ANALISIS NILAI TAMBAH GULA KELAPA DI DESA SIALANG JAYA KECAMATAN BATANG TUAKA KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR

Coconut sugar processing is one of the agro-industry businesses that is developing in Sialang Jaya Village, Batang Tuaka District, Indragiri Hilir Regency. This business aims to obtain added value from coconut plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of revenue and profits from the coconut sugar processing business and the added value of the coconut sugar processing business in Sialang Jaya Village, Batang Tuaka District, Indragiri Hilir Regency. Analysis of the data used is the analysis of costs, revenues, profits and added value. The results of this study indicate that: (1) The average total cost of the coconut sugar processing business is Rp. 67,351.97 per production, the average revenue is Rp. 202,800.00 per production, the average profit is Rp. 135,448.03 per production. (2) The added value obtained in the coconut sugar processing business is Rp. 4,672.76. The added value ratio obtained is 83.87%. The profit from processing coconut sugar is Rp. 3,024.41 per kg with a profit rate of 64.72%.

Efektivitas Biaya Penggunaan Antibiotik Pasien ISPA Pediatri di RSUD Kajen Kabupaten Pekalongan Tahun 2019

Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is an acute infectious disease that attacks one or more parts of the respiratory system, starting from the nasal alveoli, including the adnexa (sinus of the pleural middle ear cavity). The purpose of this study was to determine the type of antibiotics in pediatric ARI patients at Kajen Hospital in 2019 and to determine the effectiveness of treatment costs based on the use of antibiotics issued by pediatric ARI patients at Kajen Hospital in 2019. This study is a type of non-experimental research that is descriptive and takes retrospectively through medical record data of ARI patients. The number of samples used as many as 80 patients. The pharmacoeconomic method used in this study is the CEA method/cost effectiveness analysis. The data taken include: data on respondent characteristics, total costs or direct medical costs, the results of the study on the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy Cefotaxim 52.90%, Efotax 54.50% and Viccillin 61.50%. The average total cost of antibiotics for Cefotaxim was Rp. 817,392, Efotax was Rp. 1,392,189, Viccillin was Rp. 1,318,838, Ampicillin was Rp. 1,107,059, Cefadroxil was Rp. 850,564 and Cefixim was Rp. 858,479. The ACER value was the most cost effective for Cefotaxim compared to other therapies. while the ICER value is the most cost effective, namely the comparison between Cefotaxim and Viccillin with an ICER value of Rp - 63,081,937. Suggestions for further research are expected to be able to compare the cost of treatment for outpatients and inpatients and increase sampledata. Keywords: Cost Effectiviness, ARI, antibiotik AbstrakInfeksi saluran pernafasan akut (ISPA) merupakan penyakit infeksi akut yang menyerang salah satu / lebih bagian dari sistem pernafasan mulai dari hidung alveoli termasuk adneksanya (sinus rongga telinga tengah pleura). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis antibiotik pada pasien ISPA pediatri di RSUD Kajen tahun 2019 dan untuk mengetahui keefektifan biaya pengobatan berdasarkan penggunaan antibiotik yang dikeluarkan oleh pasien ISPA pediatri di RSUD kajen tahun 2019. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian non eksperimental yang bersifat deskriptif dan pengambilan data secara retrospektif melalui data rekam medik pasien ISPA. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 80 pasien. Metode farmakoekonomi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu metode CEA/Analisis efektifitas biaya. Data yang diambil meliputi: data karakteristik responden, biaya total atau biaya medik langsung, Hasil penelitian efektivitas terapi antibiotik Cefotaxim 52,90%, Efotax 54,50% dan Viccillin 61,50%. Hasil rata-rata total biaya antibiotik Cefotaxim sebesar Rp 817.392, Efotax Rp 1.392.189, Viccillin Rp 1.318.838, Ampicillin Rp 1.107.059, Cefadroxil Rp 850.564 dan Cefixim Rp 858.479. Nilai ACER yang paling cost efffective pada antibiotik Cefotaxim dibandingkan dengan terapi lainnya. sedangkan pada nilai ICER yang paling cost effecttive yaitu pada perbandingan antara Cefotaxim dengan Viccillin dengan nilai ICER Rp - 63.081.937. Saran untuk penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat membandingkan biaya pengobatan pasien rawat jalan dan rawat inap serta memperbanyak data sampelKata kunci: Efektivitas biaya; ISPA; antibiotik

Pendapatan dan Efisiensi Teknis Usaha Tani Jernang (Daemonorops Draco) di Desa Lamban Sigatal Kecamatan Pauh Kabupaten Sarolangun Provinsi Jambi

The purpose of this research is to find out; (1) jernang farming activities in Lamban Sigatal Village, Pauh District, Sarolangun Regency, Jambi Province (2) analyzing production costs in jernang farming in Lamban Sigatal Village, Pauh District, Sarolangun Regency, Jambi Province (3) analyzing jernang farming income in Lamban Sigatal Village, Subdistrict Pauh, Sarolangun Regency, Jambi Province. This research was conducted in Lamban Sigatal Village, Pauh District, Sarolangun Regency, Jambi Province, this research was conducted in June 2021, with a total sample of 15 data used in the study. The analytical method used in this study was carried out in a qualitative descriptive way, to answer objectives one, two, and three, which were obtained from the results of interview reports and observations.. Based on the results of the study indicate that the average total cost is Rp. 10,597,544 /Harvest Period consists of a fixed fee of Rp. 70,550/Harvest Period and a variable fee of Rp. 10,526,993 // Harvest Period. The average income obtained by farmers is Rp. 86.400.000 / Harvest Period, for an income of Rp. 75,802,456/Harvest Period. Jernang plants use organic and inorganic fertilizers. Fertilizer is given in several stages, first given before or at the same time as planting, fertilizer is inserted into the planting hole at a dose of 2 kg per planting hole or NPK 100 g per planting hole. Furthermore, continued fertilizer was started after the plants were 6 months old. NPK with doses between 50-100 grams per plant which is done every 6 months. Fertilization of compost or manure is also done by placing it around the plants. Harvesting of fruit is done once every 3 months to get optimal results and the average yield of jernang is 1,080 Kg/Harvest Period. Marketing is done indirectly by delivering the jernang to the buyer's location

An Economic Analysis on Production of Grapes in Theni District of Tamilnadu

This study was mainly concentrated on grape production. The results of analysis would throw light on the extent of cost and returns of grape cultivation, constraints faced by farmers ranked using Garett’s ranking technique. The cost and return of the grape farm per acre were analyzed and the average total cost was worked out to Rs.73,815.45 per acre and the average gross return was Rs 1,20,290 per acre.The result of the study indicates that grape cultivation is highly profitable and the benefit cost ratio was more than one (1.6). The major constraints faced by the sample farmers in the cultivation of grapes were pest attack followed by weeds, water shortage, credit availability and lack of input availability. The results would help the policy makers in formulating suitable programs and devising strategy for increasing production of grapes in Tamil Nadu.

The planning, rationing and organization of work on technical maintenance of machinery and equipment in animal husbandry

Maintenance and repair of livestock machinery and equipment is carried out as a rule by specialized repair and service enterprises on the basis of service contracts in accordance with the procedure established by law. However, with the renewal of the park’s farms with machines and equipment with automated and computerized process control, as well as the reconstruction of dairy farms and complexes, it became necessary to have a production base and highly qualified specialists for the maintenance of equipment. The most important and key provisions of the improved methodology of planning and accounting of work in the technical service of animal husbandry with the use of a number of standards are given, some features of accounting and planning of these types of work have been noted. The concepts of “repair unit” and “category of complexity of technical service” have been defined. The general provisions of the methodology for calculating costs and determining the cost of carrying out maintenance and repair of livestock equipment have been considered. On the base of calculations, the average total cost standards for carrying out maintenance and repair of livestock equipment have been established. These standards greatly simplify the planning of costs during the operation of equipment, and also allow us to determine the cost of maintenance and repair at different stages of the creation of new machines.

Inventory Model with Demand Dependant on Unit Cost- Input Parameters as Triangular Fuzzy Numbers

This paper considers an inventory model in which the shortages are backlogged and the demand is dependent on unit cost. An optimum value for average total cost is calculated by considering various input costs, lot size and maximum inventory under fuzzy environment. The process of defuzzification is done by using the signed distance method. Numerical example and sensitivity analysis is given for calculating both crisp and fuzzy values of the total cost.

Inventory Model with Demand Dependant on Unit Cost- Input Parameters as Triangular Fuzzy Numbers

This paper considers an inventory model in which the shortages are backlogged and the demand is dependent on unit cost. An optimum value for average total cost is calculated by considering various input costs, lot size and maximum inventory under fuzzy environment. The process of defuzzification is done by using the signed distance method. Numerical example and sensitivity analysis is given for calculating both crisp and fuzzy values of the total cost.

ANALISA KELAYAKAN BISNIS TERHADAP UMKM GILA CEMILAN DALAM MASA PANDEMI COVID 19

During the Covid 19 pandemic, the condition of the Indonesian nation is currently experiencing a period of crisis, especially in the economic sector, which will cause several social problems, such as termination of employment, the number of unemployed is increasing rapidly and employment opportunities are increasingly narrow. The purpose of this journal is to be responsive to costs incurred during production, to calculate net profit and gross profit, as well as whether or not Keripik Uzuz New Normal and Susu Micuare marketed in Sidoarjo and its surrounding areas. The results showed that the average total cost per month was 3,483,000 resulting from a fixed cost of 263,000, 2,134,500 raw material costs for making intestines and 967,500 micu-making raw materials costs, and 118,000 promotion costs. The “Gila Cemilan 3M” business generates a net profit of approximately 917,000 from revenues of 4,400,000 minus an average total cost of 3,483,000. From the calculation of the total cost, it can be known or not the income, expenses and income earned.

ANALISIS PENDAPATAN NELAYAN TRADISIONAL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ALAT TANGKAP UDANG LIFT NETS (Ali) DI KECAMATAN ARONGAN LAMBALEK KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT

Capture fisheries is a source of livelihood for fishermen. Fishers in Arongan Lambalek are still classified as traditional fishermen and still use simple fishing gear in their operations. One of the fishing gear used is Lift Nets (Ali) fishing gear to catch shrimp. This study aims to determine the income of traditional fishermen using Lift Nets (Ali) fishing gear in Arongan Lambalek District, West Aceh Regency. This research was conducted from June to July 2020. The data collection method was purposive sampling method with 20 respondents. The analyzes used total cost, total beneficiary, profit and RCR. The results showed that, the amount of catch of fishermen using Lift Nets (Ali) fishing gear in Arongan Lambalek District was 2.872 kg / month with an average of 144 kg / month / fisherman, the total cost of 20 fishermen was Rp. 24.540,278 with an average total cost of Rp.1.227,013 months / fisherman, the amount of revenue from 20 fishermen is Rp.73.235,000 / month with an average income of Rp. 3.661,750 months / fisherman and income from 20 fishermen is Rp.48.694.722 / month and the average income of fishermen is Rp.2.434.736 / month and the average RCR of Rp.2.98 months / fisherman, which means RCR> 1, then traditional fishing business using Lift Nets (Ali) fishing gear is feasible.

Economic Valuation of Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever) Projections in the United States in Response to Climate Change

Coccidioidomycosis, or valley fever, is an infectious fungal disease currently endemic to the southwestern United States. Symptoms of valley fever range in severity from flu-like illness to severe morbidity and mortality. Warming temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns may cause the area of endemicity to expand northward throughout the western United States, putting more people at risk for contracting valley fever. This may increase the health and economic burdens from this disease. We developed an approach to describe the relationship between climate conditions and valley fever incidence using historical data and generated projections of future incidence in response to both climate change and population trends using the Climate Change Impacts and Risk Analysis (CIRA) framework developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. We also developed a method to estimate economic impacts of valley fever that is based on case counts. For our 2000–15 baseline time period, we estimated annual medical costs, lost income, and economic welfare losses for valley fever in the United States were $400,000 per case, and the annual average total cost was $3.9 billion per year. For a high greenhouse gas emission scenario and accounting for population growth, we found that total annual costs for valley fever may increase up to 164% by year 2050 and up to 380% by 2090. By the end of the twenty-first century, valley fever may cost $620,000 per case and the annual average total cost may reach $18.5 billion per year. This work contributes to the broader effort to monetize climate change–attributable damages in the United States.