Cytotoxicity and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum Cav.) Peel Extract in Lipopolysaccharide Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells

Abstrak: Obat anti inflamasi sering diresepkan dalam bidang kedokteran gigi. Umumnya obat-obat ini memiliki efek samping beragam, dari yang ringan hingga parah seperti perdarahan lambung. Oleh karena itu, bahan anti inflamasi yang alami dan lebih aman diperlukan sebagai alternatif. Solanum betaceum Cav., dikenal sebagai terong Belanda, merupakan buah eksotik yang dapat juga dipergunakan sebagai bahan obat. Limbah buah seperti kulit dan biji biasanya tidak dikonsumsi. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa limbah dari berbagai jenis buah mengandung senyawa bioaktif yang bermanfaat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sitotoksistas dan kemampuan anti-inflamasi dari ekstrak kulit terong Belanda terhadap makrofag lini RAW 264.7 yang diinduksi oleh lipopolisakarida (LPS). Sitotoksistas diuji untuk menentukan konsentrasi yang aman dengan menggunakan metode MTS. Aktivitas anti-inflamasi dinilai dengan membandingkan kadar PGE-2, TNF-α, dan IL-1β pada sel RAW 264.7 yang distimulasi LPS antara kelompok yang diberikan ekstrak dan yang tidak diberikan ekstrak menggunakan metode ELISA. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa ekstrak kulit terong Belanda dapat menekan produksi PGE-2, TNF-α, dan IL-1β pada sel RAW 264.7 yang diinduksi dengan LPS. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah ekstrak kulit Solanum betaceum Cav memiliki kemampuan antiinflamasi melalui penekanan produksi PGE-2, TNF-α, dan IL-1β pada sel RAW 264.7 yang diinduksi LPS.Kata kunci: ekstrak kulit Solanum betaceum Cav. (terong Belanda), sitotoksistas, antiinflamasi Abstract: Anti-inflammatory agents are commonly prescribed in dentistry. Most of them have side effects varying from mild to severe such as gastric bleeding. Therefore, a safer and natural anti-inflammatory agent is needed as an alternative. Solanum betaceum Cav., known as tamarillo, is one of exotic fruits used in traditional medicines. The fruit wastes such as peels and seeds, are usually unconsumed. However, many investigators have reported that wastes from numerous fruits had potent bioactive compounds. This study was aimed to assess the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activities of tamarillo peel extract (TPE) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. The cytotoxicity of TPE was performed to determine the non-toxic concentration by using MTS method. The inflammatory markers measured in this study were PGE-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Their concentrations were measured by using ELISA based assay. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined by comparing the reduction of the inflammatory mediators between the LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells treated with TPE and the non-treated group. This study revealed that TPE could reduce the production of PGE-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, tamarillo peel extract possess an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing the production of PGE-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.Keywords: Solanum betaceum Cav. (tamarillo) peel extract, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory

Download Full-text

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Four Triterpenoids Isolated from Poriae Cutis

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10123155 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 3155

Author(s):

Lijia Zhang ◽

Mengzhou Yin ◽

Xi Feng ◽

Salam A. Ibrahim ◽

Ying Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

High Performance ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Dose Dependent

In this study, triterpenoid compounds from Poriae Cutis were separated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) and identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of the purified triterpenoids on RAW 264.7 cells were also investigated. Triterpenoids, poricoic acid B, poricoic acid A, dehydrotrametenolic acid, and dehydroeburicoic acid were obtained; their levels of purity were 90%, 92%, 93%, and 96%, respectively. The results indicated that poricoic acid B had higher anti-inflammatory activity than those of poricoic acid A by inhibiting the generation of NO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. However, dehydrotrametenolic acid and dehydroeburicoic acid had no anti-inflammatory activity. In addition, the production of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in cells treated with poricoic acid B decreased in a dose-dependent manner in the concentration range from 10 to 40 μg/mL. The results provide evidence for the use of Poriae Cutis as a natural anti-inflammatory agent in medicines and functional foods.

Download Full-text

Aktivitas Antiinflamasi Crude Extract Fukoidan dari Sargassum crassifolium pada Sel RAW 264.7 yang Diinduksi LPS

Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia ◽

10.22435/jki.v9i2.1547 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 97-105

Author(s):

Pangartika Hikariastri ◽

Hendig Winarno ◽

Kusmardi Kusmardi ◽

Dian Ratih Laksmitawati ◽

Syamsudin Abdillah

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Macrophage Activation ◽

Basic Mechanism ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Proinflammatory Mediators ◽

Promising Target ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Inflammation is known as the basic mechanism underlying various chronic diseases. Macrophage activation by inflammatory stimulus induces the release of inflammatory mediators, thus the mediators becoming a promising target of anti-inflammatory drug development. Previous studies indicated that fucoidan has anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the release of proinflammatory mediators. The aim of this study is determining anti-inflammatory activity of fucoidan crude extract form Sargassum crassifolium Garut waters by observing its effect on proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, dan IL-6. Fucoidan is a polysaccharide substance which has various characteristics, depending on the source and the extraction method which is influencing its bioactivity. Sargassum crassifolium collected from Garut-West Java is extracted using diluted HCl 0,1 M and precipitated with ethanol to obtain fucoidan crude extract. The crude extract is tested on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells to evaluate its effect on TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 level using ELISA method. The result showed that fucoidan crude extract decreased the level of TNF-α by the dose of 25 and 50 μg/ml, and decreased the level of IL-1β and IL-6 by the dose of 25 μg/ml. The dose of 50 μg/ml failed to inhibit IL-1β and IL-6 production. This study showed that fucoidan crude extract derived from S. crassifolium has anti-inflammatory activity to RAW 264.7 cells by the dose of 25 μg/ml.

Download Full-text

A New Flavonol From Saussurea involucrata With Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x211007638 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 1934578X2110076

Author(s):

Sheng Pan ◽

Zi-Guan Zhu

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Spectroscopic Methods ◽

Soluble Extract ◽

Saussurea Involucrata ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory

A new flavonol named 6-(2'',3''-epoxy-3''-methylbutyl)-resokaempferol (1), together with five known compounds (2-6) were isolated from the EtOAc-soluble extract of the aerial part of Saussurea involucrata. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. All compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects by measuring the production of nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α in vitro. Among them, compound 1 showed potential inhibitory activity on the production of NO and TNF-α in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells with IC50 values of 48.0 ± 1.5 and 41.4 ± 1.7 µM, respectively.

Download Full-text

Nepetoidin B from Salvia plebeia R. Br. Inhibits Inflammation by Modulating the NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathways in Macrophage Cells

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10081208 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1208

Author(s):

Mina Kim ◽

Ji Yeong Kim ◽

Hee Sun Yang ◽

Jeong-Sook Choe ◽

In Guk Hwang

Keyword(s):

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Treated Group ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Related Factor ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Factor Α

Salvia plebeia has been used to treat a variety of inflammatory diseases, as well as colds and bronchitis. Macrophages have antioxidant defense mechanisms to cope with the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced as part of the immune response. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase (HO)-1 pathway in inflamed macrophages is an appealing target due to its protective effect against ROS-induced cell damage. In this study, nepetoidin B (NeB) was first isolated from S. plebeia and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NeB reduced pro-inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β) in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. In the NeB-treated group, catalase and superoxide dismutase levels were significantly higher, and ROS expression decreased. By activating Nrf2 signaling, NeB enhanced HO-1 expression. Furthermore, when the cells were pretreated with tin protoporphyrin (an HO-1 inhibitor), the anti-inflammatory effects of NeB were reduced. Therefore, NeB may activate the Nrf2/ HO-1 pathway. These results reveal the NeB isolated from S. plebeia exerts anti-inflammatory effects by modulating NF-κB signaling and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

Download Full-text