Comparative Analysis of the Economics of Crop Cultivation under the Poly House and Open Field Conditions in Rajasthan

2021 ◽  
pp. 222-226
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Know How ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Total Variable Cost ◽  
Regular Training

The results revealed that the total cost incurred in the crop cultivation under polyhouse conditions was higher than open field conditions for all three crops. The share of the total variable cost was more than 65 percent for the three crops in each condition and was slightly higher under open field conditions, while the share of fixed costs was higher in the total cost of cultivation for the crops grown under polyhouse. On the other hand, returns obtained from polyhouse cultivation were observed more than the returns obtained from open field conditions. For all the crops, net returns were more than double when grown in polyhouses, which suggested a profitable situation for the crops grower under polyhouse. Returns per rupee were again higher for the cucumber, tomato, and chilli grown under polyhouse conditions with values 2.17, 2.12, and 2.21, respectively, than in open field conditions amounting to 2.11, 1.96, and 1.82 correspondingly. To reap these benefits associated with polyhouse cultivation, marginal and small farmers can go for cooperative farming. Regular training and extension services areto be made available to the young entrepreneurs and farmers to impart information about the technical know-how of the growing crops under protective technologies

scholarly journals Management of agribusiness enterprise-an analysis of sheep rearing in Chikkaballapur district of Karnataka state

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-184
Author(s):  
S. Shabeer ul hasan ◽  
M.R. Girish ◽  
Mamatha Girish
Keyword(s):  
Primary Data ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Total Variable Cost ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Family ◽  
Karnataka State ◽  
Backward And Forward Linkages

The present study was conducted in Bagepalli taluk of Chikkaballapur district of Karnataka state to analyse the backward and forward linkages in sheep rearing; to assess the financial viability of sheep rearing and to identify the constraints in sheep rearing. The primary data for the study was collected from 40 sheep rearers. Majority of the sample sheep rearers used their own money realised from horticultural and agricultural crops for investing in sheep enterprise while some of them, especially women borrowed credit from SHGs. The family members met the labour requirements of sheep rearing. Chelur sheep shandy was the only sheep market located in Bagepalli taluk. It is a popular weekly shandy held every Friday where sheep is traded in large numbers. The total cost incurred and the gross returns realised per annum for rearing a flock size of 61 sheep was Rs. 1,59,577/ - and Rs. 2,74,788/-, respectively, resulting in a net returns of Rs. 1,15,211/-. Among the variable costs, labour was the major cost accounting for about 83 per cent of the total variable cost. The sale of adult sheep accounted for about 75 per cent of the gross returns followed by sale of lambs (18.76%), sale of manure (4.13%), sale of meat (1.95%), etc. At 12 per cent discount rate, the NPW, BCR and IRR were found to be Rs. 3,56,943.40/-, 1.72 and 53.77per cent, respectively, indicating the financially viability of sheep rearing. Scarcity of water and exploitation by middlemen were the major constraints faced by sheep rearers.

scholarly journals Economics analysis of tomato cultivation under poly house and open field conditions in Haryana, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 846-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parveen Kumar ◽  
R. S. Chauhan ◽  
R. K. Grover
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Comparative Economics ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Economics Analysis

In the present paper an attempt has been made to study the comparative economics of tomato cultivation under poly house and open field conditions in Karnal district, Haryana. Production and marketing constraints under poly house cultivation have also been identified. The primary data for the agriculture year 2013-14 were collected by personal interviews of the selected farmers with the help of a specially designed schedule. Simple statistical tool like Averages and percentages were used to compare, contrast and interpret the results properly. The overall findings of the study reveal that the cost of cultivation of tomato under poly houses was higher by Rs. 206816.90/acre as com-pared to open field conditions. At the same time, the net returns under poly houses were higher by Rs. 51097.54/acre. Farmers realized 53.71 % higher yield of tomato under poly house as compared to open field conditions. The gross return, returns over variable cost and net return were also higher by 106.94 %, 160.70 % and 48.70 %, respectively in case of poly house as compared to open field conditions. The results of the study also revealed that the tomato cultivation under poly houses has significantly contributed to the yield.

B. ANALISA KELAYAKAN BISNIS PADA UMKM (Study Kasus Pada Usaha Tempe Murni Ita)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Agus Jonikar Ndraha ◽  
Avan Joko Prasetyawan ◽  
Ida Kurnia Wati ◽  
Ilmia Cahyasari ◽  
Nafa Alya Shintya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Costs ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Business Analysis ◽  
Gross Income

Abstrak Tahun demi tahun, persaingan bisnis tempe di wilayah Surabaya kian ketat. Oleh karena itu diperlukan sebuah studi untuk mengkaji kelayakan bisnis tersebut. Tujuan dari makalah ini adalah Sebagai acuan untuk mengetahui semua biaya produksi, pendapatan kotor dan pendapatan bersih usaha tempe serta kelayakan usaha tempe di Surabaya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di daerah Sukomanunggal dengan menggunakan metode surve. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Rata-rata biaya total sebesar Rp 2.144.590 yang dihasilkan dari penjumlahan biaya tetap rata-rata sebesar Rp 160.590 dengan biaya variabel rata-rata sebesar Rp 1.984.000. Laba bersih rata-rata sekitar Rp 955.410 dari pendapatan rata-rata sebesar Rp 3.100.000 dikurangi dengan semua pengeluaran Rp 2.144.590. Analisis kewajaran usaha adalah dengan menyusun pendapatan dan pengeluaran secara keseluruhan. Rata-rata semua pendapatan Rp 3.100.000 dan semua pengeluaran rata-rata sebesar Rp 2.144.590. Dengan rasio 1,45 usaha tempe murni ITA layak untuk dijalankan.  Kata Kunci : Biaya produksi, Pendapatan kotor, Pendapatan bersih, Kelayakan usaha   Abstract From year to year, Tempe business competition in the Surabaya area is getting tougher. Therefore a study is needed to study the feasibility of the business. The purpose of this paper is as a reference to find out all the production costs, gross income, and net income of tempe businesses and the feasibility of tempe businesses in Surabaya. The study was carried out in the Sukomanunggal area using a survey method. The results showed that: The average total cost of Rp 2,144,590 resulted from the sum of the average fixed costs of Rp 160,590 with an average variable cost of Rp 1,984,000. Net profit averaged around Rp. 955,410 from an average income of Rp. 3,100,000 minus all expenses of Rp. 2,144,590. The reasonableness of business analysis is to compile overall income and expenditure. The average income of all Rp 3,100,000 and all expenses averaged Rp 2,144,590. With a ratio of 1.45, pure ITA tempe business is feasible to run.  Keywords : Production costs, Gross income, Net income, Business feasibility

scholarly journals Comparative Profitability and Impact of BINA Developed Aman Mutant Rice Binadhan-7 with Non-Mutant Variety in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
M. H. Rahman ◽  
R. Sultana ◽  
M. M. A. Sarkar ◽  
S. Islam ◽  
M. A. K. Azad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Proper Time ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
High Price ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Cost Of Production

This papar examined the cost and revenue as well as impact of mutant rice on fourteen region of Bangladesh namely Mymensingh, Jashore, Cumilla, Bogura, Rajshahi, Sylhet, Dinajpur, Rangpur, Dhaka, Khulna, Chattagram, Rangamati, Barishal and Faridpur. A total of 560 farmers were randomly selected to fulfill the objectives where 280 farmers were mutant growers and 280 were non- mutant growers. A pre-designed interview schedule was used to collect the necessary data. Descriptive statistics, profit function and livelihood assets were used to analyzed the collected data. The study revealed that total variable cost of rice cultivation was BDT.40589 and BDT.43927 per hectare for mutant and non mutant, respectively which was around 71 percent of total cost of production. On an average, the total cost of production was BDT.59584 per hectare, where 29 percent was fixed costs and 71 percent was variable cost. For Binadhan-7 cultivation per hectare average net return was found highest in Dinajpur region i.e. BDT.70919 and the lowest in Jashore region i.e. BDT.33703. BCR on total cost basis was found 1.90 which was the highest in Sylhet 2.56 and the lowest 1.51 in Jashore region for Binadhan-7 production. In case of non-growers BCR on total cost basis was found 1.43 which was lower than Binadhan-7 production in the study areas indicating Binadhan-7 growers earn much than the non growers. The asset pentagon approach showed that there is a noteworthy increases in capitals of sampled farm households and the highest for financial capital that was 20.05 percent and the lowest was for natural capital i. e., 5.38 percent. Among the list of preferences, the highest was 88.93 percent for short duration and it was ranked I, the lowest was high yielding i.e. 81.43 percent which was ranked as V. Among the constraints, the highest constraint reported by the farmer was labour crisis as well as high price of labour i.e. 80.71 percent and it was ranked I and the lowest ranked V was lack of quality seed at proper time i.e. 48.93 percent in Binadhan-7 cultivation. Finally it is remarked that short duration high yielding variety Binadhan-7 plays a vital role in the monga mitigation of the northern areas of Bangladesh.

scholarly journals ANALISIS USAHA HOME INDUSTRI KERUPUK RAMBAK

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Syarifah Aini ◽  
Erlin Widya Fatmawati
Keyword(s):  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Total Variable Cost ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Breakeven Point

The purpose of this research is to know the amount of cost, acceptance, profit, profitability, and R / C Ratio from home industry crackers rambak in Sembon Village Satreyan District Kanigoro Blitar District. The result of this research shows that the total variable cost at rambak cracker agroindustry center is equal to Total variable cost Rp 1,139,783, - per day, total fixed cost Rp 4,953, - per day. So the total total cost of production is Rp 1,144,076, - per month. The breakeven point or BEP unit is 3 units. BEP Rp for RP 16,017, -. BEP revenue of Rp 16,017, - per day. Received revenue of Rp 1.650.000, - so the profit earned by employers is amounted to Rp 505,924, -. While the profitability of business is 44% which means this business is profitable. Home industry that run during this efficiency has been shown with R / C ratio of more than 1 that is equal to 1.44. Based on the criteria used, this business has been efficient because the efficiency value of more than 1. This means that every Rp 1.00 issued by the entrepreneur at the beginning of the business activities will get 1.44 times revenue from the cost incurred at the end of the business activity. This can be interpreted that home industry crackers rambak said Eligible to run. From this research it is suggested that entrepreneurs do creations by adding a sense of the product, so that the quality of the product can be increased and not less competitive with similar entrepreneurs from other regions. For the government, the Government of Blitar Regency through the Department of Industry and Trade and other related agencies should try to help develop the business crackers rambak by providing low-interest capital loans to entrepreneurs agro-industry crackers rambak.

scholarly journals Cost analysis of a coaching intervention to increase use of transradial percutaneous coronary intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin I. Duan ◽  
Christian D. Helfrich ◽  
Sunil V. Rao ◽  
Emily L. Neely ◽  
Christine A. Sulc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Catheterization ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Personnel Cost ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Transfemoral Approach ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Cardiac Procedures ◽  
Coaching Intervention

Abstract Background The transradial approach (TRA) to cardiac catheterization is safer than the traditional transfemoral approach (TFA), with similar clinical effectiveness. However, adoption of TRA remains low, representing less than 50% of catheterization procedures in 2015. Peer coaching is one approach to facilitate implementation; however, the costs of this strategy for cardiac procedures such as TRA are unclear. Methods We conducted an activity-based costing analysis (ABC) of a multi-center, hybrid type III implementation trial of a coaching intervention designed to increase the use of TRA. We identified the key activities of the intervention and determined the personnel, resources, and time needed to complete each activity. The personnel cost per hour and the activity duration were then used to estimate the cost of each activity and the total variable cost of the implementation. Fixed costs related to designing and running the implementation were calculated separately. All costs are reported in 2019 constant US dollars. Results The total cost of the coaching intervention implementation was $374,863. Of the total cost, $367,752 were variable costs due to travel, preparatory work, in-person coaching, post-intervention evaluation, and administrative time. We estimated fixed costs of $7112. The mean marginal cost of implementing the intervention at only one additional medical center was $52,536. Conclusions We provide granular cost estimates of a conceptually rooted implementation strategy designed to increase the uptake of TRA for cardiac catheterization. We estimate that implementation costs stemming from the coaching approach would be offset after the conversion of approximately 409 to 1363 catheterizations from TFA to TRA. Our estimates provide benchmarks of the expected costs of implementing evidence-based, but expertise-intensive, cardiac procedures. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN66341299. Registered 7 July 2020—retrospectively registered

scholarly journals Economic Performance and Consraints Faced by Tur Dal Processing Units- Bharuch District, Gujarat

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Deepa Hiremath ◽  
Shreeshail Rudrapur ◽  
L. R. Dubey ◽  
Bhanupriya Choyal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Net Returns

The study of economic performance of Tur dal processing units in terms of cost is very essential for accelerating the growth of agriculture processing industries. The present study was undertaken to work out the unit fixed costs, variable costs, production costs and returns of processing of Tur dal and different constraints faced by Tur dal processors of Bharuch District of Gujarat. The primary data pertained to consecutive three years i.e., 2017-18, 2018-2019, and 2019-20 were collected from the sample of three Tur dal mills from Bharuch, Ankleshwar and Vaghra talukas of Bharuch district. The results indicated that the average capital investment for a dal mill per unit was Rs. 7, 10, 00,000. The average fixed cost and average variable cost per quintal was of INR 46.10 and 245.46 respectively. Hence, average processing cost per quintal was worked out to be Rs. 291.56. The gross return per quintal of processed tur dal was Rs. 5754.50. The average content of tur dal and by- products was in the proportion of 72 per cent and 28 per cent respectively, by weight. The recovery in one quintal of tur was 65 kg of tur dal, 7 kg of broken dal and 28 kg of chala/chuni/ dead seed. The net returns per quintal after processing was found to be Rs. 579.61. It was found that, inadequate supply of raw material for processing especially during off season was the major constraint faced by the dal mill owners followed by units not running on full capacity utilization during offseason and irregular electricity supply to run the unit, etc.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE DOS CUSTOS DO RENDIMENTO EM MADEIRA SERRADA DE Pinus taeda PARA DUAS METODOLOGIAS DE DESDOBRO

FLORESTA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Itamar Murara Júnior ◽  
Márcio Pereira da Rocha ◽  
Romano Timofeiczyk Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Unit Production Cost ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Total Unit ◽  
The Cost

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de analisar a estrutura de custos de madeira serrada de Pinus taeda com duas metodologias de desdobro, denominadas de sistema convencional e sistema otimizado. Os diâmetros das toras variaram de 18 a 44 cm. Foram testadas 100 toras, sendo 50 toras divididas em cinco classes diamétricas para cada sistema de desdobro. Utilizando o sistema convencional de desdobro, verificou-se que os custos fixos representaram 12,03% do custo unitário de produção. Desses, os gastos com salários e encargos sociais foram os mais significativos, representando 9,22% do custo total unitário de produção, e por 76,61% dos custos fixos. O custo variável representou 87,97% do custo total unitário de produção, sendo que 84,64% foram relativos a aquisição de toras. Utilizando o sistema programado de desdobro das toras, a participação percentual do custo fixo aumentou para 14,87%, decorrente da queda ocorrida nos custos variáveis. A participação do custo variável unitário representou 85,13% do total dos custos unitários, apresentando uma redução de 3,23% em relação ao desdobro convencional. Com o desdobro programado, a redução no custo total foi de 5,12%.Palavras-chave: Pinus; classificação de toras; modelos de corte; otimização. AbstractIncome analysis costs in Pinus taeda sawn wood using two methodologies. This study aimed to examine the cost structure of Pinus taeda sawn wood using two methodologies of log sawing, called conventional and optimized systems. The logs diameter ranged from 18 to 44 cm. A total of 100 logs were tested, being 50 logs divided into five diameter classes for each sawing system tested. Using the conventional sawing method, the fixed costs accounted for 12.03% of the unit production cost. From these, wages and social charges accounted for 9.22% of the total unit production cost, and for 76.61% of the fixed costs. The variable cost represented 87.97% of the total unit production cost, and the logs acquisition accounted for 84.64% of the variable cost. Using the optimized sawing system, the percentage of fixed cost increased to 14.87%, due to the decrease in the variable costs. The participation of variable cost unit accounted for 85.13% of total the unit costs, showing a reduction of 3.23%, compared to the conventional sawing method. The reduction in the total cost using the optimized sawing method was 5.12%.Keywords: Pine; logs classification; sawn models; optimization.

scholarly journals Comparative Profitability Analysis of Broiler Farming Under Aftab Bahumukhi Farm Limited Supervision and Farmers’ Own Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
S Akhter ◽  
MHA Rashid ◽  
H Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Average Total Cost ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Gross Margins

This study was conducted to estimate the comparative profitability of Aftab Bahumukhi Farm Limited (ABFL) supervised broiler farms and farmers’ own managed broiler farms. Data were collected from randomly selected 90 broiler farmers of which 45 were ABFL supervised farmers and 45 were own managed farmers. Descriptive statistical techniques were used to estimate cost and returns of broiler farming. The study revealed that on an average, total cost of raising broiler per batch per 1000 birds was estimated at Tk. 99,429.00 and Tk. 1,06,330.00 for ABFL supervised farms and farmers own managed farms respectively. The respective average variable costs and fixed costs per batch per 1000 birds were calculated at Tk. 96,218.00 and Tk. 1,02,926.00 respectively. These accounted for 96.77 percent and 96.80 percent of total costs respectably for ABFL supervised farms and independently managed farms. The estimated average gross return was Tk. 1,03,334.00 for ABFL supervised farms and Tk. 1,09,961.00 for independent farms respectively. The average gross margins per batch per farm for 1000 birds were at Tk. 7,470.00 and Tk. 7,035.00 for the ABFL supervised farms and for farmers own managed farms respectively and average net returns were estimated at Tk. 4,259.00 for ABFL supervised farms and Tk. 3,631.00 for farmers own managed farms respectively. From the statistical evidence it was found that profit earned by ABFL supervised broiler farms and own managed broiler farms were not significantly different.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v20i1-2.16875 Progress. Agric. 20(1 & 2): 231 – 236, 2009

scholarly journals Agro-economic analysis of maize production in Bangladesh: a farm level study

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Moniruzzaman ◽  
MS Rahman ◽  
MK Karim ◽  
QM Alam
Keyword(s):  
High Price ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Total Variable Cost ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
Cash Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

The study was carried out in four major maize growing areas namely Chuadanga, Dinajpur, Bogra and Lalmonirhat during 2006-2007 to know profitability level of maize production in Bangladesh. A total of 200 randomly selected maize growers taking 50 from each location were interviewed using pre-designed interview schedule. The average yield was found to be 8.00 t/ha. The average costs of maize production were Tk 44197, Tk 33195 and Tk 24441 per hectare on total cost, variable cost and cash cost basis respectively and gross return was Tk 69773 per hectare. The gross margin was Tk 36578/ha on total variable cost (TVC) and Tk 45332/ha on cash cost basis. The net return was observed to be Tk 25575 per hectare. Benefit cost ratios were calculated as 1.58, 2.10 and 2.85 on total cost, variable cost and cash cost basis respectively. As a result, maize cultivation was more profitable. Lack of capital and high price of TSP were the main constraints to its higher production.Key Words: Maize; production; agro-economic.DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i1.5748Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(1) : 15-24, March 2009

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