scholarly journals Low-income housing provision: between governmental interventions and informal settlements

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Hussaen Ali Hasan Kahachi ◽  
Alison Brown
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Housing Provision ◽  
Low Cost Housing

Low-cost housing, so-called affordable housing, is an important subject as it affects many aspects of people's well-being and city planning. The urban poor, who form a respectable percentage of cities' residents in many developing countries, are the most affected segment by the availability and affordability of housing. Governments often try their best to provide affordable housing through housing interventions and programs. However, many low-income people end up in informal settlements including slums and squatter settlements. This research analyzes state-led low-cost housing initiatives compared to informal affordable housing in developing countries. The importance of this research is mainly associated with understanding how governmental housing initiatives and laws affect the housing preferences of the urban poor. The research starts by providing a brief background about the subject and its importance from the literature. The research uses mixed methods approach and a case study of Greater Cairo Region following the massive migration during the period between the 1980s and the 2000s to provide an in-depth understanding of the situation. The research then analyzes/discusses some housing initiatives, and uses both quantitative/qualitative data in order to explain potential malpractice and issues. Finally, the research will highlight the key findings and provide some recommendations for change/improvement.

scholarly journals COMBATING SQUATTERS IN MALAYSIA: DO WE HAVE ADEQUATE POLICIES AS INSTRUMENT?

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusfida Ayu Abdullah ◽  
Julieven Nonoi Kuek ◽  
Hazlina Hamdan ◽  
Farrah Lyana Mohd Zulkifli
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
National Plan ◽  
Housing Provision ◽  
The Public ◽  
Low Income Groups ◽  
Low Cost Housing ◽  
The Government

The year 2014 had witnessed the scenario where most of the states in Malaysia pledged to declare themselves as Zero Squatter state. Thus far, most of the states in Malaysia are still striving to achieve the goal. The government has therefore aspires to reach the target by the year 2020. The Malaysian government under its 5-years National Plan has since introduced the low, medium and high cost housing categories. The housing policy was therefore designed to provide the public of all income levels, particularly the low-income groups, with affordable housing as part of an effort to eradicate squatters. However, despite the various policies, the number of squatter families remains large, especially in the urban areas. This paper therefore, intends to examine the instruments put forward by the government to eliminate squatters and assess the roles of related parties assigned to achieve the government’s mission. Through a qualitative approach, results demonstrated that Malaysia has various types of polices and guidance at both the federal and state levels in relation to low-cost housing provision. These would have supposed to help reduce the number of squatters in the country. However, to date, Malaysia is still experiencing problems with squatters. This calls for further investigation.

scholarly journals COMBATING SQUATTERS IN MALAYSIA: DO WE HAVE ADEQUATE POLICIES AS INSTRUMENT?

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusfida Ayu Abdullah ◽  
Julieven Nonoi Kuek ◽  
Hazlina Hamdan ◽  
Farrah Lyana Mohd Zulkifli
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
National Plan ◽  
Housing Provision ◽  
The Public ◽  
Low Income Groups ◽  
Low Cost Housing ◽  
The Government

The year 2014 had witnessed the scenario where most of the states in Malaysia pledged to declare themselves as Zero Squatter state. Thus far, most of the states in Malaysia are still striving to achieve the goal. The government has therefore aspires to reach the target by the year 2020. The Malaysian government under its 5-years National Plan has since introduced the low, medium and high cost housing categories. The housing policy was therefore designed to provide the public of all income levels, particularly the low-income groups, with affordable housing as part of an effort to eradicate squatters. However, despite the various policies, the number of squatter families remains large, especially in the urban areas. This paper therefore, intends to examine the instruments put forward by the government to eliminate squatters and assess the roles of related parties assigned to achieve the government’s mission. Through a qualitative approach, results demonstrated that Malaysia has various types of polices and guidance at both the federal and state levels in relation to low-cost housing provision. These would have supposed to help reduce the number of squatters in the country. However, to date, Malaysia is still experiencing problems with squatters. This calls for further investigation.

Prefab Materials for Self Build Housing System in Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 250-253
Author(s):  
Wan Srihani Wan Mohamed ◽  
Yahaya Ahmad ◽  
Nik Fazlysham Nik Mat ◽  
Aznida Azlan
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Housing Provision ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Self Help ◽  
House Construction ◽  
Low Cost Housing

Prefabricated system has been used extensively in many developed and developing countries to provide low cost housing. There are many case studies that took the advantage of prefabricated system as part of self help approach in house construction. Prefabricated system in self help housing proved to be cost effective, provide employment opportunities, utilise low skill levels and maximise local natural resources. Malaysia is also promoting prefabricated system to be used in low cost housing provision. There are obstacles to implement such technology into the conventional construction industry. This paper investigates the possibility of adapting local resources, such as timber, into prefabricated components as a mean to promote not only modular coordination concept but also promote self build approach in the community at a lower skill labour. It is not an immediate solution to housing issues yet it provides alternatives to house the low income group and contribute to increase the supply of housing.

scholarly journals The Significance of Community Training Centers in Building Affordable Housing and Developing Settlements

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Bredenoord ◽  
Joon Park ◽  
Kyohee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Housing Provision ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

This paper examines the visions and the roles of community training centers (CTCs) in community development and housing provision in developing countries from the perspective of assisted self-help housing. It reviews a Korean community center that contributed to community-led self-help housing for low-income groups in the 1970s. It also reviews a few notable CTCs from India, Uganda, Nepal, and three countries in Central America to examine the functions and contributions of the CTCs. It was found that CTCs play a central role in community empowerment and the production of affordable building materials receiving technical or financial assistance from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and governments. The paper makes a compelling case for CTCs by drawing on these exemplary cases to provide a development model that has the potential to facilitate the improvement of the living environment in developing countries.

scholarly journals Housing provision and improvement programmes for low income populations in the developing world. A review of approaches and their significance in the European context

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Jakub Gałuszka
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Housing Provision ◽  
European Context ◽  
The World ◽  
Slum Upgrading ◽  
Incremental Housing

Abstract.The paper deals with the issue of affordable housing provision for low income populations in the developing countries and its significance in the European context. My goal is to discuss this topic through the analysis of different approaches to household provision and improvement with special focus on the involvement of communities in various upgrading procedures. Separate sections of the paper refer to the most important approaches developed in the 20th and 21st centuries. These include: site and service, slum upgrading, incremental housing and communityled upgrading which are analysed through the prism of several examples coming from various parts of the world.The discussion of the strategies formulated in the developing world is linked with the new approaches towards housing provision that are presently promoted or are spontaneously emerging in various cities of Central Europe. These include the issues of container-houses construction in Poland and the creation of informal settlements by Roma populations in Polish and Slovakian cities.

State policy in low-cost housing provision in Southeast Asian developing countries: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Ebekozien ◽  
Abdul-Rashid Abdul-Aziz ◽  
Mastura Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Housing Provision ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Cost Housing ◽  
Asian Developing Countries ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeStudies showed that policy influences housing provision. The review of these policies in the Southeast Asia's is possibly not yet adequate because of recent gap in housing demand-supply across the region. This review evaluates the state policy in low-cost housing (LCH) provision in Southeast Asian developing countries reported in published studies.Design/methodology/approachAn electronic search (ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) was conducted using the following search terms: “Low-Cost Housing policy in Southeast Asia.” Reference list of identified studies was scanned to identify more studies. Studies published between 1991 and 2020 that focused either on the region or country within the region were selected. An independent reviewer extracted data from the studies using a standardised form and 27 studies were included in this review.FindingsLCH developing countries experience, encumbrances and measures to mitigate LCH demand-supply gap in Southeast Asia were the issues addressed from the reviewed. Findings from the studies indicate that the level of lax state policy and enforcement of LCH varies across nations.Research limitations/implicationsFindings and recommendations of this paper were based on systematically reviewed literature but does not compromise the robustness regarding state policy in low-cost housing provision in Southeast Asian developing countries. Thus, exploratory sequential mixed methods approach has been recommended as part of the implications for future research.Practical implicationsAs part of the practical implications, this paper highlights the mechanism behind the success of Singapore LCH policy and transferability of the model to the developing countries within and outside the region, and open up the possibility to adopt these policies.Originality/valueThis study is probably the first systematic review on low-cost housing in Southeast Asia.

scholarly journals THE HOUSING DESIGN FOR RESIDENTIAL LIVABILITY: THE LOW-INCOME EARNER PERSPECTIVE

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
Sunusi Bashari ◽  
Ahmad Hariza Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Quantitative Aspect ◽  
Housing Design ◽  
The Public ◽  
Low Cost Housing ◽  
The Government ◽  
Housing Attributes ◽  
Housing Units

In Nigeria, statistics has shown that over 7 out of every 10 people live below the minimum poverty level and 9 of every 10 are in the low-income group (Fadairo & Olotuah, 2013). This indicates that, these people cannot provide housing for themselves, they need intervention from government through public low-cost housing. Public Low-cost housing has been defined as constructed public residential houses funded  by the government or in partnership with the government under the public-private partnership (PPP) scheme, to provide affordable housing for low-income people  (Ayoola & Amole, 2014; Makinde, 2014a). The results indicated that, there is need to consider users preferences in construction of public low-cost housing so as achieve maximum satisfaction. Research Objectives The purpose of this paper is to explore the design of public low-cost housing in Jigawa State, Nigeria and assess how residents perceived the housing units in relation to their culture since housing units are constructed or an intervention of the government for low-income earners. Thus, the paper would serve as a blueprinted government, housing policy makers and housing developers to understand that, the housing constructions and infrastructural elements should reflect the cultural background of the beneficiaries. Views of beneficiaries before and after construction of public low-cost housing are of great importance. Methodology This research was conducted through both qualitative and quantitative approaches. In qualitative aspect, three respondents were interviewed to express their perception on the public low-cost housing design, while quantitative aspect assessed the residential housing attributes of low-cost housing estates with view to identify the most important housing attributes considered by the residents through descriptive statistics and Relative Importance Index (RII). This was achieved through a well-structured questionnaire administered to the residents of public low-cost housing of Jigawa state, Nigeria although without considering other categories of housing type and high-income people. Previous studies such as Lukuman, Sipan, Raji, and Aderemi (2017), Tanko, Abdullah, and Ramly (2017) and Adegoke (2016) used RII on various studies. Results The results indicated that, the design of public low-cost housing in Jigawa State, Nigeria does not reflect the culture of the residents, most of the residents are not satisfied with it. In addition, out of fifty five (55) constructs from five (5) housing-related dimensions, the result identified thirty two (32) important attributes out of these, the residents considered twelve (12) to be the most important attributes affecting their well-being. Findings The residents of public low-cost housing preferred the housing design that will ensure privacy of their family in term of; provision of wall demarcation; more number of bedrooms, toilets and the position of main entrance should not face directly to the main street/road. The residents also, found sharing of toilets system and common roofing as part of housing design that affect the well-being. Other public low-cost housing attributes that perceived and ranked as the most important to them are; Masjid, social interaction, neighbors’ friendliness and helpful. Therefore, future construction of public low-cost housing in Jigawa State should incorporate these attributes/items in order to improve the well-being of the residents. Acknowledgement I appreciate the effort and proper supervision given to me by the chairman of my supervisory committee in person of Prof. Ahmad Hariza Hashim (PhD) and Co-supervisors; Prof. AsnarulKhadi Abu Samah (PhD) and Associate Prof. Nobaya Ahmad.

Current Relocation Practices Targeting Disaster Prone Communities in Developing Countries: Case Study San Francisco Libre, Nicaragua

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-307
Author(s):  
Judith Cuadra ◽  
◽  
Janet Dilling ◽  
Ralph Brower ◽  
Malaika Samples ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Local Government ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Face ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Disaster Event

Multiple studies suggest that disaster risk in developing countries is exacerbated by a combination of conditions such as a lack of affordable housing, hazardous location, human vulnerability, government mismanagement and unfavorable political agendas (Quarantelli, 2003; Jha et al., 2010, Viratkapan & Perera, 2006; Horwood & Phillips, 2007; Davidson et al., 2007; Cronin & Gunthrie, 2011; Satterthwaite, 2011). Although this is not a new issue, governments and urban planners continue to struggle to find solutions for safe, adequate and affordable housing for the urban poor. Urban projects and legislation often unintentionally aggravate the situation in these communities (Sanderson, 2000). The pressure to solve the “low-income settler problem” becomes even more poignant in the face of disasters and other occurrences resulting in multiple fatalities. A well-known approach to low-income communities in high-risk areas is to relocate them either before or after a disaster event. According to Jha et al. (2010) relocation remains one of the most common project endeavors in post-disaster recovery. In San Francisco Libre, a community near Lake Managua in Nicaragua, for example, the local government has undertaken a massive relocation project since 2011 floods that left several coastal families homeless. In this study, we describe the current conditions and challenges for relocated families and discuss efforts by local government officials to provide much needed services on reduced budgets. This research benefits from field observations and interviews with government officials and families from affected communities. Horwood and Phillips (2007) observed that in developing countries such as Nicaragua, relocation projects fail due to the rigid inadequate design of relocation housing and a lack appropriate land and services. Knowledge on relocation practices and outcomes could better inform current practices and improve project development to where it actually provides for low-income families in developing countries.

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