scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis and Acute Toxicity Studies on the Methanol Extract of Securidaca longepedunculata (Fresen) Root Bark in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Joseph Fomnya Hyellavala
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Securidaca Longepedunculata

The methanol extract of Securidaca longepedunculata root bark was screened phytochemically and its intraperitoneal acute toxicity evaluated in mice. The phytochemical screening was carried out based on standard methods. The Median Lethal Dose (LD50 ) was determined using Lorke’s method while the Maximum Tolerated Dose (LD0 ) was determined by the method described by Mosser and Padilla. The root bark extract revealed the presence of carbohydrates, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins and flavonoids. The extract produced intraperitoneal LD0 and LD50 values of 6.92 mg/kg and 6.0 mg/kg, respectively. Based on the research findings, the methanol extract of S. longepedunculata root bark was found to contain important phytochemicals which may be attributed to its enormous use in traditional medicine, but it was a highly toxic extract in mice with intraperitoneal LD50 and LD0 values of 6.92 mg/kg and 6.0 mg/kg, respectively.

scholarly journals The Useful Medicinal Properties of the Root-Bark Extract of Alstonia boonei (Apocynaceae) May Be Connected to Antioxidant Activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miracle Oluebubechukwu Obiagwu ◽  
Chibueze Peter Ihekwereme ◽  
Daniel Lotanna Ajaghaku ◽  
Festus Basden Chinedu Okoye
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Isolated Compound

Folkloric use of root-bark extract of Alstonia boonei in the treatment and management of many disease conditions may be associated with free radical scavenging as part of its mechanisms of action. We therefore evaluated the ability of different solvent fractions of the methanol extract, crude precipitate from the extract, and isolated compound from the crude precipitate for scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of useful phytocompounds. Ethyl acetate fraction showed better antioxidant activity with IC50 of 54.25 μg/mL while acetone and methanol fractions have 121.79 and 141.67 μg/mL, respectively. The crude precipitate and isolated compound showed IC50 values of 364.39 and 354.94 μg/mL, respectively. The crude precipitate, fractions, and compound 1 showed antioxidant activity against DPPH radical although lower than that of ascorbic acid.

Antimicrobial activities and phytochemical analysis of extracts from Ormocarpum trichocarpum (Taub.) and Euclea divinorum (Hiern) used as traditional medicine in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mhuji Kilonzo ◽  
Chrispinus Rubanza ◽  
Upendo Richard ◽  
Gideon Sangiwa
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Final Volume ◽  
Mic Value

Background: Medicinal plants have been of great value to human healthcare in most parts of the world for thousands of years. In Tanzania, over 12,000 species of higher plants have been reported, and about 10% are estimated to be used as medicines to treat different human health conditions. The present study aimed to determine in vitro antimicrobial activities and phytochemical analysis of Ormocarpum trichocarpum and Euclea divinorum which are commonly used as a traditional medicine in Tanzania. Methods: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of plants extracts against tested bacterial and fungal species were determined using 96 wells microdilution method. In this method, 50 μL of nutrient and saboraud’s dextrose broth for bacteria and fungus respectively were loaded in each well followed by 50 μL of extract to make final volume of 100 μL. Subsequently 50 μL were transferred from first rows of each well to the second rows and the process was repeated down the columns to the last wells from which 50 μL were discarded. Thereafter, 50 μL of the selected bacterial and fungal suspension was added to each well thus making final volume of 100μL. The lowest concentration which showed no microbe growth was considered as MIC. The study also evaluated phytochemical compounds present in the ethyl acetate extracts from O. trichocarpum stem bark and E. divinorum root bark extract using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. Results: It was revealed that 66% of the tested microbes were susceptible to plant extracts at MIC value of 0.39 mg/mL whereas 83% being susceptible to extracts at MIC value of 0.781 mg/mL. Interestingly, four out of 18 tested plant extracts exhibited high antifungal activity below that of the standard antifungal drug, fluconazole. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of various low molecular weight phytochemicals which belongs to six groups of secondary metabolites namely dieterpenes, alphatic hydrocarbons, tetraterpenes, sesquiterpenes, steroid and triterpenes. Conclusion: It was concluded that the presence of various phytochemicals in the tested plant extracts may be associated with pharmacological properties of O. trichocarpum and E. divinorum and therefore justifying ethnomedical usage of such plants.   Keywords: Antibacterial, antifungal, Ormocarpum trichocarpum, Euclea divinorum

scholarly journals The Ethanolic Stem-Bark Extract of Antrocaryon micraster Inhibits Carrageenan-Induced Pleurisy and Pedal Oedema in Murine Models of Inflammation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie B. Essel ◽  
David D. Obiri ◽  
Newman Osafo ◽  
Aaron O. Antwi ◽  
Babatunde M. Duduyemi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

We investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of a 70% v/v ethanol extract of the stem bark of Antrocaryon micraster on murine models of carrageenan-induced pleurisy and paw oedema. Rat pleural fluid was analysed for volume, protein content, and leucocytes, while lung histology was assessed for damage. Lung tissue homogenates were assayed for glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Phytochemical analysis was carried out on the stem bark. Acute toxicity studies were conducted in rats. In the pleurisy model the extract (30–300 mg/kg) significantly reduced the volume and amount of proteins and leucocytes in the exudate and also protected against lung injury. Tissue level of GSH and SOD and CAT expression were increased while MDA level and MPO activity were reduced. The peak and total oedema responses were significantly suppressed when given both preemptively and curatively in the mice paw oedema test. Saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and tannins were present in the stem bark. A. micraster extract exhibited no apparent acute toxicity. We conclude that the ethanolic stem-bark extract of A. micraster has antioxidant action and exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity through suppression of pleurisy and paw oedema induced with carrageenan.

scholarly journals Brine Shrimp Cytotoxicity and Anti-Mitotic Activity of Aqueous Root-Bark extract of Securidaca longepedunculata (Polygalaceae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Ridwan Lawal ◽  
◽  
Omolola Odesanmi ◽  
Ibrahim Badmus ◽  
Jimoh Yusuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Securidaca Longepedunculata

In Vitro Anticoccidial Activities of the Extract and Fractions of Garcinia kola (Heckel h.) against Eimeria tenella Oocyst

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manji Amos Shetshak ◽  
Isa Danjuma Jatau ◽  
Muhammed Musa Suleiman ◽  
Matthew Philip Ameh ◽  
Gabriel Ada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Eimeria Tenella ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Anticoccidial Agent ◽  
Garcinia Kola Heckel ◽  
Crude Methanol Extract

Background: Commercial poultry farming is expanding every day and contributing to the provision of affordable and high quality protein. However, this sector is confronted with many diseases of which coccidiosis is among the most important. There are many registered patents affirming the health benefits of Garcinia kola in poultry. Objective: Evaluation of In vitro anticoccidial activities of the extracts and fractions of Garcinia kola against Eimeria tenella oocyst was carried out. Method: Fresh seeds of G. kola were collected, dried under shade at room temperature and pulverized using a mortar and a pestle. The powder was exhaustively extracted with a soxhlet apparatus using 70% methanol and the crude methanol extract (CME) was concentrated to dryness using a rotary evaporator. The CME was further partitioned using butanol, ethylacetate and n-hexane. The CME, butanol fraction (BTF), ethylacetate fraction (EAF) and hexane fraction (HXF) were concentrated in vacuo and tested for the presence of phytochemical constituents using standard procedures. Similarly the CME, butanol, ethyl acetate and hexane fractions were evaluated in vitro for oocyst sporulation inhibition. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of cardiac glycosides, saponins, carbohydrates, steroids/triterpenes, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids in the CME and BTF. The EAF contains all the metabolites mentioned except saponins. Similarly, HXF contains only cardiac glycosides, tannins and steroids/triterpenes. The CME and BTF caused a concentration dependent increase in the inhibition of sporulation of unsporulated oocysts of E. tenella. In the acute toxicity studies, the CME did not produce any toxic effect or mortality at doses between 10 and 5000 mg/kg. The CME was then considered safe and the LD50 was assumed to be >5000 mg/kg. Conclusion: The data obtained in this study suggest that the crude methanol extract (CME) of G. kola could be appreciable beneficial effect as an anticoccidial agent against Eimeria tenella oocyst.

Phytochemical Analysis and Anthelmintic Activity of Salsola imbricata

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-198
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ajaib Muhammad Ajaib ◽  
Saleha Farooq Saleha Farooq ◽  
Khalid Mohammed Khan Khalid Mohammed Khan ◽  
Shahnaz Perveen and Shazia Shah Shahnaz Perveen and Shazia Shah
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Minimum Time ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation

Phytochemical investigation and anthelmintic activity of Salsola imbricata Forssk was carried out. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of anthraquinones, reducing sugar, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. Analysis of anthelmintic activity exhibited that bark extract of S. imbricata is more potent than fruit extract. Minimum time for paralysis and death of worms (9 and#177; 0.6 and 13 and#177; 0.2 min.) was taken by chloroform extract of bark at concentration of 100 mg/mL whereas fruit extract of chloroform was taken minimum time for paralysis and death of worms (10 and#177; 1.1 and 16 and#177; 0.1min.) at concentration of 100 mg/mL.

scholarly journals In Vivo Antiplasmodial Activity of Terminalia mantaly Stem Bark Aqueous Extract in Mice Infected by Plasmodium berghei

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mariscal Brice Tchatat Tali ◽  
Cedric Derick Jiatsa Mbouna ◽  
Lauve Rachel Yamthe Tchokouaha ◽  
Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou ◽  
Jaures Marius Tsakem Nangap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Bark Extract

Background. Terminalia mantaly is used in Cameroon traditional medicine to treat malaria and related symptoms. However, its antiplasmodial efficacy is still to be established. Objectives. The present study is aimed at evaluating the in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity and the oral acute toxicity of the Terminalia mantaly extracts. Materials and Methods. Extracts were prepared from leaves and stem bark of T. mantaly, by maceration in distilled water, methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane (DCM), and hexane. All extracts were initially screened in vitro against the chloroquine-resistant strain W2 of P. falciparum to confirm its in vitro activity, and the most potent one was assessed in malaria mouse model at three concentrations (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/bw). Biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters were also determined. Results. Overall, 7 extracts showed in vitro antiplasmodial activity with IC50 ranging from 0.809 μg/mL to 5.886 μg/mL. The aqueous extract from the stem bark of T. mantaly (Tmsbw) was the most potent (IC50=0.809 μg/mL) and was further assessed for acute toxicity and efficacy in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Tmsbw was safe in mice with a median lethal dose (LD50) higher than 2000 mg/kg of body weight. It also exerted a good antimalarial efficacy in vivo with ED50 of 69.50 mg/kg and had no significant effect on biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters. Conclusion. The results suggest that the stem bark extract of T. mantaly possesses antimalarial activity.

scholarly journals Antileishmanial, Toxicity, and Phytochemical Evaluation of Medicinal Plants Collected from Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naseer Ali Shah ◽  
Muhammad Rashid Khan ◽  
Akhtar Nadhman
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Antileishmanial Activity ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leishmania Tropica ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Safety Range

Leishmaniasis is an important parasitic problem and is in focus for development of new drugs all over the world. Objective of the present study was to evaluate phytochemical, toxicity, and antileishmanial potential ofJurinea dolomiaea,Asparagus gracilis,Sida cordata,andStellaria mediacollected from different areas of Pakistan. Dry powder of plants was extracted with crude methanol and fractionated withn-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate,n-butanol, and water solvents in escalating polarity order. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of different class of compounds, that is, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, phlobatannins, flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins, was tested. Its appearance was observed varying with polarity of solvent used for fractionation. Antileishmanial activity was performed againstLeishmania tropicaKWH23 promastigote. Potent antileishmanial activity was observed forJ. dolomiaeamethanol extract (IC50=10.9±1.1 μg/mL) in comparison to other plant extracts. However,J. dolomiaea“ethyl acetate fraction” was more active (IC50=5.3±0.2 μg/mL) againstLeishmania tropicaKWH23 among all plant fractions as well as standard Glucantime drug (6.0±0.1 μg/mL). All the plants extract and its derived fraction exhibited toxicity in safety range (LC50 >100) in brine shrimp toxicity evaluation assay.

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