scholarly journals Teologia pracy: asceza, kenoza, apokalipsa

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 13-45
Author(s):  
Agata Bielik-Robson
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Creative Destruction ◽  
Theology Of Work ◽  
Modern Idea ◽  
Duns Scotus ◽  
Classic Approach ◽  
The Subject

The subject of this essay is the modern theology of work. Contrary to neoplatonism that condemned matter as unworthy of spiritual investment, theology of work states that matter is an ontological material that deserves further processing. Therefore, if modernity is to be understood as the beginning of the materialistic philosophy of immanence, early modern theological transformations have deeply contributed to this. Namely, the appreciation of matter as a realistically existing material to work through, the not yet ready and not fully shaped element of creation justifying the creatio continua in the human version, has certainly inaugurated a turn towards temporality, far less random than Max Weber thought. In Weber’s classic approach, Puritan theology played the role of a catalyst for modernity, creating the concept of “intra-world asceticism”. It stood for work conceived as Beruf which, in line with the Lutheran concept, means “profession and vocation”. However, the author points to another – no more ascetic – theological genealogy of the modern idea of work, whose sources lie in the vision of the delayed apocalypse or, in other words, creative destruction. This extraordinary theology of work has its roots in the nominalism of Duns Scotus, the Kabbalah of Isaac Luria, then transformed into the Christian Kabbalah, Goethe’s Faust and particularly in Hegel’s dialectical concept of work performed by the destructive and yet suppressed negativity.

scholarly journals Czy na pewno „bestsellery staropolskie”?

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-300
Author(s):  
Elżbieta A. Jurkowska
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Narrative Texts ◽  
Popular Narrative ◽  
Structured Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Open Nature

The subject of the review is a text of Andrzej Tadeusz Staniszewki entitled Cracow Histories. The Functioning of Popular Narrative Texts in an Early Modern Cracow, which addresses the topic of presence, place, and role of old stories in an Early Modern Cracow. The reviewer pays attention to a well though-out and well-structured analysis, and makes an attempt to organise an important area of research. Moreover, she highlights an open nature of the work, which suggests that the research of Andrzej Tadeusz Staniszewski should be continued. 

And yet, we were modern. The paradoxes of Iberian science after the Grand Narratives

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pimentel ◽  
José Pardo-Tomás
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Grand Narrative ◽  
Spanish Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Franco Dictatorship

In this article, we try to explain the origin of a disagreement; the sort that often arises when the subject is the history of early modern Spanish science. In the decades between 1970 and 1990, while some historians were trying to include Spain in the grand narrative of the rise of modern science, the very historical category of the Scientific Revolution was beginning to be dismantled. It could be said that Spaniards were boarding the flagship of modern science right before it sank. To understand this décalage it would be helpful to recall the role of the history of science during the years after the Franco dictatorship and Spain’s transition to democracy. It was a discipline useful for putting behind us the Black Legend and Spanish exceptionalism.

Provoking Performance: Printed Dialogue and Early Modern Publics in Christopher St. German's Salem and Bizance

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-451
Author(s):  
Simone Waller
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Public Speaking ◽  
Thomas More ◽  
Modern Politics ◽  
The Subject

This essay argues that Christopher St. German made tactical use of the dialogue form to cultivate a public in his print controversy with Thomas More on the subject of reform. Publishing in the early 1530s, More accused St. German of disseminating disgruntled speech in print absent a real constituency of speakers voicing such complaints. St. German countered More's critique by incorporating a dialogue between the characters Salem and Bizance that conflated the reading of his printed works with the speaking and sharing of their political concerns. Although the role of performance in early modern politics has long been recognized in connection to the theater and theatricality, St. German's work demonstrates that early print also invoked the bodily interactivity and iterability characteristic of performance in order to script readers’ use of the relatively new medium. St. German's Salem and Bizance dialogue thus prompted print readers to understand themselves as, and indeed to become, partisan members of a public speaking in and about the debate.

The significance (and insignificance) of precedent in early Stuart parliaments

2018 ◽  
pp. 153-171
Author(s):  
Simon Healy
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Parliamentary Debates ◽  
Stuart Period ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Political Disputes

Precedents were frequently invoked in early modern parliaments, particularly by lawyers, whose profession used ‘artificial reason’ to elucidate legal precedents, and who attempted to impose this paradigm upon constitutional debates. If laws and precedents were straightforwardly bastions of the subject’s liberties (as lawyers claimed), then they might have been deployed only in specific contexts. However, many invocations of precedent occurred along the ill-defined borderlands between the common law and the prerogative. This essay considers the role of precedent in four important parliamentary debates of the early Stuart period: over the proposed union of England and Scotland, over impositions, over impeachment, and over the liberty of the subject in relation to the Five Knights’ Case and the Petition of Right. It stresses how ineffectual precedents proved in resolving political disputes, and argues that more pragmatic considerations were paramount.

The Role of Governments in Economic Growth in Early Modern Times

1975 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic C. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Early Modern Times

A discussion fifty years ago of comparative economic history would have taken a broader view and would probably have been concerned very largely with exploring along the trails blazed by Max Weber and Marc Bloch. They were interested in many other aspects of economic history besides economic growth and I hope that similar broader interests will shortly show signs of reanimation. In spite of the present popularity of quantitative studies of changes in production, I hope some discussions at this meeting will examine comparative studies of forms of economic organization and the human qualities those structures reflected or generated. But my remarks here accord with the present preoccupation with that kind of economic history in which the all-important questions relate to the causes of economic growth. And I limit myself to one aspect only, the influence of governments.

scholarly journals Shakespeare’s Measure for Measure: The Problem Of Social Reform and Marriage

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Farhana Wazir Khan
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
The Public ◽  
Measure For Measure ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City

The article focuses on Shakespeare’s play: Measure for Measure, with the aim of bringing to light the central problem of the play which is that of social reform and marriage in an early modern European society. It is a play that has been located against the background of seventeenth century society of London where it was first performed. However, it is symbolically set in the city of Vienna. Feminist and Historicist critics have been cited in the article in an interpretation of the play which requires a consideration of the role of women and their status in the playworld. The issues of private and public marriages, and the ambiguity governing the laws on marriage, form the complex problem raised in the play. It is the contention of the article that Shakespeare emphasized the need to regulate the legal system with a view to promote greater representation and voice to women who were victimized by the corrupt legal institutions, both religious and official. Thus, the article suggests that the developments in the position of women, and the questions as to whether they were married or single, were the subject of public concern and debate in sixteenth and seventeenth century Europe. Marriage was, therefore, felt to be the most crucial issue in this regard and the aim of the dramatists and literary writers was to popularize the difficulties faced by women with a view to raising the consciousness of the public.

States of secrecy: an introduction

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
KOEN VERMEIR ◽  
DÁNIEL MARGÓCSY
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Georg Simmel ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
Knowledge Content

AbstractThis introductory article provides an overview of the historiography of scientific secrecy from J.D. Bernal and Robert Merton to this day. It reviews how historians and sociologists of science have explored the role of secrets in commercial and government-sponsored scientific research through the ages. Whether focusing on the medieval, early modern or modern periods, much of this historiography has conceptualized scientific secrets as valuable intellectual property that helps entrepreneurs and autocratic governments gain economic or military advantage over competitors. Following Georg Simmel and Max Weber, this article offers an alternative interpretation of secrecy as a tool to organize and to hierarchically order society. In this view, the knowledge content of secrecy is less important than its social-psychological effects. The authors argue that, in many instances, entrepreneurial researchers and governments use scientific secrets as an effective tool to manipulate the beliefs of their competitors and the larger public, and not necessarily to protect the knowledge that they hold.

scholarly journals Kultura gospodarcza cywilizacji zachodniej – jej istota, sprzeczności i znaczenie dla rozwoju w skali globalnej

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 233-252
Author(s):  
Michał A. Michalski
Keyword(s):  
Max Weber ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
The West ◽  
The Family ◽  
Economic Culture ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cultural Contradictions ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
The Impact

The article presents an analysis of economic culture of the Western civilization in the context of its current shape and condition. Although this topic has already been chosen as the subject of research in the past, in this paper the stress is put on those aspects that do not seem to be very popular. To look at the uniqueness of the Western civilization in the context of a globalized world may seem incorrect to some extent, but in our opinion it is still necessary if we want to explore and to discover the sources of unprecedented growth and development that not only the West have benefited from. The article thereby contributes to the field of the research of the impact of culture on the socioeconomic order. The paper therefore seeks to offer an explanation of the specific path that the Western civilization has followed, because it is important in the context of the future dilemmas of global society, which needs to find solutions to its different challenges and problems. Besides discussing the contribution of such recognized authors as Max Weber and Peter L. Berger, the article analyses the role of mediating structures (with special reference to the family) and cultural contradictions which seriously influence the shape and condition of the West these days.

scholarly journals Tracing the Boundaries of the Natural: Medicine and the Inquiry on Miracles in Early Modern Canonization Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-390
Author(s):  
Alessandro Laverda
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Natural Recovery ◽  
Natural Medicine ◽  
Full Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
The One

Abstract Between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the inquiry on miracles in the canonization process reveals a fundamental cooperation between medicine and religion. During the last stage of the trials, theologians, lawyers, and physicians concurred with refined reports to accomplish full analysis of the alleged miracles. The promoter of the faith had the task of doubting the supposed miracle healing on juridical, medical and theological grounds; the lawyer supporting the cause responded to any inconsistency in witnesses’ depositions; the physician had the task of finding any natural causes which could lead to a natural recovery of the subject. The interplay of these tripartite disciplines underlies early modern probation of supposed miracles. In this paper I will examine the institutional and cultural consequences of the demand for evidence in canonization trials: on the one hand, the increasing role of medical experts in the assessment of miracles and the friction between them and the other members of the committee; on the other hand, the rise of a new method of inquiry in the legal arena.

‘Tot eeuwige memorie de druckerye-konste’

Quaerendo ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trude Dijkstra
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Cultural Consumption ◽  
De Vries ◽  
Cultural Power ◽  
The Subject

Abstract This article explores the ways in which early modern writers and readers related to and reflected on the Chinese invention of print by way of an examination of Simon de Vries’s Curieuse aenmerckingen der bysonderste Oost en West-Indische dingen of 1682. It will consider De Vries in his ternary role of author, compiler and reader, meaning that his account not only displays the economic rules of cultural consumption to which De Vries was bound as author and compiler, but also his own opinions and preferences as reader. In the guise of writer, editor, and reader De Vries aims to present his potential readership with a thought-out consideration of the wide variety of European sources available on the subject of Chinese print, concentrating on those elements of contention that may speak for or against either Europe or China’s reputation as technological and cultural power. In the end, neither takes pride of place. By arguing for an independent invention of print, De Vries essentially put China on the same level as Europe.

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