scholarly journals Inhibitory and Emotional Control Deficits as Predictors of Symptoms of Problem Behaviors among Juvenile Delinquents

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S10) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Problem Behaviours

Executive dysfunction of inhibitory and emotional control deficits has not gained attention as a predictor in previous research on problem behaviors. Thus, this study examined inhibitory and emotional control deficits as predictors of symptoms of problem behaviors. There were 404 young offenders with various crimes such as stealing, substance use, rape, homicide, gang fights, and early sexual relation/pregnancy and out of control behavior participated in the study. Behavior Rating Instrument of Executive Function-Self Report (BRIEF-SR) and Achenbach System of Empirical Behavior Assessment (ASEBA-YSR) were employed, respectively. The results showed there was a significant relationships between inhibitory and emotional control deficits with both symptoms of problem behaviours; rule-breaking behavior and aggressive behavior. Moreover, based on regression weights, inhibitory control deficit was the best predictor of attention problems and aggressive behavior. On the contrary, an emotional control deficit was the best predictor of both symptoms of problem behaviors. In conclusion, the executive function plays a significant role in problem behaviors among juvenile delinquents. Thus early prevention based on both inhibitory and emotional controls component must be considered in three different settings such as family, school, and community. Thorough consideration in developing and inserting these two executive function components also are much needed in an educational setting as it is where adolescents spend much of the time.

Exploring the Relationship Between Disordered Eating and Executive Function in a Non-Clinical Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 1033-1050
Author(s):  
Stefanie Ciszewski ◽  
Kathryn E. Flood ◽  
Cecile J. Proctor ◽  
Lisa A. Best
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Eat 26 ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research suggests that individuals diagnosed with eating disorders (ED) may experience executive functioning deficits that help maintain their ED. Although this relationship is reported consistently in clinical samples, it is important to consider whether it holds for individuals with sub-clinical ED symptoms. One hundred eighty-eight university students participated in the present study examining the relationship between executive function (EF) and disordered eating behaviors. Participants completed a demographics questionnaire, self-report questionnaires measuring atypical eating behaviors (EAT-26; EDI-3), and a self-report measure of EF (BRIEF-A). Correlational analyses demonstrated significant positive associations between ED behaviors and problems with emotional control, shifting, inhibition, and self-monitoring. Six hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted, using EF scores to predict scores on EAT-26 subscales (Dieting, Bulimia, Total ED Risk) and EDI-3 scales (Drive for Thinness, Bulimia, Risk Composite). In all regression analyses, BRIEF-A Emotional Control emerged as a significant predictor. As would be expected, EDI-3 Bulimia scores were also predicted by problems with inhibition. These results provide preliminary evidence of an association between non-clinical patterns of disordered eating and executive dysfunction, specifically including the ability to control one’s emotions, suggesting that emotional control problems may help predict ED risk. Future research could examine how these factors predict the development of eating disorders.

Emotion, Executive Dysfunction, and Agency

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-79
Author(s):  
Kevin Timpe
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Moral Agency ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Virtue Theory ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Emotional Disability ◽  
Contemporary Research ◽  
Human Emotions

Virtue theory has addressed the role of human emotions in moral agency since its earliest proponents. Timpe’s goal in this chapter is to see how far this connection can be pushed by looking at certain kinds of emotional disability (or impairments with regard to emotional control). More specifically, he explores what implications contemporary research in psychology about executive dysfunction and emotion has for thinking about virtues that take emotions as their objects (e.g., fortitude). Timpe argues that certain kinds of disabilities significantly impact an agent’s ability to develop the proper dispositions regarding emotions that are typically associated with virtue and human flourishing because of how those disabilities impact the agent’s emotions. Some disabilities will impair an agent’s ability to exercise the kind of executive function needed to regulate the emotions and develop virtue. Timpe ends by considering how the sort of disabilities considered relate to Christian flourishing and community.

scholarly journals A-042 Incongruence Between Self- and Parent- Report Measures of Executive Function on the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) in Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 832-832
Author(s):  
Garagozzo A ◽  
Hunter S ◽  
Smith D
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Database ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Behavior Rating Inventory ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective Research has demonstrated that adolescents with ADHD show executive dysfunction, although they do not always endorse such difficulties. We investigated inter-rater agreement between parent- and self-reported executive function (EF) in adolescents with ADHD, using the BRIEF. We also sought to investigate the relationship between scores on parent and self-report EF measures with performance on objective EF measures. Method Utilizing a clinical database, we identified 75 participants (13-17 years; Mage = 14.9; 60% male; 27% African American, 63% White, 3% Hispanic, 7% Other) with a diagnosis of ADHD. We examined inter-rater reliability between parent and self-reported factors on the BRIEF. We then examined the association between parent and self-report BRIEF Inhibition scores and the D-KEFS Color Word Interference (CWI) Inhibition trial, and parent and self-report BRIEF Shift scores and the D-KEFS CWI Inhibition/Switching trial and Trails Letter Number Sequencing trial. Results Significant associations were found between parent and self-ratings on BRIEF Inhibition (ICC = .22; 95% CI = -.24-.50), Shift (ICC = .24; 95% CI = -.21-.52), Emotional Control (ICC = .45, 95% CI = .137-.655), Plan/Organize (ICC = -.143; 95% CI = -.81–28), and Working Memory (ICC = -.193; 95% CI = -.89-.25) subscales. Correlation comparisons were significant for BRIEF self-report Inhibition and CWI Inhibition (r(73) = −.405, p = .000) only. Conclusion Results support standing findings regarding poor interrater reliability between parent and self-ratings of daily executive functioning in adolescents with ADHD. Self-report was seen to correlate with performance on objective EF tasks. Clinically, these results highlight the need for multidimensional assessment of ADHD in adolescents.

Executive Function Is Associated With Antisocial Behavior and Aggression in Athletes

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Micai ◽  
Maria Kavussanu ◽  
Christopher Ring
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
The Relationship

Poor executive function has been linked to increased antisocial and aggressive behavior in clinical and nonclinical populations. The present study investigated the relationship between executive and nonexecutive cognitive function and antisocial behavior in sport as well as reactive and proactive aggression. Cognitive function was assessed in young adult male and female athletes using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Antisocial behavior in sport and aggression were assessed via self-report instruments and were found to be positively correlated. Executive function (but not nonexecutive function) scores were negatively correlated with both self-reported antisocial behavior and aggression in males but not females. Our findings suggest that prefrontal deficits among male athletes could contribute to poor impulse control and difficulty in anticipating the consequences of their antisocial and aggressive behavior.

Independence and interplay between maternal and child risk factors for preschool problem behaviors?

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Hughes ◽  
Rosie Ensor
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Emotion Understanding ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Child Problem Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the independence and interplay between cognitive risk factors (poor executive function/emotion understanding) and maternal risk factors (low education/high depression) for preschool problem behaviors, indexed by multi-measure, multi-informant (mother/teacher/ researcher) ratings. A socio-economically diverse sample of 235 children (131 boys, 104 girls; mean age = 4.25 years) completed five executive-function tasks and four emotion-understanding tasks. Controlling for effects of gender, verbal ability and maternal education, individual differences in child problem behavior scores showed significant independent associations with executive dysfunction, emotion understanding and maternal depression. For girls, low maternal education amplified the relationship between executive dysfunction and problem behaviors. In addition, executive dysfunction mediated the relationship between maternal depression and problem behaviors; both executive dysfunction and poor emotion understanding mediated the relationship between low maternal education and problem behaviors. These results demonstrate the cumulative and complex nature of risk for preschool problem behaviors.

Executive Dysfunction Predicts Delinquency But Not Characteristics of Sexual Aggression Among Adolescent Sexual Offenders

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 707-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Burton ◽  
Sophia Demuynck ◽  
Jamie R. Yoder
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
Sexual Crime ◽  
Adolescent Sexual Offenders ◽  
Abuse Severity ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

Our aim in this study was to evaluate executive function and its relationship to delinquency and sexual crime in adolescents incarcerated for sexual crimes. Based on self-report data, 196 male adolescent sexual offenders from a Midwest state reported high rates of executive dysfunction. Although such deficits did not relate to the number of victims of sexual abuse, severity, or degree of force used in commission of the sexual crimes, poor executive function was significantly predictive of both general delinquency and felony theft. In both measures of delinquent conduct, behavioral regulation dysfunction was predictive of the frequency of commission of the crimes, whereas metacognition was not. Research and treatment implications are offered.

scholarly journals Laterality of the frontal aslant tract (FAT) explains externalizing behaviors through its association with executive function

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dea Garic ◽  
Iris Broce ◽  
Paulo Graziano ◽  
Aaron Mattfeld ◽  
Anthony Steven Dick
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Externalizing Behaviors ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Frontal Aslant Tract

AbstractWe investigated the development of a recently-identified white matter pathway, the frontal aslant tract (FAT) and its association to executive function and externalizing behaviors in a sample of 129 neurotypical children ranging in age from 7 months to 19-years. We found that the FAT could be tracked in 92% of those children, and that the pathway showed age-related differences into adulthood. The change in white matter microstructure was very rapid until about 6-years, and then plateaued, only to show age-related increases again after the age of 11-years. In a subset of those children (5-18-years; n = 70), left laterality of the microstructural properties of the FAT was associated with greater attention problems as measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). However, this relationship was fully mediated by higher executive dysfunction as measured by the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). This relationship was specific to the FAT—we found no relationship between laterality of the white matter of the brain in general and attention problems, or executive function. These findings suggest that the degree to which the developing brain favors a right lateralized structural dominance of the FAT is directly associated with executive function and attention. This novel finding provides a new potential structural biomarker to assess attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and associated executive dysfunction during development.Significance StatementTo investigate the function of a recently-identified white matter fiber pathway, the frontal aslant tract (FAT), we tracked the pathway in 129 typically developing children using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). We then examined whether laterality of the tract is associated with attention problems and executive function. We found that reduced right laterality of the tract was associated with greater executive dysfunction, which predicted increased reports of attention problems. The findings suggest that the degree to which the developing brain favors a right lateralized structural dominance of the FAT is directly associated with executive function and attention. This novel finding provides a new potential structural biomarker to assess attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and associated executive dysfunction during development.

scholarly journals Inhibitory and Emotional Control Deficits as Mediators between Protective Factors and Symptoms of Problem Behaviors in Delinquency

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S10) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavior Rating Inventory ◽  
Planning Decision ◽  
Rule Breaking ◽  
Psychological Instruments ◽  
The Impact

Much research has examined the role of inhibitory and emotional controls in the educational setting with an emphasis on learning and coaching. However, they underestimate the effect and role of inhibitory and emotional controls in delinquent behaviors. Therefore, the current study examined the impact of inhibitory and emotional controls as mediators between protective factors and symptoms of problem behaviors. Respondents of the survey consisted of 404 delinquents convicted of several crimes such as armed robbery, drug trafficking, and drug use, gang fights, rape, homicide, and out of control behaviors. Three psychological instruments; Developmental Assets Questionnaire-Malaysian Version (DAQ-MV), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function- Self Report (BRIEF-SR) and Achenbach System of Empirical Behavior Assessment- Youth Self-Report (ASEBA-YSR) were used to collect data. The result showed that there was no evidence that planning/decision making influenced rule-breaking behavior independent of its effect on inhibitory and emotional controls (c’ = -.113, p = .062). On the contrary, there was evidence that resistance skill/resilience influenced rule-breaking behavior independently of its effect on inhibitory and emotional controls (c’ = -.204, p = .000). Morality and religiosity also have been found to influence rule-breaking behavior independently of its effect on inhibitory and emotional controls (c’ = -.231, p = .000). The results contributed to an enhancement of early prevention strategy based on executive function, especially in institutions like prison and rehabilitation school

scholarly journals Severity of anabolic steroid dependence, executive function, and personality traits in substance use disorder patients in Norway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan Scarth ◽  
Ingrid Amalia Havnes ◽  
Marie L. Jørstad ◽  
Jim McVeigh ◽  
Marie-Claire Van Hout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Steroid Dependence

Background: Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), including testosterone and synthetic derivatives, are typically used to increase muscle mass. Many users develop a dependence on these substances, contributing to worsened physical and mental health outcomes. Aspects of personality and executive dysfunction may represent underlying vulnerabilities for developing dependence.Objective: To identify levels of AAS dependence within substance use disorder (SUD) treatment patients and assess the relationship between dependence severity and personality traits and executive function (EF).Methods: Data were collected from patients at 38 SUD treatment facilities in Norway. Questionnaires were completed for measures of personality and EF. Measures of symptoms of AAS dependence were used in latent class analysis to identify sub-groups of patients, which were evaluated for association with EF and personality traits, and compared with a group of non-AAS using SUD patients. Results: Three classes were identified; largely reflecting low, moderate, and high symptoms of dependence. Multinomial regression analyses indicated that moderate and high symptoms were associated with several measures of EF and personality traits, particularly antagonism, disinhibition, psychoticism, and relational capacities, while users with low symptoms exhibited higher capacities for emotional control and shift, and lower negative affectivity, relative to non-AAS using SUD patients. Backward stepwise regressions indicated antagonism, and decreased self-monitoring as key personality and cognitive characteristics of SUD patients with severe AAS dependence.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that specific executive dysfunctions and personality features, particularly those associated with poor emotional control, reduced empathy, and impulsivity are associated with more severe AAS dependence in the SUD population.

Camouflaging in non-autistic adults is associated with poorer mental health

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Somerville ◽  
Sarah E. MacPherson ◽  
Sue Fletcher-Watson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
Autistic Adults ◽  
The Relationship

Camouflaging is a frequently reported behaviour in autistic people, which entails the use of strategies to compensate for and mask autistic traits in social situations. Camouflaging is associated with poor mental health in autistic people. This study examined the manifestation of camouflaging in a non-autistic sample, examining the relationship between autistic traits, camouflaging, and mental health. In addition, the role of executive functions as a mechanism underpinning camouflaging was explored. Sixty-three non-autistic adults completed standardised self-report questionnaires which measured: autistic traits, mental health symptoms, and camouflaging behaviours. In addition, a subset (n=51) completed three tests of executive function measuring inhibition, working memory, and set-shifting. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyse data. Results indicated that autistic traits are not associated with mental health symptoms when controlling for camouflaging, and camouflaging predicted increased mental health symptoms. Camouflaging did not correlate with any measure of executive function. These findings have implications for understanding the relationship between autistic traits and mental health in non-autistic people and add to the growing development of theory and knowledge about the mechanism and effects of camouflaging.

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