scholarly journals Modified Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) Algorithm for Routing in Vehicular Adhoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 720-724
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Node Energy

Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is divided as Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) application which comprises the capability to offer Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) and to enhance road safety. VANET has many difficulties that various from instability problem that gives higher topological change and higher energy utilization with many advantages. The main aim to construct a route optimal path technique is to reduce the probability of linkage failure and decrease the node energy utilization within the network. ACO heuristic for vehicle routing is proposed in this paper. In this method mobility prediction is employed for stability of network and to reduce the utilized energy two-tier mechanism is employed by Location Aided Routing (LAR) protocol. The simulation outcomes in Network simulator 2 of the proposed method enhanced the node energy utilization within the network and it takes lower energy

AN IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFICIENT PATH SELECTION METHOD FOR SUCCESSFUL DATA TRANSMISSION IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-48
Author(s):  
Arjun Jadhaw ◽  
◽  
Vikrant Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Selection Of

Routing is a process of forwarding the data from a known source to the destination. In this procedure, the data might travel during some in-between paths, and there exist a required to select the best probable best possible nodes to forward the data. This best selection of nodes will permit to achieve a high presentation in the network. Big amount of worked has been carried out to find the best pathway in the network routing to progress its effectiveness and to eliminate overcrowding problems. A good routing algorithm should be able to find an optimal path and it must be simple. It also must have low overhead, and be robust and stable, converging rapidly, and must remain flexible. Routing in MANET by means of the direct pathway metric is not a sufficient situation to construct high quality pathway, since minimum hop count routing frequently chooses routes that have considerably less capacity than the best pathway that live in the network. In this article, we suggest a mechanism to prefer the routing protocol based on manifold measure like Throughput, PDR, energy expenditure etc. These paths are quite resourceful. Network presentation will be raise by using these paths. The efficiency of our mechanism is illustrated by simulations conducted using network simulator ns-2.

scholarly journals Modeling Portable Manager Aiding in the MANET Communication

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 572
Author(s):  
Ganesh Kumar ◽  
A. Arivazhagan
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Relay Node ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

<p>The aim of this paper is to model the Portable Manager and allow it to aid in communication among Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) carrying information across the mobile nodes in the network. In this article, Modeling Portable Manager aiding in the MANET Communication (MMAC) is proposed. The novelty is present in the use of node performance parameter called as α defined as the ratio of the packet received, packet loss and delay of the node which could be used for the next hop selection in the mobile ad hoc network. The Portable Manager (PM) is used to find out the relay node in the network. The working of the PM with a minimal number of nodes is analyzed and presented through the simulations in the network simulator.</p>

scholarly journals Misbehavior detection of nodes in mobile ad-hoc networks using cluster overheads

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.8) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Rampati Purnasai ◽  
Vasanthadev Suryakala ◽  
Ramya T ◽  
Kolangiammal S
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Loss Ratio ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Misbehavior Detection ◽  
Misbehaving Nodes ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

In this paper we mainly discuss about the problem of identifying the misbehaving nodes in a multi hop ad-hoc network. Misbehaving nodes identification is done using co-operative incentive based approaches. We are considering a cluster based system for identifying misbehaving nodes in a network. A cluster overhead is selected in each cluster for communicating with other clusters. Proposed system is capable of detecting misbehaving nodes using the cluster formation and also the degradation of network lifetime is decreased when compared to the existing protocol. By selecting the cluster over-head we have marginally reduced the time-delay and packet loss ratio in (network simulator 2) simulation environment. Acknowledgement schemes are used to identify selective packet droppers.

scholarly journals Routing of Internal MANET Traffic over External Networks

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinh Pham ◽  
Erlend Larsen ◽  
Øivind Kure ◽  
Paal Engelstad
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Backbone Network ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Many have proposed to connect Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) to a wired backbone Internet access network. This paper demonstrates that a wired backbone network can be utilized for more than just providing access to the global Internet. Traffic between mobile nodes in the ad hoc network may also be routed via this backbone network to achieve higher throughput, and to reduce the load in the ad hoc network. This is referred to as transit routing. This paper proposes a cost metric algorithm that facilitates transit routing for some of the traffic flows between nodes in the MANET. The algorithm aims at carrying out transit routing for a flow only when it leads to improvements of the performance. The proposal is implemented and tested in the ns-2 network simulator, and the simulation results are promising.

scholarly journals Competitive analysis of single and multi-path routing protocols in mobile Ad-Hoc network

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ahmed Jubair ◽  
Mustafa Hamid Hassan ◽  
Salama A. Mostafa ◽  
Hairulnizam Mahdin ◽  
Aida Mustapha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Dynamic Source ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

<p>A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) refers to a dynamic and wireless network, which can be designed without an existing infrastructure as every node serves as a router. A MANET is a self-configuring system of mobile nodes that are connected wirelessly. Every node serves as a sink, as well as a router to send packets. The movement of the nodes is not restricted as they can move in any direction, and they have the ability to get organized into a network. Due to their free and independent movement, they do not have a fixed position; they often change positions. In this study, the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Ad-hoc On Multipath Demand Distance Vector (AOMDV) protocols are compared using Network Simulator NS2.35. DSR is a reactive gateway discovery algorithm whereby the connection of a MANET mobile device is established only on demand. Basically, AOMDV was specially tailored for ad-hoc networks that are highly dynamic to respond to link failures and breakages in the network. It ensures that the paths for destinations are sustained, and it defines the new routing information using destination serial numbers to ensure loop freedom always while avoiding problems. More so, it is a protocol that is based on a timer that can discover ways through which the mobile nodes respond to link breakages and change in topology. A comparison of protocols has been carried out individually and jointly with the aim of evaluating their performance. The performance is measured in terms of End-to-End Delay, Packet Delivery Ratio, Packet Loss Ratio, and Routing Overhead Ratio. The performance of the routing protocols was done using two scenarios; when there is a change in the simulation time and when there is a change in the number of nodes.</p>

Study of Ad hoc Networks with Reference to MANET, VANET, FANET

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bodhy Krishna .S
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Autonomous Nodes ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Network Administration

A wireless ad hoc network is a decentralized type of wireless network. It is a type of temporary computer-to-computer connection. It is a spontaneous network which includes mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET), vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET) and Flying ad-hoc networks (FANET). A MANET is a network that has many free or autonomous nodes often composed of mobile devices that can operate without strict top-down network administration [1]. A VANET is a sub form of MANET. It is a technology that uses vehicles as nodes in a network to create a mobile network. FANET is an ad-hoc network of flying nodes. They can fly independently or can be operated distantly. This paper discusses the characteristics of these three ad-hoc networks.

GPS Aided GEO Augmented Navigation Enabled Energy Efficient Routing for Mobile Ad-hoc Wireless Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Neeraj Verma ◽  
Kuber Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Ad Hoc Wireless Networks ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Energy is a critical issue in Mobile Ad-hoc Network. Nodes in Network are working in presence of limited or less energy due to dynamic nature of nodes or infrastructure less network. MANET has no infrastructure so nodes in MANET work on dynamic routing. In this way, energy proficient routing is required for reducing energy utilization. Energy proficient routing plans can extraordinarily reduce energy utilization and augments the lifetime of the networks. Scalability of Ad Hoc Networks can be enhanced by using land data, for example, in LAR, GPSR etc. They utilize physical area data; regularly from GPS (Global Positioning System).GPS empowers a gadget to decide their position as in longitude, Latitude and Altitude by getting this data from the satellites. There has been significant effort in proposing energy efficient routing protocols with the help of GAGAN (GPS Aided GEO Augmented Navigation) which have accuracy to approx One meter in India or its neighbor countries. GAGAN is a route framework which is helped by both GPS and nearby telemetry information to possibly give quicker and more exact situating and navigational information.

A Route Selection Mechanism for Mobility of Node in Mobile Ad Hoc Network

2012 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 520-523
Author(s):  
Hyun Jong Cha ◽  
Jin Mook Kim ◽  
Hwang Bin Ryou
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Wired Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

A mobile ad-hoc network is a method of communication between different nodes (mobile devices) without the use of base stations, which are used in wired networks. In a Mobile ad-hoc network, nodes can play the role of a receiver, sender, or a relay. As movement is flexible in Mobile ad-hoc networks and nodes have limited resources, nodes may join the communication or exit it at any time. Therefore, for Mobile ad-hoc networks, routing techniques - selecting communication routes and maintaining them – is considered important in an environment of constantly changing network topology. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a reliable routing protocol based on MP-AOMDV, which monitors changes in signal strength not only for GPS signals but reception signals as well. Although MP-AOMDV was researched under the assumption of fixed movement direction and speed, this paper proposes a routing technique that works with changing movement direction or speed of nodes.

scholarly journals PROPOSED CLUSTER BASED ALGORITHM FOR MOBILE AD HOC NETWORK

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Chen Chao ◽  
Liang Jun ◽  
Sun Xin
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cluster Method ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Hoc Networks

Mobile ad hoc networks use the wireless network and have wider applications especially in emergency situation, military combat zones, and the mobility vehicles. The mobile ad hoc network especially poses the problem of security and efficiency as the network is often subject to internal and external attacks. To overcome such problems, different protocols are proposed. In this study, an improved protocol is proposed which makes use of hexacol cluster method and thus provide greater efficiency and security to the network. For validating the proposed method, a stimulation was performed and results were compared with other protocols. The results indicate that the proposed method showed improved performance compare to the other protocol.

scholarly journals Multicast Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2006-2010
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Multicast Routing ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Multicast Routing Protocols ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

A Mobile Ad-hoc network (MANET) is a network which forms a kind of self organized network without any pre-established infrastructure over radio links. Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are more effective in node –to- node communication. In current era of technology where most of the things are based on networks, MANETs are more suitable for wireless communication and data transfer medium due to the advent of 3G, 4G & 5G technologies. The primary objective of such an ad-hoc network routing protocol is to create appropriate and efficient route between a pair of nodes so that messages can be transmitted in a timely fashion. The dynamic design of this network makes routing protocols a prominent part in creating efficient routes between pairs of nodes The design of routes should be achieved with minimal overhead and bandwidth usage In last two decades many multicast routing protocols are designed and implemented. This paper focuses on some of the MANETs protocols and their characteristics along with their advantages and disadvantages.

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