scholarly journals Application of Storm Pav Green Pavement System in a Government Buildings Redevelopment Scheme

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 723-727
Keyword(s):  
Peak Flow ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Management Standard ◽  
Flow Processes ◽  
Project Site ◽  
New Feature ◽  
Recurrent Interval

StormPav Green Pavement System is a non-commercialized permeable road with a function of stormwater detention. This paper demonstrates the application of the R&D product in part of a 14,000 m2 government building complex as a new feature of sustainable drainage system. To assess its stormwater impacts to the project site, two software are utilized to analyze the stormwater flow processes when merely 10% of the project area is incorporated with StormPav. Firstly, Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is used to simulate the project-wide stormwater flow, in which reductions between 22% - 6% in terms of peak flow rates are predicted compared to conventional drains when subjected to 5 – 180 minutes of 10-year Average Recurrent Interval (ARI) design rainfall. Secondly, SolidWorks Flow Simulation (SWFS) simulates the detailed flow processes within the StormPav system, in which it is found 0.5 – 1.3 m/s of velocities are predicted around the inlets and outlet that conform to the local stormwater management standard. Besides, SWFS allows visualization of velocity and streamline profiles across the StormPav system that conventional SWMM could not provide.

scholarly journals Inclusion of Hydraulic Controls in Rehabilitation Models of Drainage Networks to Control Floods

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 514
Author(s):  
Leonardo Bayas-Jiménez ◽  
F. Javier Martínez-Solano ◽  
Pedro L. Iglesias-Rey ◽  
Daniel Mora-Melia ◽  
Vicente S. Fuertes-Miquel
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Hydraulic Control ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
Extreme Rain ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
The Cost

A problem for drainage systems managers is the increase in extreme rain events that are increasing in various parts of the world. Their occurrence produces hydraulic overload in the drainage system and consequently floods. Adapting the existing infrastructure to be able to receive extreme rains without generating consequences for cities’ inhabitants has become a necessity. This research shows a new way to improve drainage systems with minimal investment costs, using for this purpose a novel methodology that considers the inclusion of hydraulic control elements in the network, the installation of storm tanks and the replacement of pipes. The presented methodology uses the Storm Water Management Model for the hydraulic analysis of the network and a modified Genetic Algorithm to optimize the network. In this algorithm, called the Pseudo-Genetic Algorithm, the coding of the chromosomes is integral and has been used in previous studies of hydraulic optimization. This work evaluates the cost of the required infrastructure and the damage caused by floods to find the optimal solution. The main conclusion of this study is that the inclusion of hydraulic controls can reduce the cost of network rehabilitation and decrease flood levels.

scholarly journals Modelling Pluvial Flooding in Urban Areas Coupling the Models Iber and SWMM

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2647
Author(s):  
Esteban Sañudo ◽  
Luis Cea ◽  
Jerónimo Puertas
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Dynamic Link Library ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Sewer Network ◽  
Overland Flow Model

Dual urban drainage models allow users to simulate pluvial urban flooding by analysing the interaction between the sewer network (minor drainage system) and the overland flow (major drainage system). This work presents a free distribution dual drainage model linking the models Iber and Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), which are a 2D overland flow model and a 1D sewer network model, respectively. The linking methodology consists in a step by step calling process from Iber to a Dynamic-link Library (DLL) that contains the functions in which the SWMM code is split. The work involves the validation of the model in a simplified urban street, in a full-scale urban drainage physical model and in a real urban settlement. The three study cases have been carefully chosen to show and validate the main capabilities of the model. Therefore, the model is developed as a tool that considers the main hydrological and hydraulic processes during a rainfall event in an urban basin, allowing the user to plan, evaluate and design new or existing urban drainage systems in a realistic way.

scholarly journals The benefits of planar circular mouths on suction feeding performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (73) ◽  
pp. 1767-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Skorczewski ◽  
Angela Cheer ◽  
Peter C. Wainwright
Keyword(s):  
Prey Capture ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Suction Feeding ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Enhance Efficiency ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Hydrodynamic Effects

Suction feeding is the most common form of prey capture across aquatic feeding vertebrates and many adaptations that enhance efficiency and performance are expected. Many suction feeders have mechanisms that allow the mouth to form a planar and near-circular opening that is believed to have beneficial hydrodynamic effects. We explore the effects of the flattened and circular mouth opening through computational fluid dynamics simulations that allow comparisons with other mouth profiles. Compared to mouths with lateral notches, we find that the planar mouth opening results in higher flow rates into the mouth and a region of highest flow that is positioned at the centre of the mouth aperture. Planar mouths provide not only for better total fluid flow rates through the mouth but also through the centre of the mouth near where suction feeders position their prey. Circular mouths are shown to provide the quickest capture times for spherical and elliptical prey because they expose the prey item to a large region of high flow. Planar and circular mouths result in higher flow velocities with peak flow located at the centre of the mouth opening and they maximize the capacity of the suction feeders to exert hydrodynamic forces on the prey.

Inhibition of milk ejection in cows by oxytocin receptor blockade, α-adrenergic receptor stimulation and in unfamiliar surroundings

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUPERT M. BRUCKMAIER ◽  
OLGA WELLNITZ ◽  
JÜRG W. BLUM
Keyword(s):  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor ◽  
Receptor Blockade ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Receptor Stimulation ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
Similar Peak

Inhibition of milk ejection in cows by oxytocin receptor blockade (Atosiban) and α-adrenergic receptor stimulation (phenylephrine) prior to prestimulation was compared with inhibition of milk ejection in unfamiliar surroundings. In addition, Atosiban and phenylephrine were administered after a 1 min prestimulation or 1 min after the start of milking. Oxytocin concentrations increased during milking in all treatments. The spontaneously removed milk fraction (before oxytocin was injected) was similar for Atosiban and phenylephrine treatments and in unfamiliar surroundings, but lower than in controls. Peak flow rates were similar in all treatments, but reduced as compared with controls when phenylephrine and Atosiban were administered before prestimulation. Peripheral (Atosiban, phenylephrine) and central (unfamiliar surroundings) inhibition of milk ejection reduced the amount of available milk similarly. Drug treatments resulted in similar peak flow rates; however, teats were contracted after phenylephrine administration but not after Atosiban. The inhibition induced by Atosiban could be abolished by oxytocin injection, but not that induced by phenylephrine, which was antagonized by α-adrenergic receptor blockade. These results indicate that inhibition of milk ejection through activation of α-adrenergic receptors is based on blockade of milk flow into the cistern, but not through the teats.

Nasal inspiratory peak flow rates after cold stimulation of the feet in allergic rhinitis and normals

2002 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. S97-S97
Author(s):  
Renata Witkowska ◽  
Alan Wolff ◽  
Kumar Patel ◽  
Stanley Weiss ◽  
Leonard Bielory
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Cold Stimulation ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Nasal Inspiratory Peak Flow ◽  
Stimulation Of

Research for Combined Drainage Networks in Chuanfang River Basin of Kunming City Based on SWMM

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 2380-2385
Author(s):  
Xiao Min Zhu ◽  
Bing Huang ◽  
Shu Dong Wang ◽  
Jin Long Zheng ◽  
Bo Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
Water Base

A model for simulating combined drainage networks in Chuangfang river basin of Kunming City based on the Storm Water Management Model was established. The type and period of using water base on residential area, marketplace, school area, and guesthouse area Kunming city were introduced into the model, and their infection for drainage system was research. The results show that simulation results of two outlets flow have coherence with monitoring data based two typical rainfall in Kunming, the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient is 0.71-0.82. And the model can be using analyze ‘bottleneck’ nodes and restricting conduits, simulating the running status of drainage network of combined drainage at raining and draining peak time of sewage water. The research provide strong technical support for rebuild drainage network in Kunming or other city.

Aminophylline Therapy Does Not Improve Outcome and Increases Adverse Effects in Children Hospitalized With Acute Asthmatic Exacerbations

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Raphael E. Strauss ◽  
David L. Wertheim ◽  
Vincent R. Bonagura ◽  
David J. Valacer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization

Objective. To evaluate the effects of aminophylline (Am) in children hospitalized with asthma. Methods. Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects were children between the ages of 5 and 18 years admitted for asthma exacerbation to either a tertiary care children's hospital or an innercity general hospital in New York. Exclusion criteria were admission to the intensive care unit, initial theophylline level > 5 µg/dL, or the presence of other systemic disorders. All patients received nebulized albuterol therapy and intravenous glucocorticosteroids in standardized doses. Thirty-one patients were randomized to receive either an Am bolus followed by continuous Am infusion or placebo (P) bolus and infusion. The outcome variables were: duration of hospitalization, percent of predicted peak expiratory flow rates recorded at 12-hour intervals, number of albuterol treatments required, and adverse effects. Results. There were no significant differences at study entry in age, sex, race, number of previous hospital admissions, prior medications used, clinical symptom scores, or initial peak flow rates for the two groups. For 26 patients who completed this study, 15 patients in the P group were hospitalized for a mean duration of 2.33 ± 1.3 days, whereas 11 patients in the Am group required 2.58 ± 1.5 days. There were no significant differences between the two groups for hospital days, peak flow rates at any time interval, or amount of albuterol therapy required (P > .2). In the Am group, 6 of the 14 patients who entered the study experienced significant adverse effects consisting of nausea, emesis, headache, abdominal pain, and palpitations. Only 1 of 17 patients in the P group had an adverse effect (P <. 05). Conclusions. There is no benefit and considerable risk of adverse effects associated with the use of Am in hospitalized asthmatic children.

scholarly journals Developing a Reliability Index of Low Impact Development for Urban Areas

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2961
Author(s):  
Yang Ho Song ◽  
Jung Ho Lee ◽  
Eui Hoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Distance Measure ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Reliability Evaluation ◽  
Nonpoint Source ◽  
Evaluation Technique ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Primary Reference ◽  
Urban Catchments

A defining characteristic of the urbanization is the transformation of existing pervious areas into impervious areas during development. This leads to numerous hydrologic and environmental problems such as an increase in surface runoff due to excess rainfall, flooding, the deterioration of water quality, and an increase in nonpoint source pollution. Several studies propose supplementary measures on environmental change problems in development areas using the low impact development technique. This study investigated the reduction of nonpoint source pollutant loads and flooding in catchments through urban catchment rainfall–runoff management. For the quantitative assessment of flood disasters and water pollution problems, we propose a reliability evaluation technique. This technique refers to a series of analysis methods that determine the disaster prevention performance of the existing systems. As the two factors involve physical quantities of different dimensions, a reliability evaluation technique was developed using the distance measure method. Using the storm water management model, multiple scenarios based on synthetic rainfall in the catchment of the Daerim 2 rainwater pumping station in Seoul, South Korea, were examined. Our results indicate the need for efficient management of natural disaster risks that may occur in urban catchments. Moreover, this study can be used as a primary reference for setting a significant reduction target and facilitating accurate decision making concerning urban drainage system management.

scholarly journals Imine Reductase Based All-Enzyme Hydrogel with Intrinsic Cofactor Regeneration for Flow Biocatalysis

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Bitterwolf ◽  
Felix Ott ◽  
Kersten S. Rabe ◽  
Christof M. Niemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Binding Kinetics ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Covalent Crosslinking ◽  
Flow Processes ◽  
Space Time Yield

All-enzyme hydrogels are biocatalytic materials, with which various enzymes can be immobilized in microreactors in a simple, mild, and efficient manner to be used for continuous flow processes. Here we present the construction and application of a cofactor regenerating hydrogel based on the imine reductase GF3546 from Streptomyces sp. combined with the cofactor regenerating glucose-1-dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis. The resulting hydrogel materials were characterized in terms of binding kinetics and viscoelastic properties. The materials were formed by rapid covalent crosslinking in less than 5 min, and they showed a typical mesh size of 67 ± 2 nm. The gels were applied for continuous flow biocatalysis. In a microfluidic reactor setup, the hydrogels showed excellent conversions of imines to amines for up to 40 h in continuous flow mode. Variation of flow rates led to a process where the gels showed a maximum space-time-yield of 150 g·(L·day)−1 at 100 μL/min.

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