scholarly journals EFFECT OF RECYCLING OF ELEMENTAL CHLORINE FREE BLEACHING EFFLUENT TREATED BY ELECTROCOAGULATION ON PAPER PROPERTIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 809-819
Author(s):  
QASEEM HAIDER ◽  
DUSHYANT KUMAR ◽  
CHHAYA SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Elemental Chlorine ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
Ecf Bleaching

This study aimed to determine the effect of recycling elemental chlorine free (ECF) bleaching effluent (D0EpD1 and OD0EpD1) after treatment through electrocoagulation under optimum conditions on paper properties. The effect of pH, current density, time and dose of electrolyte on the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color was studied. Maximum decrease in COD and color was found under optimum conditions (i.e., pH 7, treatment time of 30 min, current density of 29.16 mA/cm2, and 1 g/L NaCl). Under these optimum conditions, the reduction in COD and color was of 79.9% and 99.10%, respectively. The reduction in the strength properties of paper, caused by recycling, was found to be insignificant, but a decline of 2.11% for D0EpD1 and of 1.43% for OD0EpD1 in brightness was found. Using the electrocoagulation method to treat the bleaching effluent can prove to have valuable potential towards wastewater utilization, pollution control, and sustainable development of the industry.

scholarly journals Batch Electrocoagulation Treatment of Peat Water in Sarawak with Galvanized Iron Electrodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 997 ◽  
pp. 127-138
Author(s):  
Nazzeri Abdul Rahman ◽  
Nur Afifah Tomiran ◽  
Aiman Hakim Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Iron Electrodes ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Standard Limit

Peat water is an abundant water resource in Sarawak where some of the coastal areas in Sarawak still utilize peat water for domestic usage. Peat water contains natural organic matters especially humic substances which include humic acids. Humic acids contribute to the brown color of peat water and can cause diseases such as stomach cancer, blackfoot disease and etc. if consumed by human. Electrocoagulation is an alternative to conventional water treatment methods which have the advantages of being environmental friendly, minimal sludge production and no addition of chemical substances. The aims of this study are to fabricate a desktop scale electrocoagulation system with galvanised iron electrodes and to investigate the effects of the operating parameters such as inter-electrode distance, applied current density, number of electrodes, and treatment time on peat water in the system. The performance of batch electrocoagulation system in term of their removal efficiency of several parameters such as total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), color and turbidity are evaluated. Through experimental tests conducted, this system successfully removes 98.44% of COD, 92.02% of TOC, 97.92% of turbidity and 99.91% of color by using galvanized iron as an electrode at current density of 25 A/m2in 30 minutes with 10 galvanized iron electrodes. Despite the fact that there is a small amount of iron ions and zinc ions remained in the treated peat water which are 0.001mg/l and 0.0442mg/l respectively, these concentrations are far below the standard limits imposed by Malaysia Ministry of Health (MOH). Generally, all the parameters studied meet the standard limit imposed by MOH except for total organic carbon. This is particularly due to the improper filtration system adopted in this study. The total operating costs for 252 in 30 minutes treatment time of 10 electrode plates is RM 8.75 per . Overall, the study have successfully designed a batch electrocoagulation system to treat peat water by using galvanized iron for domestic usage.

Experimental Study on Papermaking Wastewater by Advanced Electrochemical Oxidation Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 1699-1703
Author(s):  
Lin Lin Huang ◽  
Jun Feng Liu ◽  
Bin Sun ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Yong Qing Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Electrochemical Reactor ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Papermaking Wastewater

Papermaking wastewater effluent from a biological processing unit was treated by an advanced treatment method-electrochemical oxidation process. The experiments were carried out in an electrochemical reactor using RuO2\SnO2 coated on titanium as anode and stainless steel as cathode. The changes of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) reduction and other relative parameters have been determined as a function of treatment time and applied current density. The optimum reaction time and current density was 60min and 5mA/cm2, respectively. Results indicate that as an advanced treatment method, electrochemical oxidation can treat papermaking wastewater to achieve the standard of effluents effectively.

scholarly journals Chemical Oxygen Demand and Ammonia Nitrogen Mycoremediation from Domestic Wastewater Effluent using Ganoderma lucidum in a Batch System.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silambarasi Mooralitharan ◽  
Zarimah Hanafiah ◽  
Teh Sabariah Abd Manan ◽  
Hassimi Hasan ◽  
Henritte Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Optimum Conditions

Abstract The fungi-based technology, wild-Serbian Ganoderma lucidum (WSGL) as myco-alternative to existing conventional microbial-based wastewater treatment is introduced in this study as a potential alternative treatment. The mycoremediation is highly persistent for its capability to oxidatively breakdown pollutant substrates and widely researched for its medicinal properties. Utilizing the non-hazardous properties and high degradation performance of WSGL, this research aims to find optimum conditions and model the mycoremediation treatment design for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Ammonia Nitrogen (AN) removal in domestic wastewater via response surface methodology (RSM). Combined process variables were temperature (⁰C) (Model 1) and the volume of mycelial pellets (%) (Model 2) against treatment time (hour). Response variables for these two sets of central composite design (CCD) were the removal efficiencies of COD (%) and AN (%). The regression line fitted well with the data with R2 values of 0.9840 (Model 1-COD), 0.9477 (Model 1-AN), 0.9988 (Model 2-COD) and 0.9990 (Model 2-AN). The lack of fit test gives the highest value of Sum of Squares equal to 9494.91 (Model 1- COD), 9701.68 (Model 1-AN), 23786.55 (Model 2-COD) and 13357.02 (Model 2-AN), with probability F values less than 0.05 showing significant models. The optimum conditions were established corresponding to the percentage of COD and AN removal obtained were 95.1% and 96.3%, accordingly at the optimum temperature 25°C at the treatment time of 24 h, meanwhile 0.25% of mycelial pellet with 76.0% and 78.4% COD and AN removal, respectively. The high performance achieved demonstrates that the mycoremediation of G. lucidum is highly potential as part of the wastewater treatment system in treating domestic wastewater of high organic loadings.

scholarly journals Application of Doehlert design for optimization of the electroflotation method for the treatment of wastewater from poultry slaughtering and processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e11491210556
Author(s):  
Mariana Lopes Bastos ◽  
Joel Marques da Silva ◽  
Silvânio Silvério Lopes da Costa ◽  
Joel Alonso Palomino-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Doehlert Design ◽  
Density Treatment ◽  
Suitable Process

In this work, an electroflotation (EF) method for the treatment of poultry slaughterhouse effluent was proposed, and its efficiency in reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) was investigated. The following operating conditions were optimized through Doehlert design: [Al2(SO4)3], pH, treatment time, and current density. Treatment of the effluent was carried out in a reactor with TiO2–RuO2 (anode) and iron (cathode) electrodes. The optimum process conditions were obtained with a pH 9, current density of 60 A m–2, electrolysis time of 80 min, and [Al2(SO4)3] of 1.8 mg L–1. Under these operating conditions, turbidity, COD, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal efficiencies of 93.1%, 80.7%, and 89.7%, respectively, were obtained. The operating cost of the process was calculated at 0.9 USD per m³. The EF method combined with chemical coagulation was shown to be a suitable process for the treatment of effluent from the slaughter and processing of poultry.

Recombinant manganese peroxidase (rMnP) from Pichia pastoris. Part 2: Application in TCF and ECF bleaching

Holzforschung ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haowen Xu ◽  
Gary M. Scott ◽  
Fei Jiang ◽  
Christine Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Manganese Peroxidase ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Enzymatic Treatment ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Alkaline Peroxide ◽  
Elemental Chlorine ◽  
Ecf Bleaching

AbstractThe recombinant manganese peroxidase (rMnP) produced from the yeastPichia pastorishas been investigated in totally chlorine free (TCF) and elemental chlorine free (ECF) bleaching sequences for improving the bleachability of kraft pulps. In TCF bleaching, oxygen delignified hardwood kraft pulp was treated with rMnP, followed by a sequence combining a chelating and alkaline peroxide bleaching stage. The inclusion of the enzymatic treatment significantly improved the pulp brightness to a level that is difficult to obtain by chemical bleaching alone. Furthermore, the treatment with rMnP resulted in energy savings during pulp refining with PFI mill with a slight improvement in pulp strength properties such as tensile index and burst index. In ECF bleaching, a significant reduction in chlorine dioxide consumption was obtained. A three-stage rMnP treatment combined with alkaline extraction, followed by DED bleaching sequence for hardwood kraft pulp (HWKP) or DEDED bleaching sequence for softwood kraft pulp (SWKP), reduced the total effective chlorine by 41% and 32% for HWKP and SWKP, respectively, compared with the conventional bleaching sequences without enzymatic treatment. The strength properties of the enzyme-treated pulp were also slightly better than that of the control pulp. Further reductions in the consumption of total effective chlorine were obtained when a xylanase pretreatment was incorporated into the bleaching sequence before the repeated rMnP treatment.

scholarly journals ANODIC OXIDATION OF CEFACLOR ANTIBIOTIC IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION CONTAINING POTASSIUM CHLORIDE

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Complete Mineralization

<p>At this study, electrochemical oxidation of cefaclor antibiotic was investigated with new generation Sn/Sb/Ni-Ti anodes. Platinized titanium was used as cathode material. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) and cefaclor (CEF) active substance parameters were used to evaluate the process efficiency. Salt (KCl) addition (mg L-1), pH value, current density (mA cm-2) and reaction time (minute) were the factors controlling the reactions. Kinetic evaluations were performed during the application of electrochemical oxidation processes to obtain pseudo-first degree kinetics. 750 mg L-1 KCl, pH 7 and 50 mA cm-2 current density were found as the optimum conditions at room temperature (25 °C). Thus, ≤ % 99 removal efficiencies were found for COD and TOC parameters after 60 min reaction and complete mineralization of CEF was occured in just 30 min at the optimum conditions. Consequently, Sn/Sb/Ni-Ti anodes were found very useful and successful for cefaclor oxidation and mineralization. The advantages of the processes are, complete mineralization at shorter reaction time with low current densities and there is no need to pH arrangement.</p>

Effect of introducing ozone in elemental chlorine free bleaching of pulp on generation of chlorophenolic compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-568
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar Tripathi ◽  
Nishi Kant Bhardwaj ◽  
Himadri Roy Ghatak
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Elemental Chlorine ◽  
Wheat Straw Pulp ◽  
Pulp Properties ◽  
Organic Halogens ◽  
Ecf Bleaching ◽  
Adsorbable Organic Halogens

AbstractEffect of using ozone before elemental chlorine free (ECF) bleaching of oxygen delignified wheat straw pulp produced following soda-anthraquinone pulping on bleaching effluent and pulp properties was studied. The effluent generated during bleaching of pulp contains high amount of adsorbable organic halogens (AOX), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and highly toxic chlorophenolic compounds. This study is aimed to utilise green chemistry approach during bleaching of one of the abundantly used agro residue wheat straw for improving the quality of bleaching effluent and pulp properties. Introducing ozone stage before ECF bleaching resulted in significant reduction of chloriphenolic compounds like chlorocatechols by 48.9 %, chloroguaiacols by 33.3 %, chlorovanillins by 28.4 % and chlorophenols by 26.7 % in the effluent compared to those of control. Incorporation of ozone before ECF bleaching BOD, COD, AOX and colour were reduced by 40.0 %, 41.1 %, 46.7 % and 57.8 %, respectively, as compared to control. Optical properties like brightness and whiteness of the pulp bleached using ozone were also improved by 2.5 units and 4.0 units, respectively as compared to that with control.

scholarly journals Optimization of guava juice wastewater electrochemical treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e41910212474
Author(s):  
Gilmar dos Santos ◽  
Joel Marques da Silva ◽  
Javier Alonso Villegas-Aragón ◽  
Silvanio Silvério Lopes da Costa ◽  
Joel Alonso Palomino-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Electrochemical Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Electrochemical Processes ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Consumption Rates

Wastewater from guava juice production was treated by two electrochemical processes: Electroflotation (EF) and Electrocoagulation (EC). Using Box-Behnken experimental design, these processes were optimized in order to find the values of treatment time, initial pH and current density that lead to the maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies. Aluminum electrodes were used in EC treatment and an iron cathode and a ruthenium dioxide / titanium dioxide anode were applied in EF treatment. EC treatment resulted in maximum COD removal of 60%, when treating the wastewater for 40 minutes, with initial pH 4.5 and current density of 35 A/m2. On the other hand, EF only removed 25% of the wastewater COD (treatment time 40 minutes, initial pH 7.0 and current density 45 A/m2). Aluminum sulfate addition improved the wastewater conductivity, lowering electricity consumption rates. Moreover, the treatment combining EF and this chemical coagulant lead to better results than the ones found when using EF alone.

scholarly journals Treatment of sugar industry effluent using an electrocoagulation process: Process optimization using the response surface methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. 1357-1369
Author(s):  
Shreyas Gondudey ◽  
Chaudhari Kumar ◽  
Sandeep Dharmadhikari ◽  
Thakur Singh
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Industry Effluent

Wastewater of sugar industries has a high pollutant load due to the presence of organic and inorganic materials. Discharge of untreated or partially treated wastewater has a negative effect on the environment and on the life of humans, plants and animals. In our present studies, it was attempted to treat sugar industry effluent (SIE) by an electrocoagulation process (ECP) using mild steel (MS) as the electrode material. For this purpose, three process parameters, namely pH (5?9), current density (j = 34.7?104 A m-2) and treatment time (tR = 20?100 min), were selected to optimize the process using the response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum conditions were pH 6.66, j = = 104 A m-2 and tR = 100 min. The maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 75.98 % was achieved under the optimum conditions. The predicted model by RSM showed R2 = 0.9515. After treatment of the effluent, the sludge content in the treated water was separated effectively by filtration and settling.

scholarly journals Wastewater treatment from the biodiesel production using waste cooking oil by electrocoagulation: a multivariate approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (12) ◽  
pp. 2366-2377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanife Sari-Erkan
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Abstract This study mainly focuses on the process of electrocoagulation (EC) for the wastewater treatment from biodiesel production using waste cooking oil. The effects of current density, initial pH and electrolysis time on the EC process using aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) electrodes were investigated for removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD). The COD removal efficiencies were found to be 62.7% and 63.4% at optimum conditions for Al (current density: 43 mA/cm2, pH: 5, time: 21 min) and Fe (current density: 47 mA/cm2, pH: 7.7, time: 30 min) electrodes, respectively. At these optimum conditions, the removal efficiencies of oil & grease, total phosphorus (TP), orthophosphate (PO4-P) and total suspended solids (TSS) were determined respectively to be above 89.9%, 98.9%, 99.5%, 86.7% for Al electrodes and 90.8%, 98.5%, 97.6%, 89.6% for Fe electrodes. Total operating costs were also found to be 6.43 €/m3 and 7.01 €/m3 for Al and Fe electrodes, respectively. The results indicate that the EC process using both types of electrodes seems to ensure an efficient treatment of biodiesel wastewater in terms of oil & grease and TP.

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