BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN TRANSFORMATION IN AGROCENOSES OF POTATO AND PRODUCTIVITY OF CULTURE IN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE

Agriciltural microbiology ◽

10.35868/1997-3004.24.3-8 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 3-8

Author(s):

V. V. Volkohon ◽

S. B. Dimova ◽

K. I. Volkohon ◽

V. P. Horban ◽

M. A. Zhurba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Green Manure ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Significant Loss ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Gaseous Nitrogen ◽

Potato Plants ◽

Biological Nitrogen ◽

Productivity Gains

The effect of organic fertilizers (cattle manure and lupine green manure), as well asmicrobial preparation Biohran on the dynamics of the activity process of nitrogen fixation andN2O emissions in the rhizosphere soil of potato plants, crop yield, and product quality have beeninvestigated. The use of manures stimulates activity of nitrogen fixation, but at the same time,accompanied by a significant loss of gaseous nitrogen compounds. The efficiency of Biohran bythis agrobackground is largely levelled. Lupine green manure stimulates nitrogenase activity,especially in combination with biopreparation. At the same time, there is a tendency to reducenitrous oxide emission. Organic fertilizers contributed to a reliable raise of potato yield. Biohranprovide productivity gains only on the background of green manure. Microbial preparationcontributed to the improvement of quality of production parameters by all studiedagrobackgrounds.

Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Denitrification in Rhizosphere of Potato Plants in Response to the Fertilization and Inoculation

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems ◽

10.3389/fsufs.2021.606379 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Author(s):

Vitaliy V. Volkogon ◽

Svitlana B. Dimova ◽

Kateryna I. Volkogon ◽

Vasyl P. Sidorenko ◽

Mykola V. Volkogon

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Green Manure ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Potato Plants ◽

Nitrogen Fixation Activity ◽

Fixation Activity ◽

Fertilizer Rates

The study aim was to evaluate the potential nitrogen fixation and denitrification in the rhizosphere soil of potato plants, crop yield and output quality in response to the different fertilization systems and the inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense 410. Field stationary experiment was conducted between 2016 and 2019 with potato in a crop rotation system on leached chernozem soil. Farmyard manure, 40 t/ha, applied prior to potatoes planting promotes nitrogen fixation (0.8–2.0 times compared to control). However, it has also affected denitrification (in 1.4–2.2 times higher compared to control). The lowest rate of mineral fertilizers used in the experiment, N40P40K40, was shown as most environmentally feasible. Under its use the increase of soil nitrogenase activity and low denitrification levels were observed. Same trends were also noted for the medium fertilizer rate, N80P80K80. The highest doses of mineral fertilizers, N120P120K120, substantially affected the denitrification process and reduced the nitrogen fixation activity (in 1.9–2.2 times). The combination of manure with the medium fertilizers rate has also resulted in high denitrification levels, while the soil nitrogen fixation activity has restored only at flowering stage. Crop inoculation with A. brasilense combined with the manure application, has not affected studied processes. However, crop inoculation after the green manure intercropping has shown the growth of nitrogenase activity. Used on the mineral fertilizers background inoculation has activated nitrogen fixation and has ensured the decrease of denitrification levels, subject to the fertilization background. High fertilizer rates have hampered the inoculation efficiency. Inoculation has promoted crop yields on unfertilized and mineral backgrounds or following green manure. Crop inoculation following organic and the organo-mineral backgrounds had no significant effect, probably due to the competition for A. brasilense from microorganisms that have created a competitive environment for A. brasilense. Despite its environmental expediency, inoculation combined with the low fertilizer doses underperforms the action of inoculation combined with the medium fertilizer rates showing the latter as the compromise between the environmental requirements and crop productivity. The use of inoculation has promoted the accumulation of starch and ascorbic acid and has contributed to the reduction of nitrate contents in the tubers of inoculated plants.

Potential of Rhizobium sullae–Sulla coronaria Symbiotic Biological Nitrogen Fixation to Supplement Synthetic Mineral Nitrogen in Olive Tree Fertilization

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10020270 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 270

Author(s):

Biagi Angelo Zullo ◽

Gino Ciafardini

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Green Manure ◽

Organic Nitrogen ◽

Indigenous Population ◽

Olive Tree ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Nodule Formation ◽

Biological Nitrogen ◽

Sulla Coronaria

The aim of the present work is to compare olive tree nitrogen fertilization over two years of trials, using synthetic chemical fertilizers along with organic fertilizers composed of the green manure of sulla (Sulla coronaria) inoculated with the symbiont Rhizobium sullae or left uninoculated. The tests indicated that symbiotic nitrogen fixation promoted by the sulla–R. sullae symbiosis represents an important source of nitrogen that can replace or supplement synthetic nitrogen fertilizers for olive tree cultivation when sulla is inoculated with R. sullae in a soil already populated by the symbiont. Integration of the indigenous population of R. sullae via sulla inoculation with a selected strain yielded nodule formation in 100% of plants and produced a sufficient amount of biomass rich in nitrogen with a low C/N ratio. On the contrary, olive tree fertilization using the green manure of sulla that was not inoculated with the symbiont supplied significantly less organic nitrogen in 2017 and 2018, respectively, compared to the control. Optimal management of the multi-factorial approaches involved in green manure olive fertilization are also reported.

Potential of Phototrophic Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria to Fix Nitrogen in Rice Fields

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms10010028 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Isamu Maeda

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Regulatory Networks ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Field Studies ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria ◽

Available Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogenase Activities ◽

Plant Available Nitrogen ◽

Biological Nitrogen

Biological nitrogen fixation catalyzed by Mo-nitrogenase of symbiotic diazotrophs has attracted interest because its potential to supply plant-available nitrogen offers an alternative way of using chemical fertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Phototrophic purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB) diazotrophically grow under light anaerobic conditions and can be isolated from photic and microaerobic zones of rice fields. Therefore, PNSB as asymbiotic diazotrophs contribute to nitrogen fixation in rice fields. An attempt to measure nitrogen in the oxidized surface layer of paddy soil estimates that approximately 6–8 kg N/ha/year might be accumulated by phototrophic microorganisms. Species of PNSB possess one of or both alternative nitrogenases, V-nitrogenase and Fe-nitrogenase, which are found in asymbiotic diazotrophs, in addition to Mo-nitrogenase. The regulatory networks control nitrogenase activity in response to ammonium, molecular oxygen, and light irradiation. Laboratory and field studies have revealed effectiveness of PNSB inoculation to rice cultures on increases of nitrogen gain, plant growth, and/or grain yield. In this review, properties of the nitrogenase isozymes and regulation of nitrogenase activities in PNSB are described, and research challenges and potential of PNSB inoculation to rice cultures are discussed from a viewpoint of their applications as nitrogen biofertilizer.

Evaluation of Biological Nitrogen Fixation Capacity in Arachis Species and the Possible Role of Polyploidy1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-21-1-13 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 55-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

H. T. Stalker ◽

M. L. Nickum ◽

J. C. Wynne ◽

G. H. Elkan ◽

T. J. Schneeweis

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Diploid Species ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Arachis Species ◽

Fixation Capacity ◽

Biological Nitrogen

Abstract Arachis species have potential for enhancing cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm as forages and cover crops. This study's objective was to evaluate a range of Arachis species for biological nitrogen fixation capacity. Several Arachis species are tetraploids, and it has been shown that tetraploidy may play an important role in nodule initiation. Species were first tested under natural field conditions and then in the greenhouse using three Bradyrhizobium strains that had been previously shown to be effective on peanut. Nodule number, nodule weight, nitrogenase activity determined by acetylene reduction, and shoot dry weight were measured as indicators of nitrogen fixation capacity. In the field, tetraploid species produced significantly more nodules than the diploids, but total dry matter accumulation was independent of the number of nodules or rate of fixation. In the greenhouse, no significant differences were observed among the bradyrhizobial strains. Arachis hypogaea and A. monticola showed significantly higher measures of nitrogen fixation capacity for all measured traits than the diploid species. However, autotetraploid plants of A. villosa did not have significantly more nodules than diploids of the same accession; the autotetraploids consistently had higher nitrogenase activity. Arachis pusilla never formed a symbiotic relationship with the bradyrhizobial strains used.

Direct Raman Spectroscopic Measurements of Biological Nitrogen Fixation under Natural Conditions: An Analytical Approach for Studying Nitrogenase Activity

Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03101 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 89 (2) ◽

pp. 1117-1122 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Tobias Jochum ◽

Agnes Fastnacht ◽

Susan E. Trumbore ◽

Jürgen Popp ◽

Torsten Frosch

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Analytical Approach ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

Spectroscopic Measurements ◽

Raman Spectroscopic ◽

Biological Nitrogen

Proteome Profiling of the Rhodobacter capsulatus Molybdenum Response Reveals a Role of IscN in Nitrogen Fixation by Fe-Nitrogenase

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.00750-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 198 (4) ◽

pp. 633-643 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Marie-Christine Hoffmann ◽

Eva Wagner ◽

Sina Langklotz ◽

Yvonne Pfänder ◽

Sina Hött ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Rhodobacter Capsulatus ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Central Process ◽

Content Type ◽

Proteome Profiling ◽

Biological Nitrogen ◽

Diazotrophic Growth

ABSTRACTRhodobacter capsulatusis capable of synthesizing two nitrogenases, a molybdenum-dependent nitrogenase and an alternative Mo-free iron-only nitrogenase, enabling this diazotroph to grow with molecular dinitrogen (N2) as the sole nitrogen source. Here, the Mo responses of the wild type and of a mutant lacking ModABC, the high-affinity molybdate transporter, were examined by proteome profiling, Western analysis, epitope tagging, andlacZreporter fusions. Many Mo-controlled proteins identified in this study have documented or presumed roles in nitrogen fixation, demonstrating the relevance of Mo control in this highly ATP-demanding process. The levels of Mo-nitrogenase, NifHDK, and the Mo storage protein, Mop, increased with increasing Mo concentrations. In contrast, Fe-nitrogenase, AnfHDGK, and ModABC, the Mo transporter, were expressed only under Mo-limiting conditions. IscN was identified as a novel Mo-repressed protein. Mo control of Mop, AnfHDGK, and ModABC corresponded to transcriptional regulation of their genes by the Mo-responsive regulators MopA and MopB. Mo control of NifHDK and IscN appeared to be more complex, involving different posttranscriptional mechanisms. In line with the simultaneous control of IscN and Fe-nitrogenase by Mo, IscN was found to be important for Fe-nitrogenase-dependent diazotrophic growth. The possible role of IscN as an A-type carrier providing Fe-nitrogenase with Fe-S clusters is discussed.IMPORTANCEBiological nitrogen fixation is a central process in the global nitrogen cycle by which the abundant but chemically inert dinitrogen (N2) is reduced to ammonia (NH3), a bioavailable form of nitrogen. Nitrogen reduction is catalyzed by nitrogenases found in diazotrophic bacteria and archaea but not in eukaryotes. All diazotrophs synthesize molybdenum-dependent nitrogenases. In addition, some diazotrophs, includingRhodobacter capsulatus, possess catalytically less efficient alternative Mo-free nitrogenases, whose expression is repressed by Mo. Despite the importance of Mo in biological nitrogen fixation, this is the first study analyzing the proteome-wide Mo response in a diazotroph. IscN was recognized as a novel member of the molybdoproteome inR. capsulatus. It was dispensable for Mo-nitrogenase activity but supported diazotrophic growth under Mo-limiting conditions.

Phosphate solubilizing bacteria stimulate wheat rhizosphere and endosphere biological nitrogen fixation by improving phosphorus content

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.9062 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e9062

Author(s):

Yongbin Li ◽

Qin Li ◽

Guohua Guan ◽

Sanfeng Chen

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Available P ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽

Total N ◽

P Content ◽

Soil Available P ◽

Biological Nitrogen ◽

Total P

Phosphate (P) availability often limits biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) by diazotrophic bacteria. In soil, only 0.1% of the total P is available for plant uptake. P solubilizing bacteria can convert insoluble P to plant-available soluble P (ionic P and low molecular-weight organic P). However, limited information is available about the effects of synergistic application of diazotrophic bacteria and P solubilizing bacteria on the nitrogenase activity of rhizosphere and nifH expression of endosphere. In this study, we investigated the effects of co-inoculation with a diazotrophic bacterium (Paenibacillus beijingensis BJ-18) and a P-solubilizing bacterium (Paenibacillus sp. B1) on wheat growth, plant and soil total N, plant total P, soil available P, soil nitrogenase activity and the relative expression of nifH in plant tissues. Co-inoculation significantly increased plant biomass (length, fresh and dry weight) and plant N content (root: 27%, shoot: 30%) and P content (root: 63%, shoot: 30%). Co-inoculation also significantly increased soil total N (12%), available P (9%) and nitrogenase activity (69%) compared to P. beijingensis BJ-18 inoculation alone. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed co-inoculation doubled expression of nifH genes in shoots and roots. Soil nitrogenase activity and nifH expression within plant tissues correlated with P content of soil and plant tissues, which suggests solubilization of P by Paenibacillus sp. B1 increased N fixation in soils and the endosphere. In conclusion, P solubilizing bacteria generally improved soil available P and plant P uptake, and considerably stimulated BNF in the rhizosphere and endosphere of wheat seedlings.

Effects of Vermicompost, Tithonia Green Manure and Urea on Quality of Swiss Chard (Beta Vulgaris L. Var. Cicla L.) in Kenya

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v9n2p55 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

N. B. Rioba ◽

P. A. Opala ◽

J. K. Bore ◽

S. O. Ochanda ◽

K. Sitienei

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Green Manure ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Standard Procedures ◽

Swiss Chard ◽

And Control

Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla) is a popular vegetable because it is nutritious, robust, easy to grow. It requires regular applications of nitrogen, which causes accumulation of oxalates and nitrates within the plant. Oxalates and nitrates are known health hazards but the use of organic fertilizers have been shown to reduce their accumulation and to promote accumulation of beneficial phytochemicals. We therefore determined the effect vermicompost (VC), Tithonia diversifolia green manure (Tithonia) and urea on the quality of Swiss chard. The experiment was laid out in a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three times with thirteen treatments. Leaf nutrient elements, TSS, polyohenols, Vitamin C and antioxidants were determined using standard procedures. Treatment effects were significant only for aluminum, phosphorus and calcium. The values were highest on VC 50 kg N ha-1 and Urea 50 kg N ha-1, Tithonia 50 kg N ha-1 + Urea 50 kg N ha-1, and VC 50 kg N ha-1, and VC 100 kg N ha-1 for aluminum, phosphorus and calcium, respectively. Lowest response was reported on Tithonia 50 kg N ha-1, control and Tithonia 50 kg N ha-1 + Urea 50 kg N ha-1 for aluminum, phosphorus and calcium, respectively. The treatments significantly influenced the percentage of polyphenols, vitamin C and the antioxidant capacity while no significance was reported for total soluble solutes. The polyphenols and vitamin C content were highest on Tithonia 100 kg N ha-1 and control, respectively. Low polyphenol and vitamin C contents were recorded on VC 50 kg N ha-1 and VC 100 kg N ha-1, respectively. A similar trend was observed for antioxidant activity since a positive correlation was observed between the polyphenols and vitamin C and the antioxidant activity. Tithonia green manure improves Swiss chard quality.

Nitrogen-15 labeling of Crotalaria juncea green manure

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162003000100027 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 181-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Edmilson José Ambrosano ◽

Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin ◽

Heitor Cantarella ◽

Raffaella Rossetto ◽

Takashi Muraoka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Plant Tissue ◽

Green Manure ◽

Plant Material ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Leguminous Plant ◽

Legume Species ◽

Crotalaria Juncea ◽

Biological Nitrogen

Most studies dealing with the utilization of 15N labeled plant material do not present details about the labeling technique. This is especially relevant for legume species since biological nitrogen fixation difficults plant enrichment. A technique was developed for labeling leguminous plant tissue with 15N to obtain labeled material for nitrogen dynamics studies. Sun hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) was grown on a Paleudalf, under field conditions. An amount of 58.32 g of urea with 70.57 ± 0.04 atom % 15N was sprayed three times on plants grown on eight 6-m²-plots. The labelled material presented 2.412 atom % 15N in a total dry matter equivalent to 9 Mg ha-1 This degree of enrichment enables the use of the green manure in pot or field experiments requiring 15N-labeled material.

The fixed nitrogen sensitivity of biological nitrogen fixation in salt marshes sediments from the northeastern United States

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-11857 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Romain Darnajoux ◽

Rei Zhang ◽

Katja Luxem ◽

Xinning Zhang

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Salt Marshes ◽

Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Ammonium Concentration ◽

Desulfovibrio Vulgaris ◽

Fixed Nitrogen ◽

Sulfate Reducing ◽

Biological Nitrogen

Biological nitrogen fixation, the main input of fixed N into ecosystems, converts inert N2 gas into bioavailable ammonium in an energetically costly reaction catalyzed by the prokaryotic metalloenzyme nitrogenase. &#160;The high ATP and reductant requirements of N2 fixation explain why this process is highly regulated in diazotrophs, with the presence of ammonium inhibiting nitrogenase expression and activity. Yet, several reports of N2 fixation in ammonium- and nitrate-rich (10 to 300 &#181;M) benthic environments challenge our understanding of a key environmental sensitivity of N2 fixation. Field studies point to heterotrophic sulfate reducers as the likely diazotrophs in these benthic settings, but the fixed N sensitivity of sulfate-reducing diazotrophs is not well understood due to a dearth of culture studies. Additionally, assays of N2 fixation in incubations rarely involve parallel measurements of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, possibly leading to experimental bias in favor of detecting activity under ammonium-replete initial conditions.To help reconcile the environmental results, we investigate the ammonium sensitivity of N2 fixation using the acetylene reduction assay and 15N2 tracer methods in i) the model sulfate-reducing diazotroph, Desulfovibrio vulgaris str. Hildenborough (DvH), ii) four enrichment cultures from salt marsh sediments of New Jersey, and iii) slurry incubations of sediments collected from three northeastern salt marshes. In all instances, we found that ammonium strongly inhibits biological nitrogen fixation, with nitrogenase activity only detectable when ammonium concentration is below a threshold of 10 &#181;M (slurry incubation) or 2 &#181;M (pure cultures, enrichments). Amendment of ammonium quickly inhibits nitrogen fixation and nitrogenase activity only resumes &#160;once ammonium is depleted to the threshold level. Ammonium additions to actively fixing samples show complete inhibition of N2 fixation within several hours post-addition.&#160;Our measurements of the ammonium sensitivity of benthic N2 fixation are consistent with the traditional understanding of nitrogen fixer metabolism and with early findings of Postgate et al. (1984) demonstrating that N2 fixation by the sulfate reducer Desulfovibrio gigas is inhibited by ammonium levels that exceed 10 &#181;M. These results help clarify a long-standing paradox in benthic nitrogen cycling. We suggest that prior observations of N2 fixation at elevated ammonium levels could reflect methodological artifacts due to very fast depletion of ammonium during activity assays, legacy N2 fixation activity associated with incomplete inhibition by ammonium, or spatial heterogeneity. Further work to standardize fixed N sensitivity assays could help with cross-study comparisons and with clarifying inconsistencies in our understanding of how environmental fixed nitrogen levels control nitrogen fixation.