scholarly journals Artificial intelligence and machine learning could support drug development for hepatitis A virus internal ribosomal entry sites

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tatsuo Kanda ◽  
Reina Sasaki ◽  
Ryota Masuzaki ◽  
Mitsuhiko Moriyama
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Internal Ribosomal Entry Sites ◽  
Ribosomal Entry

scholarly journals Folding of pyrimidine-enriched RNA fragments from the vicinity of the internal ribosomal entry site of Hepatitis A virus

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 665-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Hardin ◽  
J. L. Sneeden ◽  
S. M. Lemon ◽  
B. A. Brown ◽  
R. H. Guenther ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Internal Ribosomal Entry Site ◽  
Entry Site ◽  
Rna Fragments ◽  
Ribosomal Entry

Artificial Intelligence in Pharmaceutical Field – A Critical Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maithri Shanbhogue H ◽  
Shailesh Thirumaleshwar ◽  
Pramod Kumar TM ◽  
Hemanth Kumar S
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Thought Process ◽  
Time Consumption ◽  
Research Technology ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Analyze Data

: Artificial intelligence is an emerging sector in almost all fields. It is not confined only to a particular category and can be used in various fields like research, technology, and health. AI mainly concentrates on how computers analyze data and mimic the human thought process. As drug development involves high R & D costs and uncertainty in time consumption, artificial intelligence can serve as one of the promising solutions to overcome all these demerits. Due to the availability of enormous data, there are chances of missing out on some crucial details. For solving these issues, algorithms like machine learning, deep learning, and other expert systems are being used. On successful implementation of AI in the pharmaceutical field, the delays in drug development, and failure at the clinical and marketing level can be reduced. This review comprises information regarding the development of AI, its subfields, its overall implementation, and its application in the pharmaceutical sector and provides insights on challenges and limitations concerning AI.

The sirtuin inhibitor sirtinol inhibits hepatitis A virus (HAV) replication by inhibiting HAV internal ribosomal entry site activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 466 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuo Kanda ◽  
Reina Sasaki ◽  
Shingo Nakamoto ◽  
Yuki Haga ◽  
Masato Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Internal Ribosomal Entry Site ◽  
Entry Site ◽  
Ribosomal Entry

Internal ribosomal entry-site activities of clinical isolate-derived hepatitis A virus and inhibitory effects of amantadine

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuo Kanda ◽  
Fumio Imazeki ◽  
Shingo Nakamoto ◽  
Kohichiroh Okitsu ◽  
Keiichi Fujiwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Internal Ribosomal Entry Site ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Entry Site ◽  
Ribosomal Entry

Amantadine inhibits hepatitis A virus internal ribosomal entry site-mediated translation in human hepatoma cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 331 (2) ◽  
pp. 621-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuo Kanda ◽  
Osamu Yokosuka ◽  
Fumio Imazeki ◽  
Keiichi Fujiwara ◽  
Keiichi Nagao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Internal Ribosomal Entry Site ◽  
Hepatoma Cells ◽  
Human Hepatoma ◽  
Human Hepatoma Cells ◽  
Entry Site ◽  
Ribosomal Entry

Application of solid-phase immune electron microscopy to study physical and stability characteristics of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis virus

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Charles D. Humphrey ◽  
E. H. Cook ◽  
Karen A. McCaustland ◽  
Daniel W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy

Enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (ET-NANBH) is a type of hepatitis which is increasingly becoming a significant world health concern. As with hepatitis A virus (HAV), spread is by the fecal-oral mode of transmission. Until recently, the etiologic agent had not been isolated and identified. We have succeeded in the isolation and preliminary characterization of this virus and demonstrating that this agent can cause hepatic disease and seroconversion in experimental primates. Our characterization of this virus was facilitated by immune (IEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopic (SPIEM) methodologies.Many immune electron microscopy methodologies have been used for morphological identification and characterization of viruses. We have previously reported a highly effective solid phase immune electron microscopy procedure which facilitated identification of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in crude cell culture extracts. More recently we have reported utilization of the method for identification of an etiologic agent responsible for (ET-NANBH).

Hepatitis A Antigen in Liver, Bile and Stool

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 340-341
Author(s):  
D.R. Jackson ◽  
J.H. Hoofnagle ◽  
A.N. Schulman ◽  
J.L. Dienstag ◽  
R.H. Purcell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Type A ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Virus Like Particle ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽  
Ag Particles ◽  
Ag Particle ◽  
Human Stool

Using immune electron microscopy Feinstone et. al. demonstrated the presence of a 27 nm virus-like particle in acute-phase stools of patients with viral hepatitis, type A, These hepatitis A antigen (HA Ag) particles were aggregated by convalescent serum from patients with type A hepatitis but not by pre-infection serum. Subsequently Dienstag et. al. and Maynard et. al. produced acute hepatitis in chimpanzees by inoculation with human stool containing HA Ag. During the early acute disease, virus like particles antigenically, morphologically and biophysically identical to the human HA Ag particle were found in chimpanzee stool. Recently Hilleman et. al. have described similar particles in liver and serum of marmosets infected with hepatitis A virus (HAV). We have investigated liver, bile and stool from chimpanzees and marmosets experimentally infected with HAV. In an initial study, a chimpanzee (no.785) inoculated with HA Ag-containing stool developed elevated liver enzymes 21 days after exposure.

Identification of hepatitis a virus in cell cultures by solid phase immune electron microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 238-239
Author(s):  
C.D. Humphrey ◽  
T.L. Cromeans ◽  
E.H. Cook ◽  
D.W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy ◽  
Detection And Identification

There is a variety of methods available for the rapid detection and identification of viruses by electron microscopy as described in several reviews. The predominant techniques are classified as direct electron microscopy (DEM), immune electron microscopy (IEM), liquid phase immune electron microscopy (LPIEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopy (SPIEM). Each technique has inherent strengths and weaknesses. However, in recent years, the most progress for identifying viruses has been realized by the utilization of SPIEM.

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