scholarly journals Power and Authority di Pondok Pesantren: Potret Kepemimpinan Kiai dalam Lingkungan Multikultural

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-120
Author(s):  
Akhmad Munir
Keyword(s):  
Boarding School ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
Community Or ◽  
Multicultural Environment ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Power And Authority

Abstrak Artikel ini mencoba mengeksplorasi konsepsi kepemimpinan kiai di pondok pesantren dalam konteks kekuasaan (power) dan otoritas (authority) dalam lingkungan yang multikultural (multicultural environment). Kepemimpinan merupakan seni memengaruhi (the art of influence) agar orang melakukan sesuai dengan tujuan yang diinginkan. Kekuasaan (power) adalah kesempatan bagi manusia atau sekelompok manusia untuk menyadarkan individu atau kelompokindividulainnya terhadap kemauan yang diinginkan. Kekuasaan menjelma dalam ragam bentuk, seperti: pengaruh, persuasi, manipulasi, kekuatan (force), dan koersi. Sedangkan otoritas merupakan wewenang yang diberikan kepada seseorang atau kelompok atau instansi secara sah agar patuh terhadapnya karena didukung oleh norma dan peraturan yang dibuat. Jadi, kekuasaan terkait erat dengan kemampuan; sedangkan otoritas merupakan hak untuk mengambil tindakan yang diperlukan agar tugas dan tanggungjawab dapat dilaksanakan secara efektif dan efisien. Produktivitas kekuasaan dan otoritas selalu berjalan dinamis di dalam lingkungan multikultural. Konsepsi kepemimpinan dalam konteks lingkungan multikultural inilah yang dipraktekkan oleh founding fathers bangsa kita dulu. Kata Kunci: kekuasaan, kepemimpinan kiai, lingkungan multikultural, otoritas, pondok pesantren   Abstract The article is trying to explore the concept of leadership of kiai in pesantren (Islamic boarding school) in the context of power and authority on multicultural environment. Leadership is the art of influence in order to be acted by others in accordance with what he or she wants others do. Power is an opportunity for human being or community to make individual or others aware to the willingness of what he wants. Power incarnates to various forms, for instance: influence, persuasion, manipulation, force as well as coercion. On the other hand, the authority is a right given to someone or community or institution legally in order to obey because of the rules and norms as well that made. So, power is related to capability; the authority is a right to make decision as needed so that the task or assignment as well as responsibility can be carried out effectively and efficiently. The productivity of power and authority is on the tract dynamically in the context of multicultural environment. This concept of leadership in the context of multicultural environment had been practiced by our founding fathers. Keywords: power, leadership of kiai, multicultural environment, authority, pondok pesantren

The confrontation between essence and existence in Plato and Aristotle’s ideas in art

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (SE) ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
Ramin Keshavarz ◽  
Moheb Ali Absalan
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Art World ◽  
Art And Science ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Art Philosophy ◽  
Theory Of Forms

Plato by proposing the "theory of forms" changed the essence of truth and he converted it from sensorial case to extrasensory. As a result, he disparaged art and beauty that they were depended with world of phenomena and senses. He considered idea’s position in the sphere of institute and episteme and placed sensorial case, "Doxa" and "Eikon" as base of art that from his point of view is not world of "to be" and "not to be", but its world of representation and as a result he interpreted art world and it’s product as a false phenomena. He claimed that art relates with revealed component of ego that causes irreparable ruin for human being and has relationship with "Episteme". In the other hand, Aristotle unlike Plato believed in art and existence originality and considered art as a result of human’s episteme and rationality. He introduced adequacy, cognition natural talent as three principle of art. He claimed art and science deal with episteme and knowledge and they are common at the end. But what is Plato and Aristotle disagreement in sphere of art and from where it originates? And which cases are not similar in the sphere of art? The following essay will explain Plato and Aristotle’s art philosophy and comparing and explaining their ideas with relating existence originality and essence originality.  

scholarly journals KONSEP MANUSIA SEMPURNA MENURUT PANDANGAN FRIEDRICH WILLIAMS NIETZSCHE DAN IBNU ARABI; SEBUAH ANALISA KOMPARATIF

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Derry Ahmad Rizal
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ibn Arabi

This paper aims to do a study of the concept of a perfect human being by taking two corners of the field of characters, Friedrich Williams Nietzsche and Ibn ‘Arabi. In this case the two figures convey their thoughts on how to become perfect human beings. Nietzsche who gives a view about humans must be able, strong and be themselves in facing all their problems. Making humans superior in Netzsche's view. On the other hand Ibn Arabi who explained about the nature of being a perfect human being, and humans themselves are a reflection of the formation of a real God on earth. The level in achieving goals as a perfect human being. The categorization of macrocosm and microcosm in looking at differences in "humans".

scholarly journals Is God a Phenomenon? A dialogue between Kierkegaard and Jean-Luc Marion

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wellington José Santana
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Present Article ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Concept Of God ◽  
Saturated Phenomenon ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Shed Light

The present article analyses critically the paradox of phenomenon claimed by Danish Philosopher Kierkegaard and Marion’s new concept named saturated phenomenon. While the concept of God, by definition, must surpass the realm of empiricism, perhaps the something may shed light over what God must be: Excess. However, Marion developed a new concept of phenomenon that not only occupies the immanence world, but also goes beyond. It is called saturated phenomenon. In order to address the question one might understand the limit of the givenness and then what does it mean saturated givenness. We probably all have had the sense of being overwhelmed by something and this can lead toward a sense of torpor or numbness. In the other hand, Kierkegaard affirms that God is so different than a human being, so totally other that we may think we’re right in demanding God make himself understood and be reasonable towards us. Kierkegaard upholds that we’re always dealing with God in the wrong way. I will argue that Marion, however, following phenomenological footsteps indicates a new path toward how to address God properly.   Key words: Paradox; Saturated phenomenon; freedom; Excess. 

scholarly journals El sesgo de la máquina en la toma de decisiones en el proceso penal.

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-71
Author(s):  
Raquel Borges Blázquez
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Criminal Process ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Legal Thinking ◽  
The One

Artificial intelligence has countless advantages in our lives. On the one hand, computer’s capacity to store and connect data is far superior to human capacity. On the other hand, its “intelligence” also involves deep ethical problems that the law must respond to. I say “intelligence” because nowadays machines are not intelligent. Machines only use the data that a human being has previously offered as true. The truth is relative and the data will have the same biases and prejudices as the human who programs the machine. In other words, machines will be racist, sexist and classist if their programmers are. Furthermore, we are facing a new problem: the difficulty to understand the algorithm of those who apply the law.This situation forces us to rethink the criminal process, including artificial intelligence and spinning very thinly indicating how, when, why and under what assumptions we can make use of artificial intelligence and, above all, who is going to program it. At the end of the day, as Silvia Barona indicates, perhaps the question should be: who is going to control global legal thinking?

A Model to Support the Design of Multiplayer Games

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 448-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Pablo Zagal ◽  
Miguel Nussbaum ◽  
Ricardo Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Game Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Multiplayer Games ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
Player Game ◽  
Electronic Games

Extensive research has shown that the act of play is extremely important in the lives of human beings. It is thus not surprising that games have a long and continuing history in the development of almost every culture and society. The advent of computers and technology in general has also been akin to the need for entertainment that every human being seeks. However, a curious dichotomy exists in the nature of electronic games: the vast majority of electronic games are individual in nature whereas the nonelectronic ones are collective by nature. On the other hand, recent technological breakthroughs are finally allowing for the implementation of electronic multiplayer games. Because of the limited experience in electronic, multiplayer game design, it becomes necessary to adapt existing expertise in the area of single-player game design to the realm of multiplayer games. This work presents a model to support the initial steps in the design process of multiplayer games. The model is defined in terms of the characteristics that are both inherent and special to multiplayer games but also related to the relevant elements of a game in general. Additionally, the model is used to assist in the design of two multiplayer games. “One of the most difficult tasks people can perform, however much others may despise it, is the invention of good games …”

The Importance of Being Human

1991 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 35-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cora Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Biological Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Moral Relevance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Biological Classification

I want to argue for the importance of the notion human being in ethics. Part I of the paper presents two different sorts of argument against treating that notion as important in ethics.A. Here is an example of the first sort of argument.What makes us human beings is that we have certain properties, but these properties, making us members of a certain biological species, have no moral relevance. If, on the other hand, we define being human in terms which are not tied to biological classification, if (for example) we treat as the properties which make us human the capacities for reasoning or for self-consciousness, then indeed those capacities may be morally relevant, but if they are morally significant at all, they are significant whether they are the properties of a being who is a member of our species or not. And so it would be better to use a word like ‘person’ to mean a being that has these properties, to bring out the fact that not all human beings have them and that non-human beings conceivably might have them.

Herbert Mac Cabe’s Philosophical Anthropology

Politeia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-260
Author(s):  
Franco Manni ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
External World ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Language System ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Individual Human

From the ideas of Aristotle, De Saussure and Wittgenstein, philosopher Herbert McCabe elaborated an original anthropology. 'Meaning' means: the role played by a part towards the whole. Senses are bodily organs and sensations allow an animal to get fragments of the external world which become 'meaningful' for the behaviour of the whole animal Besides sensations, humans are ‘linguistic animals’ because through words they are able to 'communicate', that is, to share a peculiar kind of meanings: concepts. Whereas, sense-images are stored physically in our brain and cannot be shared, even though we can relate to sense-images by words (speech coincides with thought). However, concepts do not belong to the individual human being qua individual, but to an interpersonal entity: the language system. Therefore, on the one hand, to store images is a sense-power and an operation of the brain, whereas the brain (quite paradoxically!) is not in itself the organ of thought. On the other hand, concepts do not exist on their own.

Some Basic Elements of Psychoanalysis According to Sigmund Freud

2017 ◽  
pp. 38-113
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Typical Feature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Symbolic Function ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Human Psyche ◽  
Psychoanalytic Thought ◽  
The One

After having briefly but exhaustively recalled the main lines of Freudian psychoanalytic thought, we have discussed a possible psychoanalytic theoretical model for human symbolic function mainly centred on the action of a set of primary psychic mechanisms rejoined around the negative, in its widest sense according to the works of André Green. A chief aspect of this pattern has turned out to be an underlying, irreducible dialecticity that reflects on the one hand, the typical feature of human symbolic function, and, on the other hand, the main outcome of the unavoidable presence of a basic dichotomy formalized the so-called phallic logic, that is, that primordial, ancestral and irreducible logical nucleus inevitably present in the deepest meanders of human psyche as an inborn structure phylogenetically preformed and ontogenetically re-established during the psychic evolution of any human being.

Ibn Bajja, Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn as-Say’igh (d. 1138)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shams C. Inati
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Universe

Ibn Bajja’s philosophy may be summed up in two words; al-ittisal (conjunction) and al-tawahhud (solitude). Conjunction is union with the divine realm, a union that reveals the eternal and innermost aspects of the universe. Through this union or knowledge, one is completed as a human being, and in this completion the ultimate human end, happiness, is achieved. Solitude, on the other hand, is separation from a society that is lacking in knowledge. Once united with the eternal aspects of the universe, one must isolate oneself from those who are not in the same state, who may therefore distract one from the supernatural realm through their ignorance and corruption.

The Genesis of Mind

1862 ◽  
Vol 7 (40) ◽  
pp. 461-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Maudsley
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Close Resemblance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Being There ◽  
The One ◽  
As If

As it has ever been the custom of man to act as if he were eternal, and lavishly to scatter the limited force which he embodies as though the supply were inexhaustible, it produces no unaccustomed surprise to witness the useless expenditure of force which is so frequently made at the present time. It may even, perhaps, be deemed a token of some modesty, that the being, who since his first formation has been continually occupied in metaphysical regions with the investigation of the origin of all things, should be content for a while to amuse himself with physical theories concerning his own origin. That which is to be regretted in the new and comparatively praiseworthy occupation is the old evil of hasty theorizing on the one hand, and on the other hand, the evil, scarcely less ancient, of an impetuous eagerness to demolish any theory, however plausible, which comes athwart a favourite prejudice. What though the anatomist does discover a very close resemblance and very slight differences between the structure of a gorilla and the structure of a human being; there is no need, on that account, that mankind in a feeling of injured dignity should angrily rouse up and disclaim the undesired relationship. Whatever may be said or written, it is quite plain after all that a man is not a gorilla, and that a gorilla is not a man; it is furthermore manifest that gorillas do not breed men now-a-days, and that we have not the shadow of any evidence to guide us in forming; an opinion as to what they may have clone in times past. The negative testimony of Du Chaillu, who says that he searched in vain in the gorilla region for any intermediate race or link between it and man, scarcely adds anything to the conviction of the non-existence of any such link, which has long been universally entertained.*

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document