Independence and interplay between maternal and child risk factors for preschool problem behaviors?

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Hughes ◽  
Rosie Ensor
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Emotion Understanding ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Child Problem Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the independence and interplay between cognitive risk factors (poor executive function/emotion understanding) and maternal risk factors (low education/high depression) for preschool problem behaviors, indexed by multi-measure, multi-informant (mother/teacher/ researcher) ratings. A socio-economically diverse sample of 235 children (131 boys, 104 girls; mean age = 4.25 years) completed five executive-function tasks and four emotion-understanding tasks. Controlling for effects of gender, verbal ability and maternal education, individual differences in child problem behavior scores showed significant independent associations with executive dysfunction, emotion understanding and maternal depression. For girls, low maternal education amplified the relationship between executive dysfunction and problem behaviors. In addition, executive dysfunction mediated the relationship between maternal depression and problem behaviors; both executive dysfunction and poor emotion understanding mediated the relationship between low maternal education and problem behaviors. These results demonstrate the cumulative and complex nature of risk for preschool problem behaviors.

scholarly journals A-042 Incongruence Between Self- and Parent- Report Measures of Executive Function on the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) in Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 832-832
Author(s):  
Garagozzo A ◽  
Hunter S ◽  
Smith D
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Database ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Behavior Rating Inventory ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective Research has demonstrated that adolescents with ADHD show executive dysfunction, although they do not always endorse such difficulties. We investigated inter-rater agreement between parent- and self-reported executive function (EF) in adolescents with ADHD, using the BRIEF. We also sought to investigate the relationship between scores on parent and self-report EF measures with performance on objective EF measures. Method Utilizing a clinical database, we identified 75 participants (13-17 years; Mage = 14.9; 60% male; 27% African American, 63% White, 3% Hispanic, 7% Other) with a diagnosis of ADHD. We examined inter-rater reliability between parent and self-reported factors on the BRIEF. We then examined the association between parent and self-report BRIEF Inhibition scores and the D-KEFS Color Word Interference (CWI) Inhibition trial, and parent and self-report BRIEF Shift scores and the D-KEFS CWI Inhibition/Switching trial and Trails Letter Number Sequencing trial. Results Significant associations were found between parent and self-ratings on BRIEF Inhibition (ICC = .22; 95% CI = -.24-.50), Shift (ICC = .24; 95% CI = -.21-.52), Emotional Control (ICC = .45, 95% CI = .137-.655), Plan/Organize (ICC = -.143; 95% CI = -.81–28), and Working Memory (ICC = -.193; 95% CI = -.89-.25) subscales. Correlation comparisons were significant for BRIEF self-report Inhibition and CWI Inhibition (r(73) = −.405, p = .000) only. Conclusion Results support standing findings regarding poor interrater reliability between parent and self-ratings of daily executive functioning in adolescents with ADHD. Self-report was seen to correlate with performance on objective EF tasks. Clinically, these results highlight the need for multidimensional assessment of ADHD in adolescents.

The Chasm in Neonatal Outcomes in Relation to Time of Birth in Lebanon

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Kurdahi Badr ◽  
Bahia Abdallah ◽  
Sossi Balian ◽  
Hala Tamim ◽  
Mirvat Hawari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Units ◽  
Maternal Risk Factors ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the time of birth and the mortality and morbidity of infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units.Design:This prospective, cohort study examined the records of women and infants admitted to the NICUs of four hospitals in Beirut, Lebanon, between July 1, 2002, and June 30, 2003. The hospitals selected were university affiliated and had a large number of deliveries (5,152 total for the year 2002–2003).Main Outcome Variables:Neonatal mortality and morbidity for infants admitted to the NICU were evaluated in relation to time of birth.Results:For the whole sample, mortality was higher for infants born during the night shift than for those born during the day shift. Mortality, morbidity, and brain asphyxia rates were also higher for infants born during the night shift and admitted to the NICU. Maternal risk factors and delivery complications were not consistently higher on the night shift.

scholarly journals Maternal Risk Factors Associated with Low Birth Weight in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 376-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issara Siramaneerat ◽  
Farid Agushybana ◽  
Yaowaluck Meebunmak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Pregnancy Complication ◽  
Maternal Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Logistic Analysis

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major risk factor for death and disease in the fetus and newborn infant. However, the study about LBW and maternal risk factors involved in Indonesia is still limited. Objective: The present study attempted to examine the association of maternal risk factors including mother’s age, mother and husband education, mother and husband occupation and wealth, ANC visit, desired pregnancy and obstetric complication toward the occurrence of low birth weight infant across region and family wealthy. Methods: This study employed the data from the national survey of Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The latest births from married women who gave birth within 2 years (2011 and 2012) preceding the IDHS were considered as sample selection. It was approximately 15,126 respondents. The predicted risks of low birth weight were estimated using multilevel logistic analysis. Results: Data were collected on 15,126 pregnant women who reported 10.2% were with LBW infants. When using the multilevel logistic analysis, the factors associated with LBW were maternal delivery-baby age, mother’s education, antenatal care and pregnancy complication at significant levels of 0.01. Conclusion: The prevalence of preterm infants in this study was quite high. Factors affecting LBW were maternal age, maternal education, ANC visits and pregnancy complication. The ANC visit of pregnant women is a potential and feasible activity to reduce the incidence of LBW.

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome and Physical Performance: The Moderating Role of Cognition among Middle-to-Older-Aged Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Elisa F. Ogawa ◽  
Elizabeth Leritz ◽  
Regina McGlinchey ◽  
William Milberg ◽  
Jonathan F. Bean
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Explicit Memory ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Mobility Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective: Mobility limitation and cognitive decline are related. Metabolic syndrome (MetS), the clustering of three or more cardiovascular risk factors, is associated with decline in both mobility and cognition. However, the interrelationship among MetS, mobility, and cognition is unknown. This study investigated a proposed pathway where cognition moderates the relationship between MetS and Mobility. Method: Adults ages 45–90 years were recruited. MetS risk factors and mobility performance (Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and gait speed) were evaluated. Cognition was assessed using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. A factor analysis of neuropsychological test scores yielded three factors: executive function, explicit memory, and semantic/contextual memory. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the relationship among MetS, mobility, and cognition. Results: Of the 74 participants (average age 61 ± 9 years; 41% female; 69% White), 27 (36%) participants manifested MetS. Mean SPPB score was 10.9 ± 1.2 out of 12 and gait speed was 1.0 ± 0.2 m/s. There were no statistically significant differences in mobility by MetS status. However, increase in any one of the MetS risk factors was associated with decreased mobility performance after adjusting for age and gender (SPPB score: β (SE) -.17 (0.08), p < .05; gait speed: -.03 (.01), p < .01). Further adjusting for cognitive factors (SPPB score: explicit memory .31 (.14), p = .03; executive function 0.45 (0.13), p < .01; gait speed: explicit memory 0.04 (0.02), p = .03; executive function 0.06 (0.02), p < .01) moderated the relationships between number of metabolic risk factors and mobility. Conclusion: The relationship between metabolic risk factors and mobility may be moderated by cognitive performance, specifically through executive function and explicit memory.

Apathy and executive function in Alzheimer's disease

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSAN McPHERSON ◽  
LYNN FAIRBANKS ◽  
SIBEL TIKEN ◽  
JEFFREY L. CUMMINGS ◽  
CARLA BACK-MADRUGA
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Behavior Rating Scale ◽  
Interference Test ◽  
The Relationship

Apathy is a common behavioral disturbance in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies have linked the presence of apathy to alterations in frontal lobe functions, but few studies have explored the relationship using standard neuropsychological measures in patients with AD. We administered a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests and a behavior rating scale to 80 patients with AD. We explored the relationship of apathy to executive dysfunction. AD patients with apathy performed significantly worse on tests of executive function (WAIS–R Digit Symbol, Trail-Making, Stroop Color Interference Test) than AD patients without apathy. The presence of dysphoria did not modify these results and no significant relationships were found between tests of executive functions and dysphoria. Performance on executive measures as a group were effective in correctly classifying patients as apathetic or nonapathetic with 75% accuracy. Neuropsychological measures not dependent on executive functions were unrelated to apathy. Apathy is associated with executive dysfunction and not with other neuropsychological deficits. Apathy is distinct from dysphoria. (JINS, 2002, 8, 373–381.)

scholarly journals Microstructural degeneration and cerebrovascular risk burden underlying executive dysfunction after stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Veldsman ◽  
Emilio Werden ◽  
Natalia Egorova ◽  
Mohamed Salah Khlif ◽  
Amy Brodtmann
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Cerebrovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebrovascular Risk

Abstract Executive dysfunction affects 40% of stroke patients, but is poorly predicted by characteristics of the stroke itself. Stroke typically occurs on a background of cerebrovascular burden, which impacts cognition and brain network structural integrity. We used structural equation modelling to investigate whether measures of white matter microstructural integrity (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity) and cerebrovascular risk factors better explain executive dysfunction than markers of stroke severity. 126 stroke patients (mean age 68.4 years) were scanned three months post-stroke and compared to 40 age- and sex-matched control participants on neuropsychological measures of executive function. Executive function was below what would be expected for age and education level in stroke patients as measured by the organizational components of the Rey Complex Figure Test, F(3,155) = 17, R2 = 0.25, p < 0.001 (group significant predictor at p < 0.001) and the Trail-Making Test (B), F(3,157) = 3.70, R2 = 0.07, p < 0.01 (group significant predictor at p < 0.001). A multivariate structural equation model illustrated the complex relationship between executive function, white matter integrity, stroke characteristics and cerebrovascular risk (root mean square error of approximation = 0.02). Pearson’s correlations confirmed a stronger relationship between executive dysfunction and white matter integrity (r = − 0.74, p < 0.001), than executive dysfunction and stroke severity (r = 0.22, p < 0.01). The relationship between executive function and white matter integrity is mediated by cerebrovascular burden. White matter microstructural degeneration of the superior longitudinal fasciculus in the executive control network better explains executive dysfunction than markers of stroke severity. Executive dysfunction and incident stroke can be both considered manifestations of cerebrovascular risk factors.

scholarly journals Sex differences in the relationship between social difficulties and executive dysfunction in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonje Torske ◽  
Terje Nærland ◽  
Daniel S. Quintana ◽  
Ruth Elizabeth Hypher ◽  
Anett Kaale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in boys is nearly four times higher than in girls, and the causes of this sex difference are not fully known. Difficulties in executive function may be involved in development of autistic symptomatology. Here we investigated sex differences in the relationship between executive function in everyday life and social dysfunction symptoms in a sample of 116 children (25 girls) aged 5-19 years with IQ above 70 and with a diagnosis of ASD. They were assessed with the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and the Autism Diagnostic Interview Revised (ADI-R). We found no significant differences in BRIEF or ADI-R scores between girls and boys after correcting for multiple testing. Nested linear regression models revealed significant sex differences in the relationship between executive function and both reciprocal social interaction (p<0.001) and communication (p=0.001) over and above the main effects of age, sex, IQ and comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis. We did not find sex differences in the relationship between executive dysfunction and restricted and repetitive behaviors. Altogether, our results provide a greater understanding of the sex-specific characteristics of ASD and may suggest that boys and girls can benefit from different intervention strategies.

scholarly journals Parasite and maternal risk factors for malnutrition in preschool-age children in Belen, Peru using the new WHO Child Growth Standards

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1259-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Casapía ◽  
Serene A. Joseph ◽  
Carmen Núñez ◽  
Elham Rahme ◽  
Theresa W. Gyorkos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Preschool Age Children ◽  
Maternal Bmi

Child malnutrition, including wasting, underweight and stunting, is associated with infections, poor nutrient intake, and environmental and socio-demographic factors. Preschool-age children are especially vulnerable due to their high growth requirements. To target interventions for preschool-age children in a community of extreme poverty in Peru, we conducted a household survey between October 2005 and January 2006 to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and its risk factors. Of 252 children < 5 years old, the prevalence of wasting, underweight and stunting was 26·6, 28·6 and 32·1 %, respectively, based on the new WHO Child Growth Standards. Risk factors for wasting were: (1) moderate–high intensity Trichuris infection (OR 2·50; 95 % CI 1·06, 5·93); (2) hookworm infection (OR 6·67; 95 % CI 1·08, 41·05); (3) age (OR6-month 1·27; 95 % CI 1·11, 1·46); (4) maternal education (secondary incomplete) (OR 5·77; 95 % CI 2·38, 13·99); and (5) decreasing maternal BMI (OR1 kg/m2 1·12; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·23). Risk factors for underweight were: (1) moderate–high intensity Trichuris infection (OR 4·74; 95 % CI 1·99, 11·32); (2) age (OR6-month 1·22; 95 % CI 1·07, 1·38); (3) maternal education (secondary incomplete) (OR 2·92; 95 % CI 1·40, 6·12); and (4) decreasing maternal BMI (OR1 kg/m2 1·11; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·21). Risk factors for stunting were: (1) age (OR6-month 1·14; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·27) and (2) decreasing maternal height (OR1 cm 1·12; 95 % CI 1·06, 1·20). Overall, risk factors for malnutrition included both child and maternal determinants. Based on these data, locally appropriate and cost-effective dietary, de-worming and educational programmes should be targeted to mothers and preschool-age children.

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