Population Growth and Waste Management in Metropolitan Lagos

Author(s):  
Femi O. Omololu ◽  
Akinmayowa S. Lawal

This paper examines the influence of population growth on waste generation in Lagos metropolis, African’s most populous urban conglomeration. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, the study analyses the pattern of household waste disposal, collection and transportation in Lagos State. It also examines the public-private partnership strategy adopted in waste management. The findings show that population growth significantly influences waste generation and management in Lagos metropolis. As the population increased, the volume of waste generated also increased in each LGA of Lagos State. The public-private partnership strategy has been effective in managing waste, but the Lagos State Waste Management Authority oversight was adjudged as less than satisfactory. The paper concludes that intervention is needed in terms of educating the growing population of the Lagos metropolis on the best waste management practices. It highlights the need for a more efficient and effective publicprivate partnership collaboration to solve this perennial social problem.

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Rodseth ◽  
Philippa Notten ◽  
Harro von von Blottniz

A major limitation to improved waste management in South Africa lies in the paucity of reliable waste data and the exclusion of the contribution of the informal sector from reporting. Due to the disparity in the provision of formal waste management services across households in South Africa, omission of the quantified contribution of informal management practices leads to an inaccurate representation of waste management practices in existing waste data repositories. Given the potentially adverse social and environmental consequences of unregulated waste management practices, a lack of representation thereof has the potential to underestimate impacts. As of 2015, 31% of households are reported as lacking a basic refuse removal service; however, this number cannot necessarily be applied directly to waste quantities, given the regional and socio-economic differences that occur in per capita waste generation rates. The total quantity of domestic waste in South Africa and fraction disposed informally are estimated here, taking into account differences in waste generation rates based on income and settlement type. The characterisation and quantification of unregulated waste streams is beneficial in assessing the magnitude of the problem and, where necessary, identifying mitigation action. The results obtained show that 29% (3.67 million tonnes per annum) of domestic waste generated is not collected or treated via formal management options. Of this waste, the majority (85%) is generated in rural areas. The most common waste management option for unserviced households is a private dump. An estimated 94% of households in unserviced rural areas make use of private dumps, while in unserviced urban and metro areas this decreases to 74% and 71% of households, respectively. Illegal dumping is the next most common waste management option for unserviced areas. The proportion of household waste disposed of via illegal dumping ranges from an estimated 5% for unserviced rural households to 27% in metro areas with the balance made up by ‘other’ disposal/treatment options.


Recycling ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradipta Halder ◽  
Harminder Singh

India is currently facing a mounting challenge related to municipal waste management, due to an increasing urban population, and their high consumption lifestyles. India also has the world’s highest number of young people in the 10–24 years age group. The study applied the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) model to predict school students’ recycling intentions in Delhi, the capital of India and one of the highest producers of municipal solid wastes in the country. Data were collected from a school in New Delhi and the sample size consisted of 272 students from 9th and 10th grades. The TPB model explained 56% of the variance in the students’ intentions to recycling. The predictor ‘subjective norm’ appeared to have the strongest impact on the students’ recycling intentions, followed by ‘attitude’ and ‘perceived behavioural control’. It indicated that social factors are driving the Indian youth’s recycling intentions. It is important that the policymakers promote recycling as a social trend in India and provide adequate facilities to the public so that they can participate in recycling activities without facing difficulties. Schools also have a role in increasing students’ awareness of recycling and motivating them to participate in household waste management practices.


Author(s):  
Mariel R. Estrella

Rapid population growth and urbanization over the years has put pressure on natural resources threatening various fragile ecosystems. Naga river in the Philippines became a mute witness to the adverse effects of human activities on its waters. The present study took into account the waste management practices of households along the Naga river to elucidate its relation to the bio-physicochemical state of the river. The comparative analysis of water quality assessment data indicates that there is an observable deterioration of water quality due to its decreased level of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and above normal pH level. This can be attributed to the continued practice of the households of throwing and discharging 34% and 78% of their solid and liquid wastes, respectively, directly into the river. However, there is a trend of improvement in the Naga river's water quality in terms of other parameters. The study also revealed that the size of built up areas and the household population along the Naga river is not necessarily proportional. Land use and the large household population along the Naga river was found to have higher adverse impacts on the water quality and current state of the Naga river. KEYWORDS: Naga River, water quality, waste management, community survey


Author(s):  
Hajra Mahmood ◽  
Muhammad Moiz Khan

Karachi is the largest metropolitan city of Pakistan with a population of 207,774,520 (Statistics, 2017).Ironically, a megacity of a developing state has its drawbacks and discrepancies in solid waste mechanism being one ofthem. Karachi has always been the center of businesses and government offices since independence, first as capital ofPakistan and later as a provincial capital. This study evaluates the importance of solid waste management for an urbancity such as Karachi, and the steps which have been taken by the successive governments to fulfill the demands of thisgrowing megapolis since independence. In this study, models of solid waste management adopted by different citieswill be analyzed and a suitable model for Karachi will be proposed. Needless to say, Karachi has the potential tobecome an eco-friendly city by adopting the public private partnership. In short, the civil society’s role is of paramountimportance.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
O. J. Oladiran ◽  
A. A. Bayewun ◽  
A. M. Aderogba

Construction wastes pose challenges to contractors and clients of construction projects globally, with significant negative consequences on the environment. This study investigates the environmental waste management practices (EWMPs) of contractors on construction sites. The objectives are to determine the level of awareness and adoption of EWMPs. The population of the study was construction professionals on sites in Lagos State, Nigeria. Random sampling technique was used to select 63 companies out of the 126 construction companies in categories C, D and E of firms registered with Lagos State Public Procurement Agency. The targeted respondents were construction professionals in the selected companies. Questionnaires were used to collect data from respondents. Descriptive statistics tools, including mean, percentage and frequency were used for analysis. The study's findings reveal that contractors are aware of about 28 out of the 47 EWMPs identified from literature. These include good site materials storage, ordering exact amount of materials and checking deliveries properly. It also reveals the strategies that are not used as belonging to material exchange/recyclers' association, polluter pays principle, usage of self-contained mini or mobile concrete crusher. It is concluded that although contractors are aware of 28 EWMPs, 26 EWMPs are used on construction sites which are 60% and 55%, respectively. It implies that awareness determines the usage of the EWMPs. The implication is that if the awareness of EWMPs is increased, the implementation among construction contractors will be improved. It is therefore recommended that professionals should increase their awareness and usage of neglected EWMPs. This can be achieved through construction firms, governments and institutions sponsoring training of professionals on EWMPs. Additionally, polluter pays principle and recyclers’ association should be enforced in project implementations. This can be achieved through government legislation and government regulatory policies for project procurements.Keywords: Awareness; Best practices; Construction sites; Nigeria; Waste management.    


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
R. Geetha ◽  
S. Rajalakshmi

The solid waste management is not only necessary for maintaining the hygienic environment but in reducing the probable health hazards. The current study deals with the problems faced by the public due to improper waste management and the behaviour in waste disposal. The data used in our study is both primary and the secondary data. Waste cannot be simply thrown away anymore, now it must be managed. Many materials thrown away could be saved by simple things like reusing glass, the municipal landfill could be reduced by almost 10 percent and there are still many advantages to waste management. Today, more people are in favour of companies who invest in “green products”. As a result, companies have removed phosphates, bleaches, and have made their paper products out of recycled papers. The objective of writing this paper is to study the current practices related to the various waste management initiatives taken in India for human wellbeing. The other purpose is to provide some suggestions and recommendations to improve the waste management practices in Indian towns. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 7, Issue-2: 70-77  


1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 (1) ◽  
pp. 815-816
Author(s):  
Ross E. Powers

ABSTRACT Chronic oil spills at junkyards are being overlooked, but they can cause serious economic and environmental problems. Long considered non-hazardous, motor oils, automobile fluids, industrial waste oils and solid wastes are spilled daily at scrap metal yards across the nation. These chronic spills can carry heavy metals and toxic wastes off site through surface drains, soil penetration, and track out. Intermixed with oil, these wastes are complex and costly to clean up. Superfund cleanup actions at former junkyards are only part of the economic burden to the public. Quality of life and property value problems add to the host community's roadblocks to redevelopment, and also to their list of brownfields. Relaxed attitudes in handling liquid and solid wastes at these sites, along with ignorance of environmental rules, seem to be at the root of the problem. It is suggested that local agencies get involved in monitoring waste management practices, as well as try outreach efforts to educate junkyard operators in oil spill prevention and waste management.


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younes Ben Zaied ◽  
Nidhaleddine Ben Cheikh ◽  
Pascal Nguyen ◽  
Mohamed Badrane Mahjoub

This paper examines whether a causal relationship exists between waste tonnage and employment when the waste collection is entrusted to a private operator in France (i.e. waste management policy by delegation of service). The empirical investigation is based on weekly data for four waste streams for the period from January 2015 to June 2017. Using nonstationary time series techniques including cointegration, VECM (Vector Error Correction Model) and long-run causality test of Toda and Yamamoto (1995) within a bivariate framework, the results demonstrate potential causal negative relationship between waste tonnage and employment. For three waste streams (i.e. household waste, outdoor garbage waste and miscellaneous waste), the results suggest that waste management practices that aim at entrusting the collection and treatment to a private operator (i.e. waste management by delegation of service) are not economically beneficial to society, because this policy does not favor environmental jobs creation. The paper calls for the adoption of other waste management practices to preserve employment in the waste collection sector.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (39) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Mougoue Benoît ◽  
Agofak Clarisse Viviane ◽  
Nya Esther Laurentine

L’urbanisation est l’une des grandes caractéristiques du monde contemporain. Elle génère des effets sur l’environnement et le cadre de vie perceptibles à travers la gestion des déchets. En effet, l’urbanisation s’accompagne d’une croissance de la population urbaine qui à son tour induit une production sans cesse importante de déchets, souvent mal gérés. Cette réflexion vise à cerner les problèmes liés aux différentes pratiques de gestion des déchets ménagers dans le quartier Mambanda de la ville de Douala. L’étude s’appuie sur une approche à la fois qualitative et quantitative qui intègre les recherches documentaires, les observations de terrain et les entretiens avec les acteurs-clé du terrain. Les résultats de l’étude montrent que les déchets solides, liquides et gazeux produits dans le quartier Mambanda sont constitués essentiellement des restes de nourriture, d’eaux usées domestiques et résiduaires, des eaux vannes, des déjections humaines et animales… Les populations, l’Etat et les sociétés privées (Hysacam, CIPRE, associations…) sont les acteurs qui se déploient sur le terrain pour gérer ces déchets qui sont généralement déversés dans les rues, les caniveaux, les cours d’eaux, les champs, les drains et les bacs à ordures. La mauvaise gestion des déchets entraine, dans la plupart des cas, la dégradation de l’environnement et du cadre de vie des populations et par conséquent impacte la santé des populations qui y vivent. Ainsi, la forte implication des populations dans le processus de gestion des déchets (campagnes d’éducation à l’hygiène, création et entretien du réseau d’évacuation…) est la meilleure stratégie durable pour une gestion efficace de ces déchets.   Urbanization is one of the great characteristics of the contemporary world. It generates perceptible effects on the environment and the living environment through waste management. Indeed, urbanization is accompanied by a growth of the urban population which in turn induces an ever-increasing production of waste, which is often poorly managed. This reflection aims to identify the problems related to the different household waste management practices in the Mambanda district of the city of Douala. The study is based on a qualitative and quantitative approach that integrates documentary research, observations and interviews with key players in the field.The results of the study show that the solid, liquid and gaseous waste produced in the Mambanda district consists mainly of food scraps, domestic and waste water, human and animal excreta. The populations, the State and private companies (Hysacam, CIPRE, associations, etc.) are the actors who are deployed in the field to manage this waste which is generally dumped in the streets, gutters, rivers, fields. , drains and garbage bins. Poor waste management leads, in most cases, to the degradation of the environment and the living environment of the populations. Thus, the strong involvement of the population in the waste management process (hygiene education campaigns, creation and maintenance of the disposal network, etc.) is the best sustainable strategy for effective waste management.


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