scholarly journals Caucasian Rhododendron Grinding-Fixing Machine

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Tamaz Isakadze ◽  
◽  
Vitali Ghvachliani ◽  
Givi Gugulashvili ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Tea ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Excess Moisture ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Mate Tea ◽  
Endemic Plant Species

An endemic plant species typical for the Caucasus is the Caucasian rhododendron (Rhododendron caucasicum Pall), which, due to its unique chemical composition, has many medicinal properties, therefore, folk healers have used it since ancient times to treat various severe and mild diseases. At the present stage of the development of science, the question arises about the possibility of using this most valuable plant for industrial purposes. The question is raised of the production of mate tea from the Caucasian rhododendron. The rhododendron processing technologies proposed so far are reviewed and it is shown that none of them can provide aromatic and taste indicators characteristic of tea mate in the resulting product due to the fact that most of them are based on the processing technology of ordinary black tea. It is substantiated that in order to obtain mate tea, it is necessary at the initial stage of processing to fix the raw material from rhododendron, cut it and grind it to sizes acceptable for packaging, remove excess moisture contained in the sheet and give the final product a light smoke aroma and a slightly bitter taste. To solve these problems, a schematic diagram of a new machine for the simultaneous grinding and fixing of the Caucasian rhododendron is proposed.

scholarly journals Characterization of Black and Green Tea from Local Market

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Sonia Ancuta Socaci ◽  
Anca Farcas ◽  
Camelia Tomele ◽  
Liana Salanta ◽  
Luminita Varva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Scavenging Effect ◽  
Radical Scavenging Effect ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Green And Black Tea

The leaves from Camellia sinensis are used from ancient times for preparation of tea but also as raw material for different extracts which are used in food industry as well as in pharmaceutical or cosmetic products. Due to the increasing interest in tea health benefits, the aim of the present study was to characterize several brands of green and black tea found on local market, regarding their content in total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity. Total phenolics and flavonoids were determined spectrophotometrically using a modified Folin-Ciocalteu method, respectively a chromogenic system of NaNO2–Al(NO3)3–NaOH based method. The antioxidant capacity of each tea sample was assessed through the evaluation of free radical scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. The results obtained for the green and black tea samples varied widely, depending on the tea variety. The antioxidant capacity of the analyzed teas ranged between 12.10 and 40.03%RSA, while the total phenolic content was within 2090 and 6080 mg GA/ 100g. The concentrantion in flavonoids was between 9.04 and 15.34 g/100g of tea.

scholarly journals Analytical Rheology of Honey: A State-of-the-Art Review

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1709
Author(s):  
Célia Faustino ◽  
Lídia Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Thixotropic Behaviour ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Temperature Time

Honey has been used as a nutraceutical product since ancient times due to its nutritional and medicinal properties. Honey rheology influences its organoleptic properties and is relevant for processing and quality control. This review summarizes the rheological behaviour of honeys of different botanical source(s) and geographical locations that has been described in the literature, focusing on the relation between rheological parameters, honey composition (moisture, water activity, sugar content, presence of colloidal matter) and experimental conditions (temperature, time, stress, shear rate). Both liquid and crystallized honeys have been addressed. Firstly, the main mathematical models used to describe honey rheological behaviour are presented highlighting moisture and temperature effects. Then, rheological data from the literature regarding distinct honey types from different countries is analysed and results are compared. Although most honeys are Newtonian fluids, interesting shear-thinning and thixotropic as well as anti-thixotropic behaviour have been described for some types of honey. Rheological parameters have also been successfully applied to identify honey adulteration and to discriminate between different honey types. Several chemometric techniques have also been employed to obtain the complex relationships between honey physicochemical and rheological properties, including partial least squares (PLS), principal component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural networks (ANN).

scholarly journals Mauritian coloured nectar no longer a mystery: a visual signal for lizard pollinators

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis M Hansen ◽  
Karin Beer ◽  
Christine B Müller
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Visual Signal ◽  
Honest Signal ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Floral Trait ◽  
Flower Visitation ◽  
Artificial Flowers ◽  
Endemic Plant Species

Most floral nectars are clear as water, and the enigmatic coloured nectar in three endemic plant species in Mauritius has puzzled scientists studying it. One hypothesis about the possible ecological function of coloured nectar is that it serves as a visual signal for pollinators. Recent studies have shown that at least two of the three Mauritian plant species with coloured nectar are visited and pollinated by endemic Phelsuma geckos. We here provide experimental evidence for the visual signal hypothesis by showing that Phelsuma ornata geckos prefer coloured over clear nectar in artificial flowers. In flowering plants, coloured nectar could additionally function as an honest signal that allows pollinators to assert the presence and judge the size of a reward prior to flower visitation, and to adjust their behaviour accordingly, leading to increased pollinator efficiency. Our study provides a first step in understanding this rare and intriguing floral trait.

scholarly journals Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids and Fatty Acids from the Endemic Plant Species Rindera umbellata and the Effect of Lindelofine-N-oxide on Tubulin Polymerization

Molecules ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 10694-10706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Mandić ◽  
Milena Simić ◽  
Ivan Vučković ◽  
Ljubodrag Vujisić ◽  
Miroslav Novaković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Tubulin Polymerization ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Endemic Plant Species

scholarly journals The endemic plant species of Mt Kupe, Cameroon with a new Critically Endangered cloud-forest tree species, Vepris zapfackii (Rutaceae)

Kew Bulletin ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Cheek ◽  
Jean Michel Onana
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
Mt Kupe ◽  
Endemic Plant Species

SummaryWe revise and update the records of strict and near-endemic species of Mt Kupe, Cameroon respectively from 31 strict endemics in 2004, to 25 today, and with near-endemic species 30, unchanged in number but with turnover. The changes result from new collections, discoveries and taxonomic changes in the last 16 years. While 15 of the provisionally named putative endemic species have now been formally published, a further 18 have not. The majority of the 30 near-endemic species (18) are shared with the adjacent Bakossi Mts, far exceeding the numbers shared with the more distant Mt Etinde-Mt Cameroon, Rumpi Hills and Ebo forest areas (sharing three near-endemic species each with Mt Kupe). We test the hypothesis that a further one of the provisionally named putative Mt Kupe species, Vepris sp. 1 from submontane forest near the summit, is indeed new to science. We compare it morphologically with the two other bicarpellate high altitude Cameroon Highland tree species V. montisbambutensis Onana and V. bali Cheek, concluding that it is a new undescribed species here named as Vepris zapfackii. The new species is illustrated and its conservation status assessed as Critically Endangered using the 2012 IUCN standard, due to habitat clearance from agricultural pressures at its sole location which is unprotected. Vepris zapfackii and V. bali appear unique in African trifoliolate species of the genus in having opposite leaves. Vepris zapfackii differs in having hairy petiolules and midribs and petiolules with the blade decurrent distally, narrowing towards a winged-canaliculate base (vs glabrous and petiolule long, terete), and sparsely golden hairy pistillodes and a glabrous calyx (vs densely black hairy pistillodes, and sepals hairy).

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