scholarly journals A Proposed DNA Postfix Hiding Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 12047-12051
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Biological Structure ◽  
Hide Data

Process of sending data through the Internet is vulnerable to tampering and theft, so protection has become a necessity. Many solutions have proposed to solve this problem in order to protect the sending data and conceal them in a way that cannot be penetrated or proven by nature. The paper proposes a method to hide data in a Deoxy ribonucleic acid (DNA) using Postfix conversion according to the embedded bits. The method has proved its security in concealing the information, not predicting its nature, and preserving the biological structure of the DNA sequence.

A Survey of Information Hiding

2011 ◽  
pp. 241-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hassan Shirali-Shahreza ◽  
Mohammad Shirali-Shahreza
Keyword(s):  
Information Hiding ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Text Steganography ◽  
Hide Data ◽  
Audio Video

Establishing hidden communication is an important subject of discussion that has gained increasing importance recently, particularly with the development of the Internet. One of the methods introduced for establishing hidden communication is Steganography. Steganography is a method to hide data in a cover media so that other persons will not notice that such data is there. In this chapter steganography is introduced and its history is described. Then the major steganography methods include image, audio, video, and text steganography are reviewed.

scholarly journals A systematic overview of secure image steganography

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Bakhan Tofiq Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Image Steganography ◽  
Advanced Encryption Standard ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Hide Data ◽  
High Security Level ◽  
Concealed Information

<p>Information is a vitalthing that needs to be secured and well protected during transmission between two or more parties over the internet. This can be achieved by steganography technology. Steganography is the concealing science in which the information is concealed inside other information in a way that the concealed information cannot be detectable by the human eye. Many ways are available to hide data inside a cover media for example text, image, and audio steganography, but image steganography is the most utilized technique among the others. Secure image steganography has a high-security level than traditional technique by combining steganography with cryptography due to encrypting secret information by cryptography algorithm before embedding it into the cover media by steganography algorithm. In this paper,a systematic review has been presented about secure image steganography and its renowned types. Many researchers proposed secure image steganography by using various cryptography and steganography algorithms which have been reviewed. The least significant bit ‘LSB’ was the renowned steganography algorithm which has been used by researchers due to its simplicity, while various cryptography algorithms like advanced encryption standard (AES) and blowfishhave been used to propose secure image steganography in the reviewed papers. The comparison among the reviewed papers indicated that the LSB with hash-RSA gave a greater peak signal-noise ratio ‘PSNR’ value than the others which was 74.0189 dB.</p>

scholarly journals DNA Sequence Based Cryptographic Solution for Secure Image Transmission

Cryptography ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 48-71
Author(s):  
Grasha Jacob ◽  
Murugan Annamalai
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Encryption Scheme ◽  
Unauthorized Access ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
Encryption Schemes ◽  
Secure Transmission

With the advent of electronic transactions, images transmitted across the internet must be protected and prevented from unauthorized access. Various encryption schemes have been developed to make information intelligible only to the intended user. This chapter proposes an encryption scheme based on DNA sequences enabling secure transmission of images.

DNA Sequence Based Cryptographic Solution for Secure Image Transmission

2016 ◽  
pp. 505-527
Author(s):  
Grasha Jacob ◽  
Murugan Annamalai
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Encryption Scheme ◽  
Unauthorized Access ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
Encryption Schemes ◽  
Secure Transmission

With the advent of electronic transactions, images transmitted across the internet must be protected and prevented from unauthorized access. Various encryption schemes have been developed to make information intelligible only to the intended user. This chapter proposes an encryption scheme based on DNA sequences enabling secure transmission of images.

scholarly journals DNAlogo: a smart mini application for generating DNA sequence logos

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yabin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Sequence Logo ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Graphic Interface ◽  
Consensus Sequences ◽  
Sequence Logos ◽  
Programming Knowledge ◽  
Gc Contents

AbstractSequence logos are frequently used for presenting consensus sequences and motifs of nucleic acids and proteins. WebLogo of UC Berkeley is the most popular tool for creating sequence logos, whereas, it is often restricted by the internet speed in some developing countries and no graphic interface for its stand-alone version. Here, the author generated an application, DNAlogo, using VB.net, which runs in Windows system. DNAlogo is small and convenient. It creates both bitmap and vector map. Beside the classic sequence logo function, DNAlogo introduced compensated logo to generate consensus sequences considering different GC contents of different genomes. DNAlogo provides a simple way for researchers without programming knowledge to create DNA sequence logos.

Observation of biological macromolecules using various electron microscopic methods

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-171
Author(s):  
Mitsuo Ohtsuki ◽  
Michael Sogard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Biological Structure ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Structural Investigations ◽  
Staining Techniques

Structural investigations of biological macromolecules commonly employ CTEM with negative staining techniques. Difficulties in valid image interpretation arise, however, due to problems such as variability in thickness and degree of penetration of the staining agent, noise from the supporting film, and artifacts from defocus phase contrast effects. In order to determine the effects of these variables on biological structure, as seen by the electron microscope, negative stained macromolecules of high density lipoprotein-3 (HDL3) from human serum were analyzed with both CTEM and STEM, and results were then compared with CTEM micrographs of freeze-etched HDL3. In addition, we altered the structure of this molecule by digesting away its phospholipid component with phospholipase A2 and look for consistent changes in structure.

Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of the Cell Surface

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 36-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toichiro Kuwabara
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Fluid ◽  
Biological Application ◽  
Biological Structure ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Surface Appearance ◽  
Minute Amount ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
True Structure ◽  
Scanning Electron

Although scanning electron microscopy has a great potential in biological application, there are certain limitations in visualization of the biological structure. Satisfactory techniques to demonstrate natural surfaces of the tissue and the cell have been reported by several investigators. However, it is commonly found that the surface cell membrane is covered with a minute amount of mucin, secretory substance or tissue fluid as physiological, pathological or artefactual condition. These substances give a false surface appearance, especially when the tissue is fixed with strong fixatives. It seems important to remove these coating substances from the surface of the cell for demonstration of the true structure.

The High Resolution Appearance of Biological Substrates

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Glen B. Haydon
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Phase Image ◽  
Biological Structure ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Discrete Structures ◽  
Large Phase ◽  
Biological Substrates ◽  
High Resolution Electron Micrographs

High resolution electron microscopic study of negatively stained macromolecules and thin sections of tissue embedded in a variety of media are difficult to interpret because of the superimposed phase image granularity. Although all of the information concerning the biological structure of interest may be present in a defocused electron micrograph, the high contrast of large phase image granules produced by the substrate makes it impossible to distinguish the phase ‘points’ from discrete structures of the same dimensions. Theory predicts the findings; however, it does not allow an appreciation of the actual appearance of the image under various conditions. Therefore, though perhaps trivial, training of the cheapest computer produced by mass labor has been undertaken in order to learn to appreciate the factors which affect the appearance of the background in high resolution electron micrographs.

Removal of inelastically scattered electrons substantially increases phase contrast on frozen-hydrated molecules

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 652-653
Author(s):  
John P. Langmore ◽  
Brian D. Athey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Biological Structure ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Negative Stain ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

Although electron diffraction indicates better than 0.3nm preservation of biological structure in vitreous ice, the imaging of molecules in ice is limited by low contrast. Thus, low-dose images of frozen-hydrated molecules have significantly more noise than images of air-dried or negatively-stained molecules. We have addressed the question of the origins of this loss of contrast. One unavoidable effect is the reduction in scattering contrast between a molecule and the background. In effect, the difference in scattering power between a molecule and its background is 2-5 times less in a layer of ice than in vacuum or negative stain. A second, previously unrecognized, effect is the large, incoherent background of inelastic scattering from the ice. This background reduces both scattering and phase contrast by an additional factor of about 3, as shown in this paper. We have used energy filtration on the Zeiss EM902 in order to eliminate this second effect, and also increase scattering contrast in bright-field and dark-field.

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