scholarly journals Application of Doehlert design for optimization of the electroflotation method for the treatment of wastewater from poultry slaughtering and processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e11491210556
Author(s):  
Mariana Lopes Bastos ◽  
Joel Marques da Silva ◽  
Silvânio Silvério Lopes da Costa ◽  
Joel Alonso Palomino-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Doehlert Design ◽  
Density Treatment ◽  
Suitable Process

In this work, an electroflotation (EF) method for the treatment of poultry slaughterhouse effluent was proposed, and its efficiency in reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) was investigated. The following operating conditions were optimized through Doehlert design: [Al2(SO4)3], pH, treatment time, and current density. Treatment of the effluent was carried out in a reactor with TiO2–RuO2 (anode) and iron (cathode) electrodes. The optimum process conditions were obtained with a pH 9, current density of 60 A m–2, electrolysis time of 80 min, and [Al2(SO4)3] of 1.8 mg L–1. Under these operating conditions, turbidity, COD, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal efficiencies of 93.1%, 80.7%, and 89.7%, respectively, were obtained. The operating cost of the process was calculated at 0.9 USD per m³. The EF method combined with chemical coagulation was shown to be a suitable process for the treatment of effluent from the slaughter and processing of poultry.

Treatment of dairy wastewaters by electrocoagulation using iron electrodesTraitement des eaux résiduaires d'une laiterie par électrocoagulation avec des électrodes de fer

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malika Aoudjehane ◽  
Mohamed Elghazali Benatallah
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Electrolysis Time ◽  
Electrode Consumption ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Consumption Energy ◽  
Optimal Efficiency

A procedure of electrocoagulation (EC) using iron electrodes has been used for the treatment of the wastewaters produced by the Beni-Tamou dairy in Algeria. The effect of the operating conditions, such as the current intensity, the electrolysis time, the pH of the solution and the electrical conductivity, on the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the total suspended solids (TSS) has been studied. An inter-electrode distance of 1 cm has been maintained constant during the tests. It has been found that an increase in electrolysis time and current density improved the treatment significantly, albeit with a greater consumption of energy as well as an increased electrode consumption. The results of the electrocoagulation treatment under various operating conditions show that the optimal efficiency has been obtained under the following conditions: 60 minutes of electrolysis, a current density of 200 A/m2, a pH 8, an electrical conductivity of 4.72 mS/cm and a consumption energy of 13.57 kWh/m3. Under these conditions, the removal efficiency for the COD and TSS parameters is 93.26 and 99.3%, respectively. The optimal treatment conditions of dairy wastewaters have resulted in final COD and TSS concentrations of 41.5 and 27 mg/L, respectively, values that are conform to industrial liquid effluents discharge norms.

scholarly journals Batch Electrocoagulation Treatment of Peat Water in Sarawak with Galvanized Iron Electrodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 997 ◽  
pp. 127-138
Author(s):  
Nazzeri Abdul Rahman ◽  
Nur Afifah Tomiran ◽  
Aiman Hakim Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Iron Electrodes ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Standard Limit

Peat water is an abundant water resource in Sarawak where some of the coastal areas in Sarawak still utilize peat water for domestic usage. Peat water contains natural organic matters especially humic substances which include humic acids. Humic acids contribute to the brown color of peat water and can cause diseases such as stomach cancer, blackfoot disease and etc. if consumed by human. Electrocoagulation is an alternative to conventional water treatment methods which have the advantages of being environmental friendly, minimal sludge production and no addition of chemical substances. The aims of this study are to fabricate a desktop scale electrocoagulation system with galvanised iron electrodes and to investigate the effects of the operating parameters such as inter-electrode distance, applied current density, number of electrodes, and treatment time on peat water in the system. The performance of batch electrocoagulation system in term of their removal efficiency of several parameters such as total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), color and turbidity are evaluated. Through experimental tests conducted, this system successfully removes 98.44% of COD, 92.02% of TOC, 97.92% of turbidity and 99.91% of color by using galvanized iron as an electrode at current density of 25 A/m2in 30 minutes with 10 galvanized iron electrodes. Despite the fact that there is a small amount of iron ions and zinc ions remained in the treated peat water which are 0.001mg/l and 0.0442mg/l respectively, these concentrations are far below the standard limits imposed by Malaysia Ministry of Health (MOH). Generally, all the parameters studied meet the standard limit imposed by MOH except for total organic carbon. This is particularly due to the improper filtration system adopted in this study. The total operating costs for 252 in 30 minutes treatment time of 10 electrode plates is RM 8.75 per . Overall, the study have successfully designed a batch electrocoagulation system to treat peat water by using galvanized iron for domestic usage.

Treatment of leachate from municipal solid waste of Mostaganem district in Algeria: Decision support for advising a process treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Bourechech ◽  
F Abdelmalek ◽  
MR Ghezzar ◽  
A Addou
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fenton Process ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
The One ◽  
Suitable Process

The aim of this work is to propose a plan for the choice of a suitable process for the treatment of a young leachate from municipal solid waste. Classical processes were applied: Fenton process, the coupling coagulation-Fenton process and the adsorption on powdered activated carbon (PAC). The study involves synthesised leachates from three types of wastes collected from sanitary landfill (SL): leachate of putrescible fraction (Lp), paper-cardboard (Lpc), sawdust (Ls) and the one of landfill (Lsl). The optimal operating conditions have been determined for the three processes: Fenton: [H2O2] = 6.8 g L-1 and [Fe2+] = 2.8 g L-1, coagulation: [Fe3+] = 0.3 g L-1 and adsorption: [PAC] = 60 g L-1. The three processes gave reduction rates of chemical oxygen demand ranging from 50% to 85% for Lp, 87% to 97% for Lpc and 61% to 87% for Ls. Whereas for Lsl, it was of 45%, 56% and 80% for the Fenton, coagulation-Fenton and adsorption processes, respectively. A modelling study was conducted to calculate the chemical oxygen demand of leachate produced during 25 years for different thicknesses of waste. This predicted value is used to advise for the process treatment to apply and to assess the environmental impacts in the long term.

Experimental Study on Papermaking Wastewater by Advanced Electrochemical Oxidation Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 1699-1703
Author(s):  
Lin Lin Huang ◽  
Jun Feng Liu ◽  
Bin Sun ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Yong Qing Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Electrochemical Reactor ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Papermaking Wastewater

Papermaking wastewater effluent from a biological processing unit was treated by an advanced treatment method-electrochemical oxidation process. The experiments were carried out in an electrochemical reactor using RuO2\SnO2 coated on titanium as anode and stainless steel as cathode. The changes of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) reduction and other relative parameters have been determined as a function of treatment time and applied current density. The optimum reaction time and current density was 60min and 5mA/cm2, respectively. Results indicate that as an advanced treatment method, electrochemical oxidation can treat papermaking wastewater to achieve the standard of effluents effectively.

Optimization of Continuously Stirred Tank Bioreactor Design for Cost Minimization: Effect of Microbial Species and Operating Conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin E Powell ◽  
Gordon A Hill
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Stirred Tank Bioreactor ◽  
Microbial Species

The operation of continuously stirred tank bioreactors (CSTBs) at minimum cost is a major concern of operators. In this work, a CSTB design strategy is presented where impeller stirring speed and aeration rate are optimized to meet the oxygen demand of growing cells, simultaneously minimizing the capital and operating cost. The operating cost is limited to the cost of utilities. The optimization scheme assumes a given fermentor tank size, and that the properties of the culture medium and the oxygen respiratory requirements of the microorganisms being cultivated are known. It is possible to choose between two different turbine impellers during the design process. The equations, constraints, and the CSTB design strategy employed by the program are described. The effect of microbial species, ions in the culture medium, impeller style, as well as changing CSTB size and biomass input density on the optimum operating conditions, is examined. The mass transfer coefficient, gas holdup, mixing speed, and aeration rate are all reported at optimized cost conditions. A study of the effects of various parameters on the CSTB design are shown.

Treatment of nanosized TiO2-containing wastewater by simultaneous electrocoagulation/electrofiltration

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C.C. Yang ◽  
C.C. Chuang
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Crossflow Velocity ◽  
Nanosized Tio2

In this work, a simultaneous electrocoagulation/electrofiltration (EC/EF) treatment module was employed to treat nanosized TiO2-containing wastewater. Nanosized TiO2-containing wastewater was obtained and treated by a self-designed EC/EF treatment module. To evaluate the performance of this novel treatment module, the effects of electric field strength (EFS), transmembrane pressure (TMP), and crossflow velocity (CV) on permeate qualities were investigated. Permeate qualities of concern included pH, turbidity, conductivity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC). A full factorial design of experiments was adopted in this work. First, by keeping TMP and CV constant the effects of EFS on permeate qualities were studied. In this set of testing, it was noticed that an application of electric field greatly increased the filtration rate, which was further influenced by the magnitude of EFS. In all cases, the filtration rate decreased as the treatment time elapsed due mainly to fouling of the membrane. Further tests were conducted to study the effects of TMP on permeate qualities by keeping EFS and CV constant. Finally, the effects of CV on permeate qualities were studied by keeping EFS and TMP constant. It was found that the optimal operating conditions would be electric field strength of 166.7V/cm, transmembrane pressure of 1kgf/cm2, and crossflow velocity of 0.22cm/s. Under such conditions, permeate would have the following qualities: (1) pH, 6.32; (2) turbidity, 2.41NTU; (3) conductivity, 15.11μS/cm; (4) COD, 100.0mg/L; and (5) TOC, 512.6mg/L.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Three-Dimensional Microstructure Copper Electroforming Based on 3D Printing Technology

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 887
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Wu ◽  
Shuangqing Qian ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Hongbei Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printing Technology

In order to fabricate three-dimensional metal microstructures, a combined machining process based on 3D printing technology and electroforming technology is proposed. Firstly, a substrate with microstructures is fabricated by 3D printing technology, and then the microstructures were fabricated by electroforming technology. The influence of process parameters such as current density, distance between electrodes and pulse current duty cycle on the electroformed layer were studied and analyzed. It was determined that the peak current density 6A/dm2, the void ratio 20%, and the distance between electrodes 40 mm were the optimum process conditions of electroforming experiment. The electroforming experiments of different microstructures were carried out with the optimum process parameters.

scholarly journals COD removal from leachate by electrocoagulation process: treatment with monopolar electrodes in parallel connection

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehtap Tanyol ◽  
Aysenur Ogedey ◽  
Ensar Oguz
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Iron Electrode ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Electrode Distance ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Monopolar Electrodes

Abstract This study examines the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from landfill leachate generated from the municipal landfill site of Bingol, Turkey. The effect of parameters such as current density, pH, and inter-electrode distance during the electrocoagulation (EC) process on COD removal of the process was investigated. Moreover, for COD removal, the energy consumption and operating costs were calculated for iron electrode under the EC conditions. COD removal efficiency was 72.13% at the current density of 16 mA m−2, pH of 8.05, and the inter-electrode distance of 9 mm at the detention time of 60 min with iron electrode and the COD concentration was reduced from 6,100 mg L−1 to 1,700 mg L−1 by EC. The highest value of the electrical energy and electrode consumptions per kg of COD in the optimum conditions were determined as 0.055 kWh kg−1 COD and 3.43 kg kg−1 COD and the highest operating cost value was found to be 1.41 US$ kg−1 COD for 0–60 min time intervals.

scholarly journals Combined electrocoagulation and electro-oxidation of industrial textile wastewater treatment in a continuous multi-stage reactor

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 2515-2525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edison GilPavas ◽  
Paula Arbeláez-Castaño ◽  
José Medina ◽  
Diego A. Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Design Of Experiment ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Electro Oxidation ◽  
Textile Wastewater Treatment

Abstract A combined electrocoagulation (EC) and electrochemical oxidation (EO) industrial textile wastewater treatment potential is evaluated in this work. A fractional factorial design of experiment showed that EC current density, followed by pH, were the most significant factors. Conductivity and number of electrooxidation cells did not affect chemical oxygen demand degradation (DCOD). Aluminum and iron anodes performed similarly as sacrificial anodes. Current density, pH and conductivity were chosen for a Box–Behnken design of experiment to determine optimal conditions to achieve a high DCOD minimizing operating cost (OC). The optimum to achieve a 70% DCOD with an OC of USD 1.47/m3 was: pH of 4, a conductivity of 3.7 mS/cm and a current density of 4.1 mA/cm2. This study also shows the applicability of a combined EC/EO treatment process of a real complex industrial wastewater.

scholarly journals ASPECTS REGARDING THE ELECTROCOAGULATION APPLICATIONS IN THE WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
AIDA DERMOUCHI ◽  
BENCHEIKH-LEHOCINE MOSSAAB ◽  
SIHEM ARRIS ◽  
VALENTIN NEDEFF ◽  
NARCIS BARSAN
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Dc Current ◽  
Density Treatment

Electrocoagulation (EC) has been known for over a century. Applications in industry as water and wastewater treatment processes were adapted for the removal of suspended solids, organic compounds, COD (Chemical oxygen demand), BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), metallic and non-metallic pollution. The main advantage in EC technology is the fact that it works without the addition of chemical products. The DC current between metallic electrodes immersed in the effluent is used as an energy source for this technique, which causes their dissolution. The effect of the main parameters, current density, treatment time, initial pH, temperature, electrode materials, conductivity and distance between the electrodes were investigated. According to the conclusion of the works published in recent years, the removal efficiencies of pollutants materials by EC process are very important.

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