a foundation for additional studies.

scholarly journals Effect of Ultrasound Agitation on the Release of Heavy Elements in Certified Reference Material of Human Hair (CRM BCR 397)

2006 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1410-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasneem G Kazi ◽  
Hassan I Afridi ◽  
Mohammad K Jamall ◽  
Gul H Kazi ◽  
Mohammad B Arain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Hair Samples

Abstract An ultrasonic-assisted leaching procedure was developed for the determination of heavy elements (As, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn) in Certified Reference Material of human hair (CRM 397) provided from the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) of the Commission of the European Community. Concentrated nitric acid30% hydrogen peroxide (2 + 1) was used for the leaching method. The effects of different factors on acid leaching of elements, such as presonication time (without ultrasonic stirring), sonication or exposure time to ultrasound, and temperature of the ultrasonic bath have been investigated. Optimum values of these parameters were selected for the maximum extraction of heavy metals from CRM BCR 397 and human scalp hair samples of normal healthy males. To check the validity of the proposed method, a wet acid digestion method was used to obtain the total elemental concentration in CRM BCR 397 and scalp hair samples. Cu and Zn in leachate and digests were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry using a conventional air/acetylene flame, while As, Cd, and Pd were determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Under optimized conditions, the recovery for Zn, Cd, Pd, As, and Cu was 98, 98.5, 97.5, 98.2, and 95%, respectively, of those obtained with the wet acid digestion method.

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