Analysis of the Total Unit Energy Consumption of a Car with a Hybrid Drive System in Real Operating Conditions

The market demand for vehicles with reduced energy consumption, as well as increasingly stringent standards limiting CO2 emissions, are the focus of a large number of research works undertaken in the analysis of the energy consumption of cars in real operating conditions. Taking into account the growing share of hybrid drive units on the automotive market, the aim of the article is to analyse the total unit energy consumption of a car operating in real road conditions, equipped with an advanced hybrid drive system of the PHEV (plug-in hybrid electric vehicles) type. In this paper, special attention has been paid to the total unit energy consumption of a car resulting from the cooperation of the two independent power units, internal combustion and electric. The results obtained for the individual drive units were presented in the form of a new unit index of the car, which allows us to compare the consumption of energy obtained from fuel with the use of electricity supported from the car’s batteries, during journeys in real road conditions. The presented research results indicate a several-fold increase in the total unit energy consumption of a car powered by an internal combustion engine compared to an electric car. The values of the total unit energy consumption of the car in real road conditions for the internal combustion drive are within the range 1.25–2.95 (J/(kg · m)) in relation to the electric drive 0.27–1.1 (J/(kg · m)) in terms of instantaneous values. In terms of average values, the appropriate values for only the combustion engine are 1.54 (J/(kg · m)) and for the electric drive only are 0.45 (J/(kg · m)) which results in the internal combustion engine values being 3.4 times higher than the electric values. It is the combustion of fuel that causes the greatest increase in energy supplied from the drive unit to the car’s propulsion system in the TTW (tank to wheels) system. At the same time this component is responsible for energy losses and CO2 emissions to the environment. The results were analysed to identify the differences between the actual life cycle energy consumption of the hybrid powertrain and the WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Test Procedure) homologation cycle.

KINERJA TEORITIS, KINERJA AKTUAL DAN EFESENSI MESIN HUMMER MILL PADA PENGGILINGAN TONGKOL JAGUNG

Hammer mill merupakan teknologi penggilingan bahan pakan yang bekerja dengan prinsip tumbukan. Kinerja mesin mempengaruhi dari efesiensi penggilingan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja teoritis (KT), Kinerja Aktual (KA), dan efesiensi mesin hammer mill pada penggilingan tongkol jagung. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan sebagai berikut P1 (berat tongkol jagung 1 kg), P2 (berat tongkol jagung 2 kg, P3 (berat tongkol jagung 3 kg), dan P4 (berat tongkol jagung 4 kg). Total unit perlakuan yaitu 12 unit percobaan. Parameter yang diukur yaitu KT (kg/menit), KA (kg/menit), efesiensi mesin (%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa P4 memiliki perbedaan yang nyata (P<0,05) dengan nilai KA 0,82 ± 0,07 kg/menit dan 76 ± 0,08 kg/menit. P2 paling efesien dalam proses penggilingan dengan nilai efesiensi 99%.Kata kunci: efesiensi, hammer mill, kinerja mesin, tongkol jagung.

IOS, Company Characteristics and Board of Commissioners’s Effect on Earnings Quality with Intervening Variable Earnings Persistence

This study aims to examine the effect of investment opportunity set, company characteristics and board of commissioners on earnings quality with intervening variable earnings persistence. The population is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the 2015-2017 periods which consist of 156 companies. The research sample of 66 companies was obtained using purposive sampling method, so that a total of 198 units of analysis were obtained. Of the total unit analysis, outlier data was reduced by 85 data then the final total unit of analysis is 113 data. This study uses descriptive statistical analysis technique and path analysis. The results shows that IOS, board of commissioners and earnings persistence do not affect the earnings quality. Liquidity and capital structure have a significant negative effect on earnings quality. The board of commissioners does not affect the earnings persistence. The Sobel Test results show that earnings persistence is not able to mediate the influence of the board of commissioners on earnings quality. The conclusion of the study is liquidity and capital structure have a significant negative effect on earnings quality. This is a negative signal because management is considered unable to maintain the stability of the company’s condition.

Job Search Duration and Business Preparation Duration: An Empirical Study of Micro Data in Indonesia with Cox Regression

This study aims to analyze the difference in job search duration and business preparation duration based on education level, training, job experience, marital status, age, and sex. The total unit of analysis used in this study is 51,112 individuals sourced from National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) conducted in August 2017. This study applies the Survival Analysis with Cox Regression. The survival rate results show that unemployed people who prepare a business will get a job faster than their counterparts who are still looking for a job. Cox regression testing shows that education, training, marital status, and age have significantly affected job search duration in Indonesia. Meanwhile, education, training, and marital status have significantly influenced the period of business preparation in Indonesia. Keywords: unemployment, job search duration, business preparation duration, cox regression, survival analysis Lama Mencari Kerja dan Lama Mempersiapkan Usaha: Studi Empiris Data Mikro di Indonesia Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan lama mencari kerja dan lama mempersiapkan usaha dilihat dari tingkat pendidikan, pelatihan, pengalaman kerja, status perkawinan, umur, serta jenis kelamin. Total unit analisis yang digunakan sebanyak 51.112 individu yang bersumber dari data Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional (Sakernas) Agustus 2017. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Survival Analysis dengan Cox Regression. Hasil survival rate menunjukkan bahwa pengangguran yang mempersiapkan usaha akan lebih cepat memperoleh pekerjaan dibandingkan dengan pengangguran yang mencari pekerjaan. Pengujian dengan cox regression menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan, pelatihan, status perkawinan, dan umur berpengaruh signifikan terhadap lama mencari pekerjaan di Indonesia. Sedangkan pendidikan, pelatihan, dan status perkawinan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap lama mempersiapkan usaha di Indonesia. Kata kunci: pengangguran, lama mencari kerja, lama mempersiapkan usaha, regresi cox, analisis survival

PENGARUH METODE PENGOLAHAN DAN WAKTU PEMERAMAN TERHADAP KUALITAS NUTRISI PELEPAH SAWIT SEBAGAI BAHAN PAKAN TERNAK KERBAU RAWA (Buffelus asiaticus)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas nutrisi (pH, kadar air, bahan kering, protein kasar dan serat kasar) pelepah sawit sebagai bahan pakan ternak Kerbau Rawa (Buffelus asiaticus). Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan pola faktorial (3x3). Faktor pertama terdiri dari metode pengolahan amoniasi (P1), silase (P2), dan fermentasi (P3). Faktor kedua waktu pemeraman yang terdiri dari 18 hari (W1), 21 hari (W2), dan 24 hari (W3). Total unit percobaan sebanyak 27 unit. Hasil penelitian yang didapat dianalisis menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (Analysis of Variance/ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat interaksi antara metode pengolahan dan waktu pemeraman terhadap kualitas nutrisi pelepah sawit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode pengolahan dan lama waktu pemeraman pelepah sawit sebagai pakan ternak Kerbau Rawa (Buffelus asiaticus) sangat berpengaruh nyata (P<0,01) pada pH, kadar air, dan bahan kering dan berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) pada protein kasar dan serat kasar. Metode pengolahan pelepah sawit secara fermentasi memberikan hasil terbaik pada penurunan pH, peningkatan kandungan protein kasar dan serat kasar serta waktu pemeraman selama 24 hari memberikan hasil terbaik pada penurunan kadar air dan peningkatan bahan kering yang menunjukkan tingginya pertumbuhan mikroorganisme pengurai dalam proses pengolahan pelepah sawit untuk meningkatkan kualitas nutrisi pelepah sawit sebagai bahan pakan ternak Kerbau Rawa (Buffelus asiaticus). Kata Kunci: Amoniasi, Fermentasi, Pelepah sawit, Silase, Waktu pemeraman.

Investigating the impact of the HSE Healthier Vending Policy on unit sales of snack items

Vending machines provide quick and easy access to snacks and, in general, provide few healthy options to consumers. Given this high availability of unhealthy foods in vending machines, consumers are likely to purchase and consume a less healthy option. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a Healthier Vending policy in all Health Service Executive (HSE) premises across the Republic of Ireland on unit sales of vending machine snacks. Under the policy, the contents of vending machines were altered so that healthier, Better Choice (BC), snacks would constitute a majority of the vending machine stock (minimum 60%) in comparison to the less healthy, Other Choice (OC), snacks. Snacks were defined as BC if they contained: ≤ 150kcals/packet, ≤ 20g/100 g total fat, ≤ 5g/100 g saturated fat, ≤ 15g/100 g sugar, and ≤ 1.5g/100 g salt/sodium. Products stocked as OC should be ≤ 250kcals/packet. BC snacks were placed in prime slots and at eye-level in order to prompt the consumer towards buying a BC snack, with OC snacks being placed to incentivise the choice of BC snacks. Consumers were also incentivised to purchase BC snacks through written cues that appear on the vending machines. Sales data was provided by vending companies for 2015 (baseline) and 2016 (year 1). Unit sales of all snack types increased between the two time points, with the exception of dried fruit and nuts. The proportion of OC products purchased relative to total unit sales decreased following the intervention, as did the proportion of gum and mints and dried fruit and nuts sales. While the proportion of BC crisps purchased relative to total unit sales increased post-intervention, an increase in the proportion of OC bars purchased relative to total unit sales was also seen. Sales of both BC and OC dried fruit/nuts relative to total unit sales decreased. Our results indicate that policies aiming to improve the nutrition environment in health care settings, through increasing the availability of healthy products in vending machines and promoting their purchase, could be an effective method of reducing the amount of unhealthy products purchased overall. These policies can alter consumers’ purchasing patterns and prompt consumers towards purchasing a healthier/unhealthier version of the same product, as seen with crisps and bars in this study.

A Novel Work on Employee Satisfaction

Agent association implies managing the association between the various laborers in an affiliation. The relationship can be among laborer and the business similarly as between delegates at a comparative level. It is critical that delegates share a sound association with each other at the work place. There are a couple of issues on which an individual can't take decisions alone. Laborers are the critical assets of an affiliation. It is fundamental that the laborers perform together as a total unit and contribute comparably towards the affirmation of a common target. publicizing frameworks and unequivocal to various associations.

PENGARUH VARIETAS PADA BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI PUPUK DAUN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN STROBERI (Fragaria Sp.)

This research aimed to find the effect of variety on the various concentration of leaf fertilizer on growth and results of strawberries plants. This research starts from January to April 2016 in Lannying Village, Uluere District, Bantaeng Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The experiment used a Split-plot design consisted of two factors. The first factor as the main plot was a variety consisted of 3 levels, Longkoni variety, California variety, and Rosalinda variety. The second factor as a subplot was leaf fertilizer concentration (Grand-K) which consisted of 5 levels: control, 2.5 g.l–1, 5 g.l–1, 7.5 g.l–1, and 10 g.l–1 so that there were 15 treatment combinations that were repeated 3 times with a total unit experiment of 45 units. The results showed that there was an interaction between California varieties and 10 g.l–1 applied leaf fertilizer concentration on the parameters of plant height (12.04 cm) and the total of plant leaves (15.42 strands). California variety gave the best results on fruit diameter (24.58 mm) and fruit weight (8.24 g). The concentration of leaf fertilizer 10 g.l–1 water showed the best results on the parameters of fruit weight (9.56 g) and fruit diameter (26.00 mm).

Pengaruh Suhu yang Berbeda terhadap Keberhasilan Pemijahan Kerang Bulu (Anadara Antiquata)

Pemijahan merupakan penentu dalam kegiatan pembenihan kerang bulu. Pemijahan pada hatchery biasanya didahului dengan perangsangan dan rangsangan yang diberikan berupa manipulasi suhu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu terhadap tingkat pemijahan dari kerang bulu. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Rancangan penelitian menggunakan 3 (tiga) faktor perlakuan suhu yang berbeda dan ulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Perlakuan P1 dengan suhu 25±0,5oC, P2 dengan suhu 30±0,5oC, dan P3 dengan suhu 34±0,5oC. Variabel Independen atau variabel bebas pada penelitian ini adalah variasi suhu. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali ulangan dan total unit percobaan sebanyak 9 unit percobaan. Penelitian ini mendapatkan hasil dengan perlakuan 2 mendapatkan hasil paling baik dengan tingkat penetasan telur sebesar 87% diikuti perlakuan 3 yaitu 46.5%, dan perlakuan 1 tidak memijah. Sedangkan untuk kelangsungan hidup nilai tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan P2 (64.34%) dan P3 (24%).

Pengaruh Bagian Organ dan Persentase Ekstrak Tanaman Kayu Putih (Melaleuca leucadendra L.) terhadap Perkecambahan Benih Jagung (Zea mays) dengan Metode Bioassay

Produksi tanaman jagung akhir-akhir ini terus mengalami penurunan. Hal ini sebagai akibat dari pergeseran pemanfaatan lahan-lahan produktif menjadi lahan tidak produktif. Oleh karena itu, tumpangsari menjadi salah satu alternatif produksi bahan pangan. Lahan yang paling berpotensi untuk menanam tanaman pangan adalah hutan produksi berbasis kayu putih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bagian organ dan persentase ekstrak tanaman kayu putih terhadap perkecambahan benih jagung dengan metode bioassay serta menentukan tingkat ketahanan kecambah terhadap alelopati. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret-Mei 2015 di Bangun Tapan, Bantul Yogyakarta. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah bagian organ tanaman (E) yang digunakan sebagai ekstrak, terdiri dari 9 aras yaitu ekstrak akar zona 1, ekstrak akar zona 2, ekstrak kulit batang, ekstrak daun segar, ekstrak serasah daun, ekstrak akar zona 1 + ekstrak kulit batang + ekstrak daun segar + ekstrak serasah, ekstrak akar zona 2 + ekstrak kulit batang + ekstrak daun segar + ekstrak serasah, ekstrak kulit batang + ekstrak daun segar + ekstrak serasah, ekstrak daun segar + ekstrak serasah daun dan faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi ekstrak yang terdiri dari 6 level yaitu kontrol, ekstrak 20%, ekstrak 40%, ekstrak 60%, ekstrak 80%, ekstrak 100% dengan ukuran 10 mL. Terdapat 54 kombinasi perlakuan masing-masing diulang 3 kali sehingga total unit penelitian adalah 162 nampan. Variabel pengamatan dalam penelitian ini adalah menghitung vigor benih dan stress tolerance index pada vigor benih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terjadi interaksi antara perlakuan bagian organ tanaman dan persentase ekstrak kayu putih terhadap perkecambahan benih jagung, seluruh bagian organ segar tanaman kayu putih pada berbagai konsentrasi mampu menghambat pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kecambah dan menempatkan kecambah jagung pada level moderat sampai rentan dalam pengelompokan stress tolerance index.