The Financial Determinants of Investment Level Based on the Direction of Production of Agricultural Enterprises  in the European Union

Globalization processes around the world affect the activities of economic entities, which in turn leads to changes in their accounting and taxation systems. The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the application of the simplified system of accounting and taxation of agrarian businesses of small businesses in order to identify problematic aspects and areas of state support for their functioning in the context of European integration. A study of the main aspects of the Association Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, on the other hand, in terms of accounting and taxation. It is determined that the implementation of domestic legislation to the regulations of the European Union (directives) is tangible for both businesses and individuals. Analytical data on the activities of small busi-nesses in Ukraine, including agricultural enterprises, are presented. The results of the analysis show a decrease in the number of small enterprises for the period 2015-2019. At the same time, the volumes of produced and sold products of small businesses and micro-enterprises are growing, which testifies to the importance of the activities of these businesses. It is determined that the conditions of production and economic activity of business entities are accompanied by constant changes in current legislation, which causes uncertainty in their position in the competitive environment, leads to the risk of transactions and increased tax burden, and as a result – business closure or withdrawal in the shadows. "The current systems of taxation of small businesses are studied and their advantages and disadvantages are identified. The main criteria for assigning business entities to the group of small businesses in the agricultural sector, taking into account the Tax and Commercial Codes of Ukraine, as well as the provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On Accounting and Financial Reporting in Ukraine". The system of taxation and accounting of small agricultural enterprises is studied. It was found that the current situation in agriculture indicates the shortcomings and lack of efficiency of the tax system, which requires scientific and methodological support for a consistent and stable tax policy for this category of taxpayers, the use of tax incentives for small businesses, improving the simplified taxation of small businesses . Examining the organization of accounting for small businesses in the context of European integration, the framework of the feasibility of changes in the accounting system. It is noted that a certain problem is the inconsistency of financial and tax accounting for the formation of a harmonized information product for different groups of users. The opinion is expressed that the fiscal orientation of accounting should be reoriented to the needs of the management system and high-quality information support of stakeholders, including foreign investors. It is noted that the legislation on ac-counting and taxation systems, opening and registration of small and micro enterprises needs to be changed. In order to properly support the development of small business, it is proposed to create favorable conditions for taxation and a clear accounting system: providing information and financial support for the process of business organization and the transition to international accounting standards; organization of the system of training of entrepreneurs and retraining of accountants; streamlining mechanisms to protect the rights of small businesses.

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Agricultural Land and Land Tax – Significant Indicators of Agriculture Business Activities in the Slovak Republic

European Countryside ◽

10.1515/euco-2016-0008 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 98-108

Author(s):

Renáta Krajčírová ◽

Alexandra Ferenczi Vaňová ◽

Michal Munk

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Primary Production ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Slovak Republic ◽

The European Union ◽

Agricultural Enterprises ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

Increasing Trend ◽

The Mean

Abstract The article is focused on the consideration between the agricultural land acreage and the amount of land tax in the selected sample of companies of agricultural primary production in the Slovak Republic within the period from 2010 to 2014 based on the data from departmental database of enterprises with primary agricultural production drawn from the factsheets of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of the Slovak Republic presented by the selected statistical methods. In particular, the article presents the agricultural land and land tax from the accounting and tax perspective of the Slovak Republic and the European Union. It can be resulted that a slightly declining trend of the mean acreage of agricultural land was recorded for the evaluated group of agricultural enterprises within the reported period, while the mean land tax value per hectare of agricultural land had increasing trend. Results of the survey on significances of differences in the values of the dependent variables at the level of combinations of factors of year and enterprise indicate that the acreage of agricultural land and the volume of the land tax are statistically dependant at the level of year, however there are not dependent at the level of combination of factors of year and enterprise within the surveyed period.

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Concentration and Horizontal Integration in Milk Production

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/14/3368 ◽

2004 ◽

pp. 60-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

József Horváth

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Milk Production ◽

Large Scale ◽

Farm Size ◽

Small Scale ◽

Private Enterprises ◽

The European Union ◽

Horizontal Integration ◽

Agricultural Enterprises ◽

Process Level

Agriculture in Hungary was characterised by the duality of large-scale farms (co-ops and state farms) and small-scale private enterprises until the beginning of the 1990s. Due to the privatisation and transformation of co-ops farm structure has significantly changed. The transformation of the structure is not considered to be a completed process. Level of concentration and integration on private farms are rising, new co-operation forms are appearing and new types of enterprises and producers’ groups are being formed.Concentration and integration have great importance in the dairy sector among agricultural enterprises. In recent years, milk production in the European Union has been characterised by concentration, leading to greater competitiveness. Today, most dairy producers belong to different kinds of producers’ organisations as concentrated demand may only be competitive by meeting concentrated supply. In Hungary, the problems of production have been the fragmentation and decrease of the average farm size while, at the same time, concentration has occurred in the processing sector. Establishing producers’ groups may be one of the solutions for improving competitiveness production.

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The Taxation of Agriculture in the European Union Countries

Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego ◽

10.22630/prs.2018.18.4.107 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18(33) (4) ◽

pp. 162-174

Author(s):

Kinga Gruziel ◽

Małgorzata Raczkowska

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

The European Union ◽

Investment Expenditure ◽

Agricultural Enterprises ◽

Agricultural Income ◽

European Union Countries ◽

Tax Systems ◽

Agricultural Business ◽

Theoretical Foundations ◽

The Eu

The paper sets out the key principles for taxation of agriculture in selected European Union countries. The theoretical foundations of tax systems in the context of their functions and features specified as desirable in the literature are discussed. EU agricultural taxation systems are presented in reference to optimisation and tax competitiveness. Some shared features of these agricultural taxation systems were pointed out and their division in two basic models (the British model and the continental model), which was presented taking as example the countries in which these models operate. Taxation of income derived from agricultural business activity is a natural direction of changes in tax systems. The tax policy implemented in the European Union countries in relation to agriculture make use of the principle of tax justice to the highest possible extent. The diversity of the tax rules and structures applied in the EU makes it possible to tax agricultural income without limiting the development potential of agricultural enterprises (farms), and often stimulates them. The form of individual tax systems results from numerous economic, social and political circumstances. Special tax treatment of agriculture is expressed through tax construction elements, e.g. right to deduct the value of generated loss or investment expenditure from taxable income.

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The Impact of Changes in Accounting Regulations on Agricultural Entities and Their Business Accounts Since 2016

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201765020689 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 689-697 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Milena Otavová ◽

Jana Gláserová

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Financial Reporting ◽

Financial Accounting ◽

The European Union ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Agricultural Enterprises ◽

Accounting Principles ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact

Financial accounting in the European Union is harmonized through directives. In 2013 Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and the Council was issued. It aims to improve the performance of micro and small entities by reducing their administrative burden. The primary requirement of the Directive is to introduce entity size classification. The paper identifies the impact of the transposition of the Directive on the size distribution of agricultural enterprises in the V4 countries and some other countries of the European Union using data from the Amadeus database. In the Czech Republic obligations which are part of financial reporting are determined for agricultural enterprises and their impact on fundamental accounting principles is detected. The implementation of the Directive in the Czech Republic significantly influenced valuation, accounting for and specially reporting of inventories of a company’s own activity and capitalization, which are typical for agricultural enterprises. A comparison of the regulation effective until the end of 2015 with the new regulation showed the impact on the amount of profit and turnover, which are also quantified. The degree of harmonization with IAS/IFRS is also examined.

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