scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY WOOD COMPOSITE FABRICATED FROM RUBBERWOOD USING CITRIC ACID ESTERIFIED OIL PALM STARCH

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 551-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHD HAZIM MOHAMAD AMINI ◽  
◽  
HASHIM HASHIM ◽  
NURUL SYUHADA SULAIMAN ◽  
OTHMAN SULAIMAN SULAIMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Wood Composite

A STUDY OF SOLUTIONS TO PREVENT THE EROSION OF THE MOSS GROWING ON ARCHITECTURES OF HUE IMPERIAL CITADEL

2012 ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
Nhan Duc Nguyen ◽  
Cong Nho Luong ◽  
Hoang Vu Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Laboratory Result ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Funaria Hygrometrica ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Measurement And Evaluation ◽  
Scientific Name

Background: The erosion of mosses on the surface of Hue imperial citadel has caused a lot of harm and is currently an urgent problem to be solved. Objectives:1. Identifying some moss species growing on Hue relics. 2. Determining the cause of slipperiness and the living environment mosses. 3. Finding a solution to limit the intrusion of the mosses. Methods: The methods are: identifying scientific name by comparing patterns, identify mucus, pH measurement and evaluation of the effects of certain chemicals on the growth of mosses in the laboratory. Result: The moss species that develop popularly in Hue relics is Funaria hygrometrica, Bryum apiculatum, Trichostomum orthodontum, Fissidens lycopodioides. Funaria hygrometrica is the most popular moss. The cause of the slipperiness is mucus in moss cells released outside the moss after death. Mosses grow well in moist environments, clear and slightly acidic surface. After two days assessing the effect of citric acid 18%, 15%, 10% and 7% NaHCO3, 5%, 3% on the growth of moss, the mosses all died completely. Since then identified two types of chemicals have been found to completely dead moss, inexpensive, environmentally friendly and does not affect the surface of architectures are citric acid 10% solution and NaHCO3 3% solution. Keywords: The moss erosion, Funaria hygrometrica, mucus, citric acid, NaHCO3 Key words: The moss erosion, Funaria hygrometrica, mucus, citric acid, NaHCO 3

Improvement of production of citric acid from oil palm empty fruit bunches: Optimization of media by statistical experimental designs

2009 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 3113-3120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Niamul Bari ◽  
Md. Zahangir Alam ◽  
Suleyman A. Muyibi ◽  
Parveen Jamal ◽  
Abdullah-Al-Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

scholarly journals Development of Culture Inoculum for Scale-Up Production of Citric Acid from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches by Aspergillus niger

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 396-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Zahangir Alam ◽  
Md. Niamul Bari ◽  
Suleyman A. Muyibi ◽  
Parveen Jamal ◽  
Abdullah-Al-Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

scholarly journals Introduction of research on sustainable and environmentally friendly wood-based materials

Impact ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-75
Author(s):  
Kenji Umemura
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Simple Preparation ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Sustainable Materials

Wood-based materials are used for construction and furniture etc. The demand is expected to increase due to population growth and economic development. Wood-based materials are considered as sustainable material because wood is the main raw material. However, adhesives are indispensable when manufacturing those, and almost wood adhesives are made from chemicals derived from fossil resources. In recent years, breaking away from dependence on fossil resources has become an important global issue. One of the purposes of this work is to develop bio-based adhesives with simple preparation, low dependence of fossil resources and high adhesiveness. Novel bio-based adhesives using citric acid and/or sucrose are being researched. On the other hand, considering significant decrease of global forest area, alternative raw components for wood-based materials is desperately needed in the future. Un-utilized lignocellulosic biomass such as agricultural wastes would be promising for these. The utilization of agricultural wastes also contributes to carbon fixation of lignocellulosic biomass. Now, researchers at the Laboratory of Sustainable Materials are interested in developing new wood-based materials that combine agricultural wastes with bio-based adhesives. These efforts will make wood-based materials more sustainable and environmentally friendly.

scholarly journals Citric acid-modified starch as an environmentally friendly binder for wood composite making

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 4234-4248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Hazim Mohamad Amini ◽  
Rokiah Hashim ◽  
Nurul Syuhada Sulaiman ◽  
Mazlan Mohamed ◽  
Othman Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Modified Starch ◽  
Wood Composite ◽  
Wood Composites

Conventional formaldehyde-based wood binders for composites have been reported as hazardous to humans after prolonged exposure to released fumes. Therefore, this research was conducted to evaluate suitability of citric acid-modified corn starch as binder for wood composites. Corn starch was gelatinized before it was reacted with citric acid, mixed with wood particles, pre-pressed, and finally hot-pressed before characterization and evaluation. Through Fourier transform infrared analysis, ester groups were detected at 1736.8 cm-1, which was characteristic for starch modified with citric acid. Bending test results on citric acid modified corn starch wood composites showed 16.8 N/mm2 and 4020 N/mm2 for modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity, respectively. Addition of 2% urea-formaldehyde increased these numbers to 17.9 N/mm2 and 5190 N/mm2, respectively. Internal bonding additionally increased from 0.88 N/mm2 to 0.95 N/mm2. All test specimens passed mechanical strength requirements by JIS A 5908 (2003). Based on the demand specification for the final usage of the wood composite, it can be concluded that citric acid modified starch is a possible successful choice as the adhesive, with or without additional urea formaldehyde resin.

scholarly journals Nanostructured WO3 photoanodes for efficient water splitting via anodisation in citric acid

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (56) ◽  
pp. 35221-35227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jifang Zhang ◽  
Ivette Salles ◽  
Sam Pering ◽  
Petra J. Cameron ◽  
Davide Mattia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Splitting ◽  
First Time

We report the production of nanostructured WO3 photoanodes for solar water splitting produced via anodisation using for the first time citric acid, a safer and more environmentally friendly alternative to fluoride-based electrolytes.

Effect of Rice Husk Ash Silica as Cement Replacement for Making Construction Mortar

2018 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
pp. 624-629
Author(s):  
Kantapong Boontawee ◽  
Withit Pansuk ◽  
Luangvaranunt Tachai ◽  
Katsuyoshi Kondoh
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Carbon Residue ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
A Value ◽  
Treated Carbon

Rice husk ash (RHA) is used as a replacement to cement to produce mortar. The effect of 5, 10, and 15wt% addition to the density and compressive strength of mortar is investigated. It was found that with the increasing addition of RHA causes the decrease of compressive strength and density of mortars. Compressive strength of mortar drops with addition of RHA, from a value of 42 MPa of no RHA addition, to 24 MPa of 15wt% RHA addition. Reduction in compression strength may be due to the decrease in density, which arises from porous RHA. This is more dominant in mortar made from addition of RHA without prior acid treated. Carbon residue and impurity in RHA further reduce the compressive strength of mortar. In addition, this research validate the use of a more environmentally friendly citric acid for partially removal of oxide impurities prior to burning the rice husk.

Preparation and characterization of starch-based bioplastic composites with treated oil palm empty fruit bunch fibers and citric acid

Cellulose ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianlei Yang ◽  
Yern Chee Ching ◽  
Cheng Hock Chuah ◽  
Nguyen Dai Hai ◽  
Ramesh Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch

scholarly journals Characteristics of Environmentally Friendly Food Container Composite Made From Sorghum Bagasse and Citric Acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Ismadi Ismadi ◽  
Sukma Surya Kusumah ◽  
Subyakto Subyakto ◽  
Bambang Subiyanto ◽  
Lisman Suryanegara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Food Container ◽  
Sustainable Resources ◽  
Sorghum Bagasse ◽  
Local Species ◽  
The Common

The common food container product was made from plastic such as polypropylene, polystyrene, etc which has slowed to degrade hence affected to the environmental pollution and health disorder. Therefore, environmentally friendly food container composite is developed from sustainable resources such as sorghum bagasse and citric acid. The effects of sorghum species, sorghum particles and citric acid content on the composite properties were investigated. Local species of sorghum was used as raw material such as Super 2 in the manufacturing of food packaging.  The size and moisture content of the particles were passthrough on 40 mesh and 10%, respectively. The content of the particle was variated such as 10, 15, and 20% wt. Furthermore, citric acid was used as a binder with difference content such as 10, 20, and 30% wt.  Those raw materials were mixed with tapioca starch, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and glutaraldehyde. The mixing material was hot pressed at 180 ℃ for 15 minutes. The composite dimension was 12 cm x 10 cm x 3 mm. The physical and mechanical properties of the composite were carried out. Considering the properties of the composite, sorghum bagasse and citric acid are suitable as raw material of food container composite.

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