Evaluation of Occupational Exposure to Xylene in Petroleum Workers by Assessing Urinary Methyl Hippuric Acid and Cellular changes of Exfoliated Epithelial Cells in Buccal Mucosa Smears

Xylene is an important component of petrol and a widely distributed environmental contaminant. About 98% of Xylene is derived from the petrochemical and petroleum refining industries. When human get expose to xylene, which is one of the major Geno toxicants, may be associated with a range of acute/chronic diseases and cancer still literature is not available. Taking into our mind that occupational exposure to such derivatives may possess genotoxic risk or not. Hence our study aims to investigate and correlate the cellular changes in exfoliated oral epithelial cells oral smears with urinary methyl hippuric acid level estimation in petrol pump workers and to identify the significant role of xylene on oral mucosa. Materials and Methods: Urine samples and oral buccal mucosa smears were collected from 30 healthy individual (control) and 30 petroleum pump workers (case) working in petroleum station who are above 18 years of age. The urine was collected before exposure/work shift and after completion of work shift. The urinary methyl hippuric acid (MHA) level was analyzed by using Shimadzu UV-Visible Spectrophotometer procedure. The smeared slides were stained with PAP stain and analyses the cytomorphometric changes of exfoliated epithelial cells by using Axio Vision SE64 Rel 4.9.1. Ink Software. Results: The urinary Methyl hippuric acid level was substantially higher in cases than in controls (p<0.001). The Micronuclei (MN) frequency was drastically increased in cases than in controls and was statistically highly significant (P<0.0001). The frequency of MN gradually increased along with increased urinary MHA level in petroleum pump workers (case).

Download Full-text

Immune Tolerance in the Oral Mucosa

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222212149 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (22) ◽

pp. 12149

Author(s):

Hector F. Pelaez-Prestel ◽

Jose L. Sanchez-Trincado ◽

Esther M. Lafuente ◽

Pedro A. Reche

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Oral Mucosa ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Commensal Bacteria ◽

First Line ◽

Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽

Oral Epithelial Cells ◽

A Site ◽

Oral Epithelial

The oral mucosa is a site of intense immune activity, where a large variety of immune cells meet to provide a first line of defense against pathogenic organisms. Interestingly, the oral mucosa is exposed to a plethora of antigens from food and commensal bacteria that must be tolerated. The mechanisms that enable this tolerance are not yet fully defined. Many works have focused on active immune mechanisms involving dendritic and regulatory T cells. However, epithelial cells also make a major contribution to tolerance by influencing both innate and adaptive immunity. Therefore, the tolerogenic mechanisms concurring in the oral mucosa are intertwined. Here, we review them systematically, paying special attention to the role of oral epithelial cells.

Download Full-text

Potential role of high molecular weight hyaluronan in the anti-Candidaactivity of human oral epithelial cells

Medical Mycology ◽

10.1080/13693780601039607 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 73-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Akiyoshi Sakai ◽

Sumio Akifusa ◽

Naoki Itano ◽

Koji Kimata ◽

Taro Kawamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

High Molecular Weight ◽

Potential Role ◽

Oral Epithelial Cells ◽

Oral Epithelial

Download Full-text

Role of OmpA2 surface regions ofPorphyromonas gingivalisin host-pathogen interactions with oral epithelial cells

MicrobiologyOpen ◽

10.1002/mbo3.401 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. e00401 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kathryn L. Naylor ◽

Magdalena Widziolek ◽

Stuart Hunt ◽

Mary Conolly ◽

Matthew Hicks ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Host Pathogen Interactions ◽

Oral Epithelial Cells ◽

Host Pathogen ◽

Oral Epithelial

Download Full-text

The role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in adhesion of oral epithelial cells to titanium

Archives of Oral Biology ◽

10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.07.013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 58 (11) ◽

pp. 1696-1708 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ikiru Atsuta ◽

Yasunori Ayukawa ◽

Takayoshi Yamaza ◽

Akihiro Furuhashi ◽

Kiyoshi Koyano

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Oral Epithelial Cells ◽

Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase ◽

Oral Epithelial

Download Full-text

Potential role of Candida albicans secreted aspartic protease 9 in serum induced-hyphal formation and interaction with oral epithelial cells

Microbial Pathogenesis ◽

10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103896 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 139 ◽

pp. 103896

Author(s):

Haiping Yang ◽

Peter Chiu Shun Tsang ◽

Edmond Ho Nang Pow ◽

Otto Lok Tao Lam ◽

Paul Wai-Kei Tsang

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Potential Role ◽

Aspartic Protease ◽

Oral Epithelial Cells ◽

Hyphal Formation ◽

Oral Epithelial

Download Full-text

Reduced Salivary Mucin Binding and Glycosylation in Older Adults Influences Taste in an In Vitro Cell Model

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11102280 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2280 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Rose-Anna G. Pushpass ◽

Nicola Pellicciotta ◽

Charles Kelly ◽

Gordon Proctor ◽

Guy H. Carpenter

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Taste Receptor ◽

Receptor Activation ◽

Oral Epithelium ◽

Younger Adults ◽

Oral Epithelial Cells ◽

Salivary Mucin ◽

Oral Epithelial

Background: Taste loss is a significant problem in older adults, affecting quality of life and nutrition. Altered salivary rheology and loss of mucin function may contribute to taste loss by reducing mucosal defences in the oral cavity, impairing sensitivity to oral stimulants. This study aimed to investigate the effects of salivary rheology on taste loss in ageing. Salivary mucin glycosylation and binding to the oral epithelium was investigated in older and younger adults. A cell-based model was utilised to consider the role of saliva in taste loss. Methods: Human subjects aged >60 years (n = 25) and 18–30 (n = 30) provided saliva samples which were analysed for viscosity, mucin composition and mucin binding to oral epithelial cells (TR146/MUC1). Oral epithelial cells (TR146/MUC1 and SCC090) provided models for taste receptor activation. Results: Reduced levels and sialylation of MUC7 were evident in saliva of older adults which may lead to reduced viscoelasticity, while viscosity is unaffected. Impaired muco-adhesion of saliva from older adults was also observed. Saliva from older adults facilitated the bitter taste receptor activation less well than saliva from younger adults. The causes of taste dysfunction in older adults are unknown, but this study supports a role of saliva in facilitating the activation of taste receptors.

Download Full-text

IL-27 Modulates Chemokine Production in TNF-α -Stimulated Human Oral Epithelial Cells

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1159/000481760 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 1198-1206 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yoshitaka Hosokawa ◽

Ikuko Hosokawa ◽

Kazumi Ozaki ◽

Takashi Matsuo

Keyword(s):

Signal Transduction ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Chemokine Production ◽

Oral Epithelial Cells ◽

Phosphorylation Level ◽

Stat3 Phosphorylation ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Oral Epithelial

Background/Aims: Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a cytokine which belongs to the IL-12 family. However, the role of IL-27 in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease is uncertain. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of IL-27 on chemokine production in TNF-α-stimulated human oral epithelial cells (TR146). Methods: We measured chemokine production in TR146 by ELISA. We used western blot analysis to detect the phosphorylation levels of signal transduction molecules, including STAT1 and STAT3 in TR146. We used inhibitors to examine the role of STAT1 and STAT3 activation. Results: IL-27 increased CXCR3 ligands production in TNF-α-stimulated TR146. Meanwhile, IL-27 suppressed IL-8 and CCL20 production induced by TNF-α. STAT1 phosphorylation level in IL-27 and TNF-α-stimulated TR146 was enhanced in comparison to TNF-α-stimulated TR146. STAT3 phosphorylation level in IL-27-treated TR146 did not change by TNF-α. Both STAT1 inhibitor and STAT3 inhibitor decreased CXCR3 ligands production. STAT1 inhibitor overrode the inhibitory effect of IL-27 on IL-8 and CCL20 production in TNF-α-stimulated TR146. Meanwhile, STAT3 inhibitor did not modulate IL-8 and CCL20 production. Conclusion: IL-27 might control leukocyte migration in periodontal lesion by modulating chemokine production from epithelial cells.

Download Full-text