scholarly journals Heavy Metals in PM10 Aerosols Over an Urban Industrial City

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1402-1408
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Back Trajectory Analysis ◽  
Source Correlation ◽  
Heavy Metal Determination

PM10 aerosols were monitored and analyzed for heavy metal concentration at Raipur city Chhattisgarh, India for possible source identification of pollutants. Sampling of PM10 aerosols was carried out by using respirable dust sampler during the year 2016. Daily PM10 average concentrations varied between 122.033 and 197.854 µg/m3, 91.350 and 133.950 µg/m3 and 112.770 and 480.170 µg/m3 in summer, monsoon and winter respectively. Chemical analysis of PM10 samples was carried out for heavy metal determination. Heavy metal (Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb) were analyzed with the help of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and found in the range of 2.713-36.862, 0.131-9.129. 0.880-4.195 and 0.015-0.321 µg/m3 for Fe, Mn, Pb and Ni respectively. PM10 concentrations shows distinct seasonal variation being twice in winter season than in summer; winter (mean: 241.820 ± 33.912 µg/m3) > summer (mean: 159.512 ± 14.360 µg/m3) > monsoon (mean: 107.480 ± 9.213 µg/m3). The concentration of heavy metal was different in all the seasons depending on their sources. Identification of possible sources was done by principal component analysis (PCA) illustrating industrial activities, soil (crustal) dust and biomass burning as the major sources in the region. The back trajectory analysis of the air masses depicts that the local anthropogenic activities affect the concentration of pollutants at the source. Correlation analysis between the heavy metal concentrations agreed the results obtained by PCA. The work helped in observing the seasonal trend of particulate matter concentrations and in identification of major sources of air pollution in the city.

scholarly journals On the abundance and source contributions of dicarboxylic acids in size-resolved aerosol particles at continental sites in central Europe

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 3913-3928 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. van Pinxteren ◽  
C. Neusüß ◽  
H. Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Back Trajectory Analysis

Abstract. Dicarboxylic acids (DCAs) are among the most abundant organic compounds observed in atmospheric aerosol particles and have been extensively studied at many places around the world. The importance of the various primary sources and secondary formation pathways discussed in the literature is often difficult to assess from field studies, though. In the present study, a large data set of size-resolved DCA concentrations from several inland sites in Germany is combined with results from a recently developed approach of statistical back-trajectory analysis and additional data. Principal component analysis is then used to reveal the most important factors governing the abundance of DCAs in different particle size ranges. The two most important sources revealed are (i) photochemical formation during intense radiation days in polluted air masses, likely occurring in the gas phase on short timescales (gasSOA), and (ii) secondary reactions in anthropogenically influenced air masses, likely occurring in the aqueous phase on longer timescales (aqSOA). While the first source strongly impacts DCA concentrations mainly in small and large particles, the second one enhances accumulation mode DCAs and is responsible for the bulk of the observed concentrations. Primary sources were found to be minor (sea salt, soil resuspension) or non-existent (biomass burning, traffic). The results can be regarded as representative for typical central European continental conditions.

scholarly journals On the abundance and source contributions of dicarboxylic acids in size-resolved aerosol particles at continental sites in Central Europe

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 32093-32131
Author(s):  
D. van Pinxteren ◽  
C. Neusüß ◽  
H. Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Back Trajectory Analysis ◽  
Source Contributions ◽  
Secondary Reactions

Abstract. Dicarboxylic acids (DCAs) are among the most abundant organic compounds observed in atmospheric aerosol particles and have been extensively studied at many places around the world. The importance of the various primary sources and secondary formation pathways discussed in the literature is often difficult to assess from field studies, though. In the present study, a large dataset of size-resolved DCA concentrations from several inland sites in Germany is combined with results from a recently developed approach of statistical back-trajectory analysis and additional data. Principal component analysis is then used to reveal the most important factors governing the abundance of DCAs in different particle size ranges. The two most important sources revealed are (i) photochemical formation in polluted air masses, likely occurring in the gas phase on short timescales (gasSOA), and (ii) secondary reactions in anthropogenically influenced air masses, likely occurring in the aqueous phase on longer timescales (aqSOA). While the first source strongly impacts DCA concentrations mainly in small and large particles, the second one enhances accumulation mode DCAs and is responsible for the bulk of the observed concentrations. Primary sources were found to be minor (sea salt, soil resuspension) or non-existent (biomass burning, traffic). The results can be regarded representative for typical central-european continental conditions.

scholarly journals Use of Low-Cost Ambient Particulate Sensors in Nablus, Palestine with Application to the Assessment of Regional Dust Storms

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Abdelhaleem Khader ◽  
Randal S. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
World Health ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
Hysplit Model ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Palestinian Territories ◽  
Back Trajectory Analysis ◽  
Lower Elevation

Few air pollutant studies within the Palestinian territories have been reported in the literature. In March–April and May–June of 2018, three low-cost, locally calibrated particulate monitors (AirU’s) were deployed at different elevations and source areas throughout the city of Nablus in Northern West Bank, Palestine. During each of the three-week periods, high but site-to-site similar particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and less than 10 µm (PM10) concentrations were observed. The PM2.5 concentrations at the three sampling locations and during both sampling periods averaged 38.2 ± 3.6 µg/m3, well above the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 24 h guidelines. Likewise, the PM10 concentrations exceeded or were just below the WHO’s 24 h guidelines, averaging 48.5 ± 4.3 µg/m3. During both periods, short episodes were identified in which the particulate levels at all three sites increased substantially (≈2×) above the regional baseline. Air mass back trajectory analyses using U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model suggested that, during these peak episodes, the arriving air masses spent recent days over desert areas (e.g., the Saharan Desert in North Africa). On days with regionally low PM2.5 concentrations (≈20 µg/m3), back trajectory analysis showed that air masses were directed in from the Mediterranean Sea area. Further, the lower elevation (downtown) site often recorded markedly higher particulate levels than the valley wall sites. This would suggest locally derived particulate sources are significant and may be beneficial in the identification of potential remediation options.

Investigation of Soil Heavy Metal in Zhehai Town Huize County Yunnan Based on GIS- Approach and Geostatistics

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3067-3074
Author(s):  
Kun Shi ◽  
Dong Sheng Li ◽  
Bi Yun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Soil Area

1144 sample points were collected using PXRF from an area of 99 square kilometers soil area Zhehai town Huizhe county of Yunnan province to acquire their concentrations and possible sources, and characterize their spatial variability for risk assessment. SPSS16.0 was used to deal the raw date and eliminate the outfits and perform Multivariate analysis (correlation matrix, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis). It discriminate distinct groups of heavy metals. From the Range of the semi-variorum models, it obtained elements spatial structure and the contamination resource caused mainly by natural resource or anthropogenic activities. The result of risk assessment attained the percentage of pollution accounts for whole investigate region, which provides the reference to deal with the soil pollution.

scholarly journals Airborne mercury species at the Råö background monitoring site in Sweden: Distribution of mercury as an effect of long range transport

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingvar Wängberg ◽  
Michelle G. Nerentorp Mastromonaco ◽  
John Munthe ◽  
Katarina Gårdfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Observation System ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
Mercury Species ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Back Trajectory Analysis ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Eu Project ◽  
Background Air ◽  
The Eu

Abstract. Within the EU project, Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) airborne mercury have been monitored at the background Råö measurement site on the west coast of Sweden from mid May 2012 tot the beginning of July 2013 and from the beginning of February 2014 to the end of May 2015. The mercury concentrations measured at the Råö site was found to be low in comparison to other comparable European measurement sites. A back trajectory analysis to study the origin of air masses reaching the Råö site was performed. Due to the remotely location of the Råö measurement station it receives background air most of the time. However, elevated concentrations with air masses coming from especially the south east are noticeable. Evidence for formation of gaseous oxidised mercury (GOM) in background free tropospheric air is presented.

scholarly journals Analysis of a period of elevated ozone concentration reported over the Vaal Triangle on 2 June 2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
G. Feig ◽  
X. Ncipha ◽  
S. Naidoo ◽  
D. Mabaso ◽  
N. Ngcukana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Back Trajectory Analysis ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
Vaal Triangle ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring Stations

A peak in the ambient ozone concentration was observed at three of the six ambient air quality monitoring stations in the Vaal Triangle Airshed Priority Area on the second of June 2013. The ozone peak was associated with elevated concentrations of particulate matter, including PM10, PM2.5 and black carbon, but not sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide nor benzene. Back trajectory analysis using Hysplit showed that the air masses containing the high levels of ozone passed over areas influenced by coal fired power stations in the Waterberg, metal processing in the Bojanala region and high intensity fires 30km to 50km upwind of the stations.

scholarly journals Assessment of Contamination Potential of Groundwater Adjacent to the Waste Disposal Site at Khulna: Contamination Indices, Multivariate Statistics and Geostatistical Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Islam M Rafizul ◽  
Debatosh Banik Partha
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Waste Disposal Site ◽  
Metal Elements ◽  
Contamination Indices ◽  
Geostatistical Approach

This study aimed to evaluate the contamination potential of groundwater using various contamination indices available in the literature. To these attempts, fifteen groundwater samples were collected during rainy and dry seasons from the selected tubewells located nearby waste disposal site at Rajbandh, Khulna, Bangladesh. In the laboratory, the concentration of metal elements such as Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd, Na, K, Ca, As and Mg in groundwater were measured through stanadard methods. The contamination indices such as groundwater quality index (GWQI), degree of contamination (Cd), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) and heavy metal contamination index (HPI) were used to quantify the level of contamination of groundwater. The values of GWQI, Cd, HEI and HPI of groundwater were found less in rainy season than that of dry season due to dilution of groundwater. GWQI reveals that 26.67% of tubewells yield very poor, while, 73.33% of poor water condition. The result of principal component analysis (PCA) indicates that As contamination in groundwater caused from anthropogenic activities, while, Na, Ca and Mg from natural sources. Pearson’s correlations indicates that most of the metal elements were in highly positive correlations with each other. The spatial distribution of various indices reveals that contamination of groundwater was found comparatively higher in the nearest tubewells and decreases in relation to the increasing of water sampling distances. The outcome of this study will further be helpful for other researchers to quantify the level of contamination of groundwater from tubewells. Journal of Engineering Science 12(1), 2021, 9-20

scholarly journals Exploring Winter Mortality Variability in Five Regions of England Using Back Trajectory Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Dimitriou ◽  
G. R. McGregor ◽  
P. A. Kassomenos ◽  
A. K. Paschalidou
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Winter Weather ◽  
The West ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Back Trajectory Analysis ◽  
West Midlands ◽  
Pressure Anomaly ◽  
Climate And Health

Abstract This paper aims to define atmospheric pathways related with the occurrence of daily winter low temperature episodes (LTE) in England, for the 26-yr period 1974–99, and to reveal possible associations with increased mortality rates. For this purpose, backward airmass trajectories, corresponding to LTE in five regions of England, were deployed. A statistically significant increase in mortality levels, at the 0.05 level, was found for LTE, compared to non-LTE days across all five regions. Seven categories of atmospheric trajectory patterns associated with LTE were identified: east, local, west, North Atlantic, Arctic, southwest, and Scandinavian. Consideration of the link between airmass trajectory patterns and mortality levels by region revealed a possible west-to-east split in the nature of air masses connected with elevated mortality. Specifically, for the West Midlands and northwest regions, relatively warm winter weather conditions from the west, most likely associated with the eastward progression of low pressure systems, are allied with the highest daily average mortality counts, whereas, for the northeast, Humberside/York, and southeast regions, cold continental air advection from northern or eastern Europe, which lasts for several days and is linked with either a blocking pattern over the western margins of Europe or an intense high pressure anomaly over eastern or northern Europe, appears important in mortality terms. This finding confirms that winter weather health associations are complex, such that climate setting and airmass climatology need to be taken into account when considering climate and health relationships.

A High-Resolution Record of Atmospheric Dust Composition and Variability since a.d. 1650 from a Mount Everest Ice Core

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 3910-3925 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kaspari ◽  
P. A. Mayewski ◽  
M. Handley ◽  
S. Kang ◽  
S. Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
Mount Everest ◽  
Atmospheric Dust ◽  
Back Trajectory Analysis ◽  
Anthropogenic Inputs ◽  
Dust Generation

Abstract A Mount Everest ice core analyzed at high resolution for major and trace elements (Sr, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Bi, U, Tl, Al, S, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co) and spanning the period a.d. 1650–2002 is used to investigate the sources of and variations in atmospheric dust through time. The chemical composition of dust varies seasonally, and peak dust concentrations occur during the winter–spring months. Significant correlations between the Everest dust record and dust observations at stations suggest that the Everest record is representative of regional variations in atmospheric dust loading. Back-trajectory analysis in addition to a significant correlation of Everest dust concentrations and the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) aerosol index indicates that the dominant winter sources of dust are the Arabian Peninsula, Thar Desert, and northern Sahara. Factors that contribute to dust generation at the surface include soil moisture and temperature, and the long-range transport of dust aerosols appears to be sensitive to the strength of 500-mb zonal winds. There are periods of high dust concentration throughout the 350-yr Mount Everest dust record; however, there is an increase in these periods since the early 1800s. The record was examined for recent increases in dust emissions associated with anthropogenic activities, but no recent dust variations can be conclusively attributed to anthropogenic inputs of dust.

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