Анализ «Методики разработки нормативов допустимых сбросов веществ и микроорганизмов в водные объекты для водопользователей» в общем контексте водоохранного законодательства (в порядке обсуждения)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Saakian ◽  
Aleksandr, Grigor’ev ◽  
E. Kravets ◽  
E. Rudakov ◽  
A. Faddeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Best Available Technologies ◽  
Process Indicators ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Protection Legislation ◽  
The Impact

Выполнен анализ действующей редакции Методики разработки нормативов допустимых сбросов веществ и микроорганизмов в водные объекты для водопользователей , утвержденной приказом Минприроды России от 17 декабря 2007 г. 333, на предмет непротиворечивости и соответствия нормам водоохранного законодательства. Выявлена неопределенность применения Методики в условиях воздействия на качество воды природных и антропогенных факторов, не зависящих от конкретного водопользователя. Положения Методики противоречат принципам нормирования воздействия на водные объекты на основе наилучших доступных технологий, что было показано на примерах утвержденных технологических показателей содержания загрязняющих веществ в сточных водах различных отраслей промышленности. Анализ системы нормирования допустимых воздействий на водные объекты и географической дифференциации нормативов качества воды в пределах Российской Федерации вместе с системой целевых показателей качества воды также показал несоответствие Методики основным принципам водоохранного законодательства.The analysis of the current edition of the Methods of developing standards for permissible discharges of substances and microorganisms into water bodies for water users , approved by the Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia dated December 17, 2007 No. 333 for consilience and compliance with the regulations of the water protection legislation, is carried out. Uncertainty of the application of the Methods in the conditions of the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors that are independent of a specific water user on the quality of water has been identified. The provisions of the Methods contradict the principles of regulating the impact on water bodies based on the best available technologies shown on the examples of approved process indicators of the concentrations of various industrial pollutants in wastewater. An analysis of the system of regulating the permissible impact on water bodies and the geographical differentiation of water quality standards within the boundaries of the Russian Federation, together with the system of water quality targets, also showed that the Methods do not comply with the basic principles of the water protection legislation.

scholarly journals Methodical approaches to the evaluation of surface pollution of water objects in the area of mining enterprises (on the example of Donetsk-Pridniprovsk region)

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Olena Voloshkina ◽  
Olena Zhukova ◽  
Irina Korduba ◽  
Daniil Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Long Time

The most important component of ecologically safe development of natural and socio-economic systems is the use of nature, which involves the organization of water resources, which ensures sustainable development and for a long time retains sufficient water potential. The ХХІ century is characterized by significant negative changes in the natural environment caused by the uncontrolled use of natural resources, the development of industry and transport, which leads to increased water consumption and at the same time increase its pollution. This has been particularly noticeable over the last 50 years, when human impact on the planet's water cycle has reached a global scale. Deterioration of the ecological condition of surface waters is due to qualitative and quantitative depletion of factors of their formation, which in some cases makes it impossible to use them for economic purposes. Water quality of water bodies is formed under the influence of both natural and anthropogenic factors. As a result of human activity in reservoirs many anthropogenic substances of various degree of toxicity can arrive. The article attempts to assess changes in surface water quality over the past decade and to determine the degree of natural and man-made transformation of rivers in the region and the possibility of their self-restoration and stabilization of the ecological danger of the region. The existing methods of assessment of water bodies by chemical indicators used in the area of operation of mining enterprises are considered. In some methods, the assessment of water bodies usually reflects regional features rather than their own pollution. Calculations for the water basin river Siverskyi Donets are made and relevant patterns are established.

scholarly journals Technological Norms and Quality Objectives for Surface Waters

2015 ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Best Available Techniques ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Surface Water Bodies

Analysis of the Russian legislation novels aimed at implementation of norms of impact upon environment at the best available techniques level applied to surface water bodies has been presented. It is noted that acting regulations do not completely secure realization of the combined approach to water resources management. In particular, there are no mechanisms to create incentives for further reduction of pollutants discharge to water bodies in case when the best available techniques do not secure attainment of water quality norms or the water body status objectives, when surface water bodies water quality norms accounting their natural and anthropogenic features stipulated by the acting Russian legislation are not yet developed. Proposals on accounting of objectives concerning the surface water body status in the process of regulating impacts upon it on the basis of technological norms and norms of permissible discharge have been made: to calculate surface water bodies water quality objective with taking into account natural and unavoidable anthropogenic factors according the proposed algorithm; when calculating norms of permissible impact to use objectives instead of water quality norms till up to development and approval of the latter (in accordance with the standing legislation); when delivering integrated environmental permissions it is necessary to take into account the norms of permissible impact but not only to observe the technological norms. The recommended procedure of obtaining an integrated environmental permission and setting of provisionally permitted discharge volume for water users discharging waste water to surface water bodies has been described. Proposals on elaboration of the legislative basis have been made.

Management and Status of Japanese Public Waters

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Goda
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Japanese Rivers ◽  
Per Capita

The management and status of public water bodies in Japan is discussed. The environmental quality standards which have been set and the levels of compliance with these standards are shown. The water quality of Japanese rivers, lakes, reservoirs, wetlands and coastal waters is described, and eutrophication problems are mentioned. The effects of changes in population density and levels of recycling of industrial wastewaters on the quality of water bodies are discussed. Almost 75% of industrial wastewater is now recycled. Per capita availability of freshwater in Japan is comparatively low, and the construction of 530 dams, in addition to the 2393 dams already in operation, is planned. Irrigation effluents from paddy fields are a major factor which influences river water quality in Japan. The improvement of water quality using various methods is discussed.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of Small Hydropower Plants on the Ecological Status Indicators of Water Bodies: A Case Study in Lithuania

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
Laima Česonienė ◽  
Midona Dapkienė ◽  
Petras Punys
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Fish Abundance ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Hydropower Plants ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Hydropower plants produce renewable and sustainable energy but affect the river’s physico-chemical characteristics and change the abundance and composition of the aquatic organisms. The impact of large HPPs on the ecological conditions of surface water bodies have been extensively studied, but less attention has been paid to environmental impact studies of small hydropower plants (SHPs). The impact of hydropeaking on both the river flow regime and ecosystems has been well-studied for peaking mode plants, mainly medium to large-sized ones. However, for small hydroelectric power plants, and especially for those in lowland rivers, the available information on water quality, benthic macroinvertebrates communities and fish abundance, and biomass is not sufficient. Ten small hydropower plants were selected, and the ecological status of water bodies was assessed in different parts of Lithuania. The studies were performed at the riverbed upstream from the SHPs, where the hydrological regime has not changed, and downstream from the SHPs. It was found that the small hydropower plants do not affect the physico-chemical values of the water quality indicators. This study demonstrated that the total number of benthic macroinvertebrates taxa (TS) is influenced by the concentration of nitrogen and suspended solids, the water flow, the river area, and the current speed; the number of EPT (Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies), and Trichoptera (caddisflies)) taxa is influenced by the concentration of nitrogen and suspended solids. The studied indicators do not have a significant impact on biomass. The SHPs affect the fish abundance and biomass. The Lithuanian fish index (LFI) is influenced by the average depth and area of the river. Some SHPs operating in lowland areas may yield somewhat significant hydrograph ramping but more detailed investigation is needed to support the significance of this impact on the biological indices.

scholarly journals Investigating the Impact of Anthropogenic and Natural Sources of Pollution on Quality of Water in Upper Indus Basin (UIB) by Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansoor A. Baluch ◽  
Hashim Nisar Hashmi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analysis ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Anthropogenic Source ◽  
Indus River ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The Impact

Water quality of the Indus River around the upper basin and the main river was evaluated with the help of statistical analysis. In order to analyze the similarities and dissimilarities for identifying the spatial variations in water quality of the Indus River and sources of contamination, multivariate statistical analysis, i.e., principle component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis, and descriptive analysis, was done. Data of 8 physicochemical quality parameters from 64 sampling stations belonging to 6 regions (labeled as M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, and M6) were used for analysis. The parameters used for assessing the water quality were pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), oxygen reducing potential (ORP), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity (%), and concentration of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb), respectively. PCA assisted in extracting and recognizing the responsible variation factors of water quality over the region, and the results showed three underlying factors including anthropogenic source pollution along with runoff due to rain and soil erosion were responsible for explaining the 93.87% of total variance. The parameters which were significantly influenced by anthropogenic impact are DO, EC, TDS (negative), and concentration of Pb (positive), while the concentration of As, % salinity, and ORP are affected by erosion and runoff due to rain. The worst pollution situation for regions M1 and M6 was due to the concentration of As which was approximately 400 μg/l (i.e., 40 times higher than minimum WHO recommendation). Furthermore, the results also indicated that, in the Indus River, three monitoring stations and five quality parameters are sufficient to have a reasonable confidence about the quality of water in this most important reserve of Pakistan.

Water-Related Tools for Climate Change Adaptation in the Flemish Region: The Art of Linking Water Quality Standards to Spatial Planning

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-301
Author(s):  
Peter De Smedt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) establishes a framework for integrated water management and functions as a major legal frame for the protection of water bodies in Europe. In the Flemish Region the Directive has been implemented by the Decree of 18 July 2003 on Integral Water Policy. As climate change affects the quality and quantity status of water bodies, the question arises whether the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Flemish implementation legislation are well-suited to handle climate change impacts. Although climate change concerns are not explicitly incorporated in the text of the WFD and the Flemish Decree, this author believes that the main components for an effective adaptation strategy are included in the above mentioned legislation. More in particular, this is achieved by the environmental objectives which have to be elaborated in environmental quality standards (EQS) on the one hand, and the integrated approach on the other hand. Water quality management on the basis of a high level of protection of the aquatic environment is indispensable for adapting to climate change, as ecosystem-based adaptation is most cost-effective. Therefore spatial planning should integrate water quality concerns, as spatial planning may be critical for spatial quality and more specific for the achievement of the environmental objectives. Consequently this contribution focuses on the impact of water quality standards on permit decision-making and spatial planning. In this context some legal instruments anchored in the Flemish legislation on integral water policy will be highlighted, especially the 'watertoets' (translated as the water checkup), which may be useful to facilitate adaptation to climate change.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of Forestry and Settlement-Forest Use of the Catchments on the Parameters of Surface Water Quality: Case Studies for Chechło Reservoir Catchment, Southern Poland

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bogdał ◽  
Andrzej Wałęga ◽  
Tomasz Kowalik ◽  
Agnieszka Cupak
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study was to determine the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on the values of 22 quality indicators of surface waters flowing out of two small catchments differing in physiographic parameters and land use, in particular forest cover and urbanization of the area. The research was carried out in the years 2012–2014 at four measurement-control points located on the Chechło river and the Młoszówka stream (Poland), which are the main tributaries of the retention reservoir. Basic descriptive statistics, statistical tests, as well as cluster analysis and factor analysis were used to interpret the research results. The water that outflowed from the forestry-settlement catchment of the Młoszówka stream contained higher concentrations of total phosphorus, phosphates, nitrite, and nitrate nitrogen and salinity indicators than outflow from the Chechło river. Water from the Młoszówka stream was characterized by more favourable oxygen conditions. Higher oxygen concentration in the catchment influenced a large slope of the watercourse and thus higher water velocity, which is promoted by the mixed process. In the case of the forest catchment of the Chechło river, the water quality was generally better than in the Młoszówka stream, mainly in cases of total suspended solids TSS, total phosphorus TP, phosphates PO43−, total nitrogen TN, nitrite N–NO2−, nitrate N–NO3−, and salinity parameters. Despite it being a short section of the river taken into the study, favourable self-purification processes like mixed, nitrification, and denitrification were observed in its water. The research shows that forest areas have a positive effect on the balance of most substances dissolved in water, and natural factors in many cases shape the quality and utility values of surface waters on an equal footing with anthropogenic factors. In the case of a large number of examined parameters and complex processes occurring in water, the interpretation of the results makes it much easier by applying multivariate statistical methods.

scholarly journals Water Quality of Freshwater Ecosystems in a Temperate Climate

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2643
Author(s):  
Piotr Klimaszyk ◽  
Ryszard Gołdyn
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Water Ecosystems ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Water is the substance that made life on Earth possible. It plays a key role in both the individual and population development of all species. Water is also a critical resource for humans as populations continue to grow and climate change affects global and local water cycles. Water is a factor limiting economic development in many regions of the world. Under these conditions, good water quality becomes an extremely important factor that determines its economic utility, including water supply, recreation, and agriculture. Proper water quality maintenance of freshwater ecosystems is also very important for preserving biodiversity. The quality of water depends on many factors, the most important of which are related to human impact on water ecosystems, especially the impact of various pollutants from municipal economy, industry and agriculture. Hydrotechnical changes, such as river damming, drainage processes and water transport between catchments also have a significant impact. Water quality is also dependent on the impact of natural conditions connected, e.g., with climate, catchment, water organisms and their interactions within the food-webs, etc. This Special Issue consists of fourteen original scientific papers concerning different problems associated with the water quality of freshwater ecosystems in a temperate climate. Most of the articles deal with the relations between water quality and the structure of ecosystem biocenoses. The conclusion of these articles confirms the fact that the deterioration of water quality has a direct impact on the quantitative and qualitative structure of biocenoses. This is accompanied by a decline in biodiversity and the disappearance of rare plant and animal species. They also draw attention to the particular importance of internal physical and chemical differentiation within the aquatic ecosystem, both in horizontal and vertical dimensions. The problem of ensuring proper ecological conditions and good quality of water in freshwater aquatic ecosystems is also raised, and methods for the restoration of water bodies are presented. The majority of the research presented in this Special Issue was carried out in Central Europe, and one of the papers concerns the area of West Africa—the edge of temperate climate zone.

scholarly journals The role of the mahogany tree (Swietenia macrophylla King) on quantity and quality of water that fall below the canopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 918 (1) ◽  
pp. 012036
Author(s):  
M F Fadhilah ◽  
Y Hidayat ◽  
A Hadiyane
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Measurement ◽  
Hardness Measurement ◽  
Swietenia Macrophylla ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Quality Measurement ◽  
Rainwater Quality

Abstract Mahogany trees (Swietenia macrophylla) are often planted in urban forests area. This shady-crowned tree has a role in controlling the quantity and quality of rainwater that falls to the ground. Mahogany trees also affect the quality of rainwater through interception, fall, and stemflow. The purpose of this research was to determine the impact of the interception process, such as throughfall and stemflow, on changes in rainwater quality of the mahogany tree. The Data that needed to be measured were tree dimension, rainfall interception, and rainwater quality. Interception measurement was performed by calculating the number of throughfall and stemflow in one month-measurement. While the measurement of rainwater quality was measured once in the laboratory. These water quality measurements include Electrical Conductivity (EC), hardness, the content of Elements Ca, Mg, Na and K, and pH concentrations. The results based on the total area of the crown showed that mahogany had an interception value of 18.088%. In the throughfall measurement, the mahogany has a throughfall of 81.799%, while the amount of the stemflow is only 0.113%. The correlation of interception values, throughfall, and stemflow with rainfall are in general positively correlated. That means the higher rainfall water will increase the number of interception, throughfall, and stemflow. The results on water quality measurement explain that Ec value in rainwater interception was increased compared to water produced from rainfall in mahogany trees. It also has the same condition in hardness measurement. In pH measurements, the interception of rainwater has less pH when compared to direct rainfall water. In addition, the content of Elements Ca, Mg, K, and Na in Stemflow and Throughfall water have more numbers than rainfall itself.

scholarly journals Assessing state of water protection zones of Volga River within Ilyinka village area (Astrakhan region)

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Vasil'eva ◽  
Irina Melnik
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Protection Zones ◽  
Molybdenum Sulfides ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
The Impact

Anthropogenic pollution of water basins may become a serious threat for ecosystems and human health. Pollutants are transferred through food chains or directly when untreated water is used, released to soil through subsoil waters or during floods. The increased anthropogenic load on rivers’ hydrosystems, especially in their del-tas, is becoming rampant these days. The goal of the research is to study the coastal areas and to assess the state of vegetation. To achieve this goal, standard methods of biotesting and bioindication were applied in the territories of two water-protection zones – those of the Volga River and the Nozhovskiy erik (shallow channel in the Volga delta – translator’s note) near the Ilyinka village. The water quality in the Volga River, within the examined range, is stably characterized as “dirty” (4th class). The exceeded level of maximum permissible concentrations for petroleum products, heavy metals (mercury, zinc, molybdenum), sulfides and phenols is observed. The research has not revealed the impact of the quality of water on phytotoxicity of the soil and indices of abundance of the vegetation that grows in this territory. Toxicity of soils is weak in the area of the Nozhovskiy erik, it is very weak in the area of the Volga River: the germination capacity of the test object (watercress) ranges between 67 and 88%, morpho-metric indices of plants do not differ much from those in control groups. Within the summer period the monitoring sites were characterized by the maximum frequency-abundance indices of typical representatives of the local flora, which are camel thorn (Alhagi pseudalhagi) and greater burdock (Arctium lappa). Vegetation in these areas is abundant, its state is assessed as satisfactory.

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