RISCO DE MOVIMENTO DE MASSA: CONCEITOS, METODOLOGIAS E APLICAÇÕES

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1234-1253
Author(s):  
Andreza Dos Santos Louzeiro ◽  
Caroline Barros de Sales ◽  
Débora Leyse Medeiros Mendes ◽  
Pedro Henrique Godeiro Lima
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
The Subject

O estudo dos riscos requer o conhecimento de fatos históricos que deram início a esse tipo de temática. Além disso, no âmbito da Geografia os riscos ganham destaque pois assumem um papel fundamental que reúne abordagens socioambientais. Sendo assim, a pesquisa tem como objetivo entender como a Geografia atua na temática dos riscos de movimento de massa e qual a importância desse tema para tomadas de decisão. Para alcançar este objetivo, foi necessário utilizar a garimpagem de livros, trabalhos publicados em revista, teses, dissertações e monografias que tratam sobre o tema no que se refere ao histórico e metodologias aplicadas e ainda houve a análise de documentos que ajudassem a entender como o estudo do risco pode ser utilizado para o planejamento territorial.Palavras-chave: Risco. Movimento de massa. Geografia. ABSTRACTThe study of risks requires the knowledge of historical facts that started this type of topic. In addition, in the scope of geography the risks are highlighted as they play a fundamental role that brings together socio-environmental approaches. Thus, the research aims to understand how Geography works on the issue of mass movement risks and how important this issue is for decision making. In order to achieve this goal, it was necessary to use the prospecting of books, papers published in magazines, theses, dissertations and monographs that deal with the subject with regard to the history and applied methodologies, and the analysis of documents that helped to understand how the risk study can be used for territorial planning.Key-words: Risk. Mass Moviment. Geography. RESUMENEl estudio de riesgos requiere el conocimiento de hechos históricos que iniciaron este tipo de tema. Además, dentro de Geografía, los riesgos se destacan porque asumen un papel fundamental que reúne enfoques sociales y ambientales. Por lo tanto, la investigación tiene como objetivo comprender cómo actúa la geografía sobre el tema de los riesgos del movimiento de masas y cuál es la importancia de este tema para la toma de decisiones. Para lograr este objetivo, fue necesario utilizar la panorámica de libros, artículos publicados en revistas, tesis, disertaciones y monografías que tratan el tema de la historia y las metodologías aplicadas, y también se realizó el análisis de documentos que ayudaron a comprender cómo El estudio de riesgos se puede utilizar para la planificación territorial.Palabras clave: riesgo. Movimiento de masas. Geografía

scholarly journals Análisis económico financiero del hotel cabañas balandra de la ciudad de Manta, 2017-2018

ECA Sinergia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Susy Tatiana Toala Mendoza ◽  
Rossana Dolores Toala Mendoza ◽  
José Iván Zambrano Farías ◽  
María José Valarezo Molina
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Quantitative Investigation ◽  
Financial Report ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
The Subject

  La hotelería es una rama del turismo que abarca los servicios de alojamiento en diversos establecimientos, para lo cual se realizó un análisis al informe económico y financiero del Hotel Cabañas Balandra correspondiente al año 2017 y 2018 encaminado a la toma de decisiones. Esta empresa hotelera arroja resultados económicos que permiten conocer que ha existido deficiencia en la administración de sus recursos, a pesar que ese encuentra posesionado como uno de los mejores hoteles a nivel nacional. Para este estudio se utilizó como técnica la revisión bibliográfica de las definiciones esenciales para comprender la temática, método analítico y deductivo. Investigación de carácter cuantitativa porque se revisó estados financieros proporcionados por la Superintendencia de Compañías. Se aplicaron indicadores financieros: liquidez, endeudamiento, rentabilidad y actividad. Los mismos que demuestran una pequeña falencia en la liquidez en sus últimos años, el nivel de endeudamiento, patrimonio estable y rentabilidad equilibrada.   Palabras clave: contabilidad; auditoría; indicadores financieros; regulación.   ABSTRACT The hotel industry is a branch of tourism that covers accommodation services in various establishments, for which an analysis was carried out on the economic and financial report of the Hotel Cabañas Balandra corresponding to the year 2017 and 2018 aimed at decision-making. This hotel company produces economic results that allow us to know that there has been a deficiency in the administration of its resources, despite the fact that it is positioned as one of the best hotels nationwide. For this study, the bibliographic review of the essential definitions to understand the subject, analytical and deductive method was used as a technique. Quantitative investigation because financial statements provided by the Superintendency of Companies were reviewed. Financial indicators were applied: liquidity, indebtedness, profitability and activity. The same ones that show a small deficiency in liquidity in their last years, the level of indebtedness, stable equity and balanced profitability.   Keywords: accounting; auditing; financial indicators; regulation.

scholarly journals Escuela y comunidad: tendencias, incertidumbres y elementos para una discusión pendiente

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (28) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Velásquez ◽  
Christian Miranda Jaña
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
School Community ◽  
Instrumental Rationality ◽  
School And Community ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
The Subject

RESUMEN En este artículo se presentan los resultados de una revisión bibliográfica que busca exponer los hallazgos de investigaciones sobre el vínculo entre escuela y comunidad, identificando en los investigadores dos focos de interés relacionados con el tema: a) ciudadanía y participación y b) la familia en la escuela. A partir de estas tendencias, se constata que las escuelas, guiadas por una racionalidad instrumental, restringen la participación y la toma de decisiones a estudiantes y familias, dificultando la construcción de una verdadera comunidad y que los profesores son percibidos como actores clave para propiciar o restringir la participación.Palabras clave: Escuela, comunidad, participación, familia.School and Community: Trends, uncertainties and elements for a pending discussion ABSTRACT This article presents results from a bibliographical review which intends to show findings of a research about links between school and community, identifying two perspectives of interest related to the subject in the researchers: a) citizenship and participation, and b) family in school. From these trends, it is validated that schools guided by an instrumental rationality limit the involvement and decision-making actions of students and families, making the construction of a true community more difficult and perceiving teachers as key figures who contribute or limit participation.Keywords: School, community, participation, family.

scholarly journals Gestión de conocimiento desde el aprendizaje basado en realidades apoyado en la simulación: Casos de Aplicación / Knowledge Management from Realities Based Learning Supported by Simulation: Application Cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Milton César García Castiblanco
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
The Real ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Support Decision Making

ABSTRACTThis report is part of the experience as a teacher for five years, the subject of simulation programs Systems Engineering. The simulation is to build computer models that describe the essential part of the behavior of a system of interest. As well as designing and conducting experiments with such models in order to draw conclusions from their results to support decision-making. A typical question of students to the knowledge received from many of the issues during his career is: What is the actual use can give this issue? In the case of simulation this situation is more complex because the basics needed to make the most of this course are acquired in the first semester, in different subjects and not generally work transversely. In my experience I have found that the best way with which the student can understand the use that can give you the knowledge acquired is to face real situations, not just cases of typical study such as business, but situations that happen in your environment real, at the moment of learning. This document will not only reference to based on realities but also to the real problems which have achieved together with my students apply the knowledge acquired learning.RESUMENEste informe hace parte de las experiencias como docente durante cinco años, de la asignatura de simulación en programas de Ingeniería de Sistemas. La simulación consiste en construir modelos informáticos que describen la parte esencial del comportamiento de un sistema de interés. Así como en diseñar y realizar experimentos con tales modelos con el fin de extraer conclusiones de sus resultados para apoyar la toma de decisiones. Una pregunta típica de los estudiantes ante el conocimiento recibido de los temas durante su carrera es: ¿Cuál es el uso real que puedo darle? Para la simulación esta situación es más compleja dado que los conceptos básicos necesarios para esta asignatura son adquiridos en los primeros semestres, en asignaturas diferentes y que no se trabajan transversalmente. En mi experiencia he encontrado que la mejor forma para que el estudiante entienda el uso que le puede dar a su conocimiento, es enfrentarse a situaciones reales, no solo a casos de estudio típico, sino a situaciones que suceden en su entorno real, en el momento actual de su aprendizaje. Este documento no solo hará referencia al aprendizaje basado en realidades sino también a los problemas reales trabajados con mis estudiantes aplicando el conocimiento adquirido. Contacto principal: [email protected]

scholarly journals Evolución de las Funciones de Utilidad para la Toma de Decisiones

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-43
Author(s):  
Emilio El Alabi ◽  
Gastón Milanesi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Expected Utility Theory ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Utility Functions ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Petersburg Paradox

ResumenLa toma de decisiones bajo riesgo e incertidumbre ha sido estudiada desde hace cientos de años con el objetivo de establecer un consenso normativo en el verdadero comportamiento de las personas ante este tipo de situaciones. En el siguiente trabajo, se presenta una reseña bibliográfica desarrollando, de manera cronológica, la evolución de las funciones de utilidad postuladas por los autores más relevantes en esta rama de estudio. Si bien son numerosos los autores que han abordado el tema, se comenzará explicando la teoría del valor esperado, la paradoja de San Petersburgo, la teoría de la utilidad esperada, el aporte tanto de Friedman y Savage como de Markowitz, para culminar detallando la teoría prospectiva de Kahneman y Tversky. Palabras clave: toma de decisiones, funciones de utilidad, riesgo e incertidumbre.AbstractAcademics have been studying decision making under risk and uncertainty for hundreds of years in order to determine the actual behavior of individuals. Throughout this paper, we present, chronologically, the most relevant state of the art in utility functions developed by the most well-known authors. Even though there are numerous authors who have studied the subject, we begin explaining expected value theory (Huygens, 1657), St. Petersburg Paradox (Bernoulli, 1738), expected utility theory (von Neumann & Morgenstern, 1944), contributions not only from Friedman and Savage (1948) but also from Markowitz (1952), and we end up detailing prospect theory (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979).Keywords: decision making, utility functions, risk and uncertainty.JEL: D01, D03, D81. 

scholarly journals El desarrollo de competencias en la universidad a través del aprendizaje-servicio / Developing University Student's Competences through Service-Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-282
Author(s):  
Sara Ibarrola-García
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Service Learning ◽  
University Students ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Social Perspective ◽  
Trabajo En Equipo ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Estudiantes Universitarios

ABSTRACTThe objective is to observe in a sample of 155 university students if after participating in the same service-learning experience they manifest similar or different perceptions regarding the understanding of the contents of a subject and the implementation of some skills and attitudes. The data collected show that, the experience helps them to think on the contents studied in the subject. They also perceive that they can develop professional skills, emphasizing to a greater extent the team work, the capacity for reflection, decision making and initiative. From a social perspective, service learning promotes reflection on cultural and communicative differences.RESUMENSe presenta el aprendizaje-servicio como una metodología que favorece el desarrollo competencial en la Educación Superior. Se observa, en una muestra de 155 estudiantes universitarios, si manifiestan percepciones similares o diferentes respecto a la comprensión de los contenidos de una asignatura y la puesta en práctica de algunas habilidades y actitudes. Los datos recogidos ponen de manifiesto que, la experiencia de aprendizaje-servicio les ha ayudada a pensar  sobre los contenidos estudiados; ha favorecido el trabajo en equipo, la capacidad de reflexión, la toma de decisiones y la iniciativa así como la reflexión sobre diferencias culturales y comunicativas.

The Priority of Democracy

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Knight ◽  
James Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Federal Reserve ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Institutional Choice ◽  
Democratic Process ◽  
Strong Case ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

Pragmatism and its consequences are central issues in American politics today, yet scholars rarely examine in detail the relationship between pragmatism and politics. This book systematically explores the subject and makes a strong case for adopting a pragmatist approach to democratic politics—and for giving priority to democracy in the process of selecting and reforming political institutions. What is the primary value of democracy? When should we make decisions democratically and when should we rely on markets? And when should we accept the decisions of unelected officials, such as judges or bureaucrats? This book explores how a commitment to pragmatism should affect our answers to such important questions. It concludes that democracy is a good way of determining how these kinds of decisions should be made—even if what the democratic process determines is that not all decisions should be made democratically. So, for example, the democratically elected U.S. Congress may legitimately remove monetary policy from democratic decision-making by putting it under the control of the Federal Reserve. This book argues that pragmatism offers an original and compelling justification of democracy in terms of the unique contributions democratic institutions can make to processes of institutional choice. This focus highlights the important role that democracy plays, not in achieving consensus or commonality, but rather in addressing conflicts. Indeed, the book suggest that democratic politics is perhaps best seen less as a way of reaching consensus or agreement than as a way of structuring the terms of persistent disagreement.

scholarly journals Legal and Technical Feasibility of the GDPR’s Quest for Explanation of Algorithmic Decisions: of Black Boxes, White Boxes and Fata Morganas

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja BRKAN ◽  
Grégory BONNET
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
Legal Limits ◽  
Black Boxes ◽  
General Data ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Automated Decision Making

Understanding of the causes and correlations for algorithmic decisions is currently one of the major challenges of computer science, addressed under an umbrella term “explainable AI (XAI)”. Being able to explain an AI-based system may help to make algorithmic decisions more satisfying and acceptable, to better control and update AI-based systems in case of failure, to build more accurate models, and to discover new knowledge directly or indirectly. On the legal side, the question whether the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) provides data subjects with the right to explanation in case of automated decision-making has equally been the subject of a heated doctrinal debate. While arguing that the right to explanation in the GDPR should be a result of interpretative analysis of several GDPR provisions jointly, the authors move this debate forward by discussing the technical and legal feasibility of the explanation of algorithmic decisions. Legal limits, in particular the secrecy of algorithms, as well as technical obstacles could potentially obstruct the practical implementation of this right. By adopting an interdisciplinary approach, the authors explore not only whether it is possible to translate the EU legal requirements for an explanation into the actual machine learning decision-making, but also whether those limitations can shape the way the legal right is used in practice.

Understanding the career decision making of university students enrolled in STEM disciplines

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Dawn Bennett ◽  
Elizabeth Knight ◽  
Sherry Bawa ◽  
Alfred M Dockery
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
University Students ◽  
Career Commitment ◽  
Career Decision ◽  
Career Pathways ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Career Decision Making ◽  
Engineering Mathematics ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Alternative Career Pathways

This study investigated why university students choose to major in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Medicine/health (STEM(M)) disciplines, and how their study and career-related confidence compares with that of their peers. The study engaged 12,576 students enrolled at Australian universities. The findings suggest that STEM(M) students’ career decision making is guided by their interest in the subject and their intentions to help people. Within the STEM(M) cohort, students in medicine and health were more confident in their career decision making than either their STEM or non-STEM(M) peers. Of interest, they were less aware of alternative career pathways and less prepared to reorient their careers should this be necessary. Female students reported greater confidence than male students in their career decision making, career identity, and career commitment. Implications include the need for career narratives beyond the STEM industries and for career development initiatives that are mindful of disciplinary and gendered differences.

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