On-chip light scattering imaging of the guanine platelet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakazu Iwasaka
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Image Sensor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cover Glass ◽  
Bar Code ◽  
Electromagnetic Simulations ◽  
Narrow Space ◽  
On Chip

Abstract A guanine platelet is a very thin optical component that plays a role in light reflection control in the narrow space within the body of a fish. However, the details of this light control mechanism have not been revealed to date. In this work, guanine micro-platelets floating in water are visualized via light projection near an image sensor. These guanine platelets demonstrate light scattering toward specific directions. By setting a thin water layer on top of the image sensor’s cover glass, each platelet in the water layer forms column- or bar-code-shaped images on the screen. The existence of nanohole gratings in these platelets was confirmed by high-resolution optical microscopy. Numerical electromagnetic simulations indicated that the nanohole gratings contributed to the formation of unique light projection spots.

scholarly journals On-chip light diffraction imaging of nano structures in the guanine platelet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakazu Iwasaka
Keyword(s):  
Water Layer ◽  
Image Sensor ◽  
Light Diffraction ◽  
Cover Glass ◽  
Bar Code ◽  
Projected Image ◽  
Nano Structures ◽  
Diffraction Imaging ◽  
Scale Spaces ◽  
On Chip

Light projection over short distances can minimize the size of photonic devices, e.g., head-mounted displays and lens-free microscopes. Small lenses or light condensers without typical lenses are essential for light control in micron-scale spaces. In this work, micro-platelets floating in water are used for light projection near the image sensor. These platelets, which are made from guanine, have nanohole gratings and demonstrate light diffraction toward specific directions. By setting a thin water layer on the image sensor's cover glass, each platelet in water forms column- or bar-code-shaped images on the screen. The projected image shapes and colors are inferred to contain information about nano-structures present in the guanine platelet. The proposed down-sized imaging technique can realize extremely compact and portable imagers for nanoscale object detection.

Gut microbiome a promising target for management of respiratory diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (14) ◽  
pp. 2679-2696
Author(s):  
Riddhi Trivedi ◽  
Kalyani Barve
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Intestinal Microbial Flora ◽  
On Chip

The intestinal microbial flora has risen to be one of the important etiological factors in the development of diseases like colorectal cancer, obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, anxiety and Parkinson's. The emergence of the association between bacterial flora and lungs led to the discovery of the gut–lung axis. Dysbiosis of several species of colonic bacteria such as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and transfer of these bacteria from gut to lungs via lymphatic and systemic circulation are associated with several respiratory diseases such as lung cancer, asthma, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, etc. Current therapies for dysbiosis include use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics to restore the balance between various species of beneficial bacteria. Various approaches like nanotechnology and microencapsulation have been explored to increase the permeability and viability of probiotics in the body. The need of the day is comprehensive study of mechanisms behind dysbiosis, translocation of microbiota from gut to lung through various channels and new technology for evaluating treatment to correct this dysbiosis which in turn can be used to manage various respiratory diseases. Microfluidics and organ on chip model are emerging technologies that can satisfy these needs. This review gives an overview of colonic commensals in lung pathology and novel systems that help in alleviating symptoms of lung diseases. We have also hypothesized new models to help in understanding bacterial pathways involved in the gut–lung axis as well as act as a futuristic approach in finding treatment of respiratory diseases caused by dysbiosis.

On-chip classification of micro-particles using laser light scattering and machine learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubashir Hussain ◽  
Xiaolong Liu ◽  
Jun Zou ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Zeeshan Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Laser Light Scattering ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
On Chip

Characteristics of Immersion Sampling Technique in Confocal Raman Depth Profiling

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 776-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vyörykkä ◽  
M. Halttunen ◽  
H. Iitti ◽  
J. Tenhunen ◽  
T. Vuorinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Depth Profiling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Depth Resolution ◽  
Cover Glass ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Fluid Layers ◽  
Immersion Technique ◽  
Confocal Raman ◽  
Measurement Depth

The confocal Raman technique is widely used for the depth profiling of thin transparent polymer films. Reported depth resolutions are on the order of two micrometers. The depth resolution is worsened and the actual measurement depth is changed by the use of metallurgical “dry” objectives. Also, if the sample is strongly light scattering, the measurement depth is reduced drastically. In this work, we demonstrate how these problems can be circumvented by using an immersion technique in confocal Raman depth profiling. In the method, two different immersion fluid layers and a cover glass, which separates the two fluid layers, are used. This configuration allows the fluid that is in contact with the sample to be selected with respect to the requirements dictated by the refractive index of the sample, sample–immersion fluid interaction, Raman spectra overlapping, or fluorescence quenching properties. The use of the immersion technique results in major improvements in the depth resolution and in the depth profiling capability of the confocal Raman technique when applied to strongly light scattering materials.

scholarly journals Microfluidic-based imaging of complete C. elegans larval development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Berger ◽  
Silvan Spiri ◽  
Andrew deMello ◽  
Alex Hajnal
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Method ◽  
Cover Glass ◽  
Vulval Development ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Seam Cell ◽  
Time Observation ◽  
On Chip ◽  
First Time

Several microfluidic-based methods for long-term C. elegans imaging have been introduced in recent years, allowing real-time observation of previously inaccessible processes. The ex-isting methods either permit imaging across multiple larval stages without maintaining a stable worm orientation, or allow for very good immobilization but are only suitable for shorter experiments. Here, we present a novel microfluidic imaging method, which allows parallel live-imaging across multiple larval stages, while delivering excellent immobilization and maintaining worm orientation and identity over time. This is achieved by employing an array of microfluidic trap channels carefully tuned to maintain worms in a stable orienta-tion, while allowing growth and molting to occur. Immobilization is supported by an active hydraulic valve, which presses worms onto the cover glass during image acquisition, with the animals remaining free for most of an experiment. Excellent quality images can be ac-quired of multiple worms in parallel, with little impact of the imaging method on worm via-bility or developmental timing. The capabilities of this methodology are demonstrated by observing the hypodermal seam cell divisions and, for the first time, the entire process of vulval development from induction to the end of morphogenesis. Moreover, we demonstrate RNAi on-chip, which allows for perturbation of dynamic developmental processes, such as basement membrane breaching during anchor cell invasion.

Deep-learning on-chip light-sheet microscopy enabling video-rate volumetric imaging of dynamic biological specimens

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaopeng Chen ◽  
Junyu Ping ◽  
Yixuan Sun ◽  
Chengqiang Yi ◽  
Sijian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Volumetric Imaging ◽  
Light Sheet Microscopy ◽  
High Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
On Chip

Volumetric imaging of dynamic signals in a large, moving, and light-scattering specimen is extremely challenging, owing to the requirement on high spatiotemporal resolution and difficulty in obtaining high-contrast signals. Here...

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