scholarly journals A New Real-time Lossless Data Compression Algorithm for ECG and PPG Signals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOUMYENDU BANERJEE ◽  
Girish Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Data Compression ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Quantization Level ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
Data Resolution ◽  
Monitoring Applications ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Run Time ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

<i>Objective:</i> Data compression is a useful process in tele-monitoring applications, in which lesser number of bits are needed to represent the same data. In this work, a run-time lossless compression of single channel Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal is proposed, maintaining all dominant features. <i>Methods: </i>The single channel data are first quantized using optimal quantization level, so that lesser number of bits are needed to represent it, maintaining low quantization error. Then second order delta encoding and run-length encoding (RLE) based data compression are proposed in this work. A new approach of using ‘buffer array’ along with RLE is also introduced, so that minimum bits are needed to store. <i>Results:</i> This algorithm was tested on various single lead ECG and PPG signals available in Physionet. An average compression ratio (CR) was achieved of 6.52, 3.82, and 2.49 for 547 PTBDB ECG records, 48 MITDB ECG records, and 53 MIMIC-II PPG records, respectively. This algorithm was also performed on single channel ECG, collected from 10 healthy volunteers using AD8232 ECG module, with 125 Hz sampling frequency and 10-bit data resolution, which resulted in average CR of 2.34. <i>Discussion:</i> This algorithm was also performed on a smartphone device that provided user-friendly operation. The low computational complications and standalone operation of data collection, compression, and transmission encouraged its implementation for run-time operation. <i>Significance:</i> A comparative study of proposed work with previously published works proved this fact that this algorithm provided better performance in the area of run-time patient health monitoring applications.

scholarly journals A New Real-time Lossless Data Compression Algorithm for ECG and PPG Signals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOUMYENDU BANERJEE ◽  
Girish Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Data Compression ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Quantization Level ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
Data Resolution ◽  
Monitoring Applications ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Run Time ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

<i>Objective:</i> Data compression is a useful process in tele-monitoring applications, in which lesser number of bits are needed to represent the same data. In this work, a run-time lossless compression of single channel Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal is proposed, maintaining all dominant features. <i>Methods: </i>The single channel data are first quantized using optimal quantization level, so that lesser number of bits are needed to represent it, maintaining low quantization error. Then second order delta encoding and run-length encoding (RLE) based data compression are proposed in this work. A new approach of using ‘buffer array’ along with RLE is also introduced, so that minimum bits are needed to store. <i>Results:</i> This algorithm was tested on various single lead ECG and PPG signals available in Physionet. An average compression ratio (CR) was achieved of 6.52, 3.82, and 2.49 for 547 PTBDB ECG records, 48 MITDB ECG records, and 53 MIMIC-II PPG records, respectively. This algorithm was also performed on single channel ECG, collected from 10 healthy volunteers using AD8232 ECG module, with 125 Hz sampling frequency and 10-bit data resolution, which resulted in average CR of 2.34. <i>Discussion:</i> This algorithm was also performed on a smartphone device that provided user-friendly operation. The low computational complications and standalone operation of data collection, compression, and transmission encouraged its implementation for run-time operation. <i>Significance:</i> A comparative study of proposed work with previously published works proved this fact that this algorithm provided better performance in the area of run-time patient health monitoring applications.

SIR2004: an improved tool for crystal structure determination and refinement

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria C. Burla ◽  
Rocco Caliandro ◽  
Mercedes Camalli ◽  
Benedetta Carrozzini ◽  
Giovanni L. Cascarano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Ab Initio ◽  
Structure Determination ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Graphical Interface ◽  
Asymmetric Unit ◽  
Density Maps ◽  
Data Resolution ◽  
User Friendly

SIR2004is the evolution of theSIR2002program [Burla, Camalli, Carrozzini, Cascarano, Giacovazzo, Polidori & Spagna (2003).J. Appl. Cryst.36, 1103]. It is devoted to the solution of crystal structures by direct and Patterson methods. Several new features implemented inSIR2004make this program efficient: it is able to solveab initioboth small/medium-size structures as well as macromolecules (up to 2000 atoms in the asymmetric unit). In favourable circumstances, the program is also able to solve protein structures with data resolution up to 1.4–1.5 Å, and to provide interpretable electron density maps. A powerful user-friendly graphical interface is provided.

scholarly journals Utility of a Smartphone Based System (cvrPhone) to Predict Short-term Arrhythmia Susceptibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwanghyun Sohn ◽  
Steven P. Dalvin ◽  
Faisal M. Merchant ◽  
Kanchan Kulkarni ◽  
Furrukh Sana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Coronary Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Arrhythmic Event ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

Abstract Repolarization alternans (RA) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. We developed a 12-lead, blue-tooth/Smart-Phone (Android) based electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition and monitoring system (cvrPhone), and an application to estimate RA, in real-time. In in-vivo swine studies (N = 17), 12-lead ECG signals were recorded at baseline and following coronary artery occlusion. RA was estimated using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method using a custom developed algorithm in JAVA. Underlying ischemia was detected using a custom developed ischemic index. RA from each lead showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase within 1 min of occlusion compared to baseline (n = 29). Following myocardial infarction, spontaneous ventricular tachycardia episodes (n = 4) were preceded by significant (p < 0.05) increase of RA prior to the onset of the tachy-arrhythmias. Similarly, the ischemic index exhibited a significant increase following myocardial infarction (p < 0.05) and preceding a tachy-arrhythmic event. In conclusion, RA can be effectively estimated using surface lead electrocardiograms by analyzing beat-to-beat variability in ECG morphology using a smartphone based platform. cvrPhone can be used to detect myocardial ischemia and arrhythmia susceptibility using a user-friendly, clinically acceptable, mobile platform.

scholarly journals MESPEUS: a database of the geometry of metal sites in proteins

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 963-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hsin ◽  
Y. Sheng ◽  
M. M. Harding ◽  
P. Taylor ◽  
M. D. Walkinshaw
Keyword(s):  
Protein Molecule ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Web Interface ◽  
Coordination Numbers ◽  
Data Resolution ◽  
Metal Metal ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Stored Information ◽  
Interacting Atoms ◽  
User Friendly

A database with details of the geometry of metal sites in proteins has been set up. The data are derived from metalloprotein structures that are in the Protein Data Bank [PDB; Berman, Henrick, Nakamura & Markley (2006).Nucleic Acids Res.35, D301–D303] and have been determined at 2.5 Å resolution or better. The database contains all contacts within the crystal asymmetric unit considered to be chemical bonds to any of the metals Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn. The stored information includes PDB code, crystal data, resolution of structure determination, refinement program andRfactor, protein class (from PDB header), contact distances, atom names of metal and interacting atoms as they appear in the PDB, site occupancies,Bvalues, coordination numbers, information on coordination shapes, and metal–metal distances. This may be accessed by SQL queries, or by a user-friendly web interface which searches for contacts between specified types of atoms [for example Ca and carboxylate O of aspartate, Co and imidazole Nδ of histidine] or which delivers details of all the metal sites in a specified protein. The web interface allows graphical display of the metal site, on its own or within the whole protein molecule, and may be accessed at http://eduliss.bch.ed.ac.uk/MESPEUS/. Some applications are briefly described, including a study of the characteristics of Mg sites that bind adenosine triphosphate, the derivation of an average Mg—Ophosphatedistance and some problems that arise when average bond distances with high precision are required.

scholarly journals Wavelet Design for Automatic Real-Time Eye Blink Detection and Recognition in EEG Signals

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-387
Author(s):  
Michael Gabriel Miranda ◽  
Renato Alberto Salinas ◽  
Ulrich Raff ◽  
Oscar Magna
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Eeg Signal ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
Real Time Operation ◽  
Blink Detection ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
Detection And Localization

The blinking of an eye can be detected in electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings and can be understood as a useful control signal in some information processing tasks. The detection of a specific pattern associated with the blinking of an eye in real time using EEG signals of a single channel has been analyzed. This study considers both theoretical and practical principles enabling the design and implementation of a system capable of precise real-time detection of eye blinks within the EEG signal. This signal or pattern is subject to considerable scale changes and multiple incidences. In our proposed approach, a new wavelet was designed to improve the detection and localization of the eye blinking signal. The detection of multiple occurrences of the blinking perturbation in the recordings performed in real-time operation is achieved with a window giving a time-limited projection of an ongoing analysis of the sampled EEG signal.

scholarly journals Anytime ECG Monitoring through the Use of a Low-Cost, User-Friendly, Wearable Device

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6036
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Randazzo ◽  
Jacopo Ferretti ◽  
Eros Pasero
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Cardiac Health ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

Every year cardiovascular diseases kill the highest number of people worldwide. Among these, pathologies characterized by sporadic symptoms, such as atrial fibrillation, are difficult to be detected as state-of-the-art solutions, e.g., 12-leads electrocardiogram (ECG) or Holter devices, often fail to tackle these kinds of pathologies. Many portable devices have already been proposed, both in literature and in the market. Unfortunately, they all miss relevant features: they are either not wearable or wireless and their usage over a long-term period is often unsuitable. In addition, the quality of recordings is another key factor to perform reliable diagnosis. The ECG WATCH is a device designed for targeting all these issues. It is inexpensive, wearable (size of a watch), and can be used without the need for any medical expertise about positioning or usage. It is non-invasive, it records single-lead ECG in just 10 s, anytime, anywhere, without the need to physically travel to hospitals or cardiologists. It can acquire any of the three peripheral leads; results can be shared with physicians by simply tapping a smartphone app. The ECG WATCH quality has been tested on 30 people and has successfully compared with an electrocardiograph and an ECG simulator, both certified. The app embeds an algorithm for automatically detecting atrial fibrillation, which has been successfully tested with an official ECG simulator on different severity of atrial fibrillation. In this sense, the ECG WATCH is a promising device for anytime cardiac health monitoring.

scholarly journals Multipath Redundant Real-Time Transmission with the Destruction of Expired Packets in Intermediate Nodes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Bogatyrev ◽  
Stanislav Bogatyrev ◽  
Anatoly Bogatyrev
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Total Delay ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
Real Time Operation ◽  
The Given

The possibilities of increasing the probability of timely service and reducing the average waiting time for requests for machine-to-machine exchange in distributed computer systems are investigated. Improving the reliability, timeliness and error-free transmission in automated distributed control systems focused on intelligent and cognitive methods of data and image analysis is fundamental in their real-time operation. The effect is achieved as a result of the reserved multipath transfers of packets critical to delays, at which their replication is provided with a task for each replica of the path (route) of sequential passage of network nodes. An analytical model is proposed for estimating the probability of timely delivery and the average total waiting time in the queues of route nodes with reserved and non-reserved packet transmission. The communication nodes that make up the data transmission route are represented by single-channel queuing systems with an infinite queue. The influence of the multiplicity of redundancy (replication) of transmissions on the probability of their timely maintenance is analyzed. The condition for the success of reserved transfers is that the accumulated total waiting in the queues of nodes that make up the path for at least one of the replicas of the packet should not exceed the given maximum allowed time. The efficiency of destroying expired packets in the intermediate nodes that make up the data transmission paths is shown. The existence of an optimal redundancy multiplicity critical to the total delay in the queues of packets is shown.

Semantic Segmentation of QRS Complex in Single Channel ECG with Bidirectional LSTM Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 758-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingfeng Liu ◽  
Baodan Bai ◽  
Xinrong Chen ◽  
Qin Xia
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Qrs Complex ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Attention Model ◽  
Interval Prediction ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

In this paper, bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) networks are designed to realize the semantic segmentation of QRS complex in single channel electrocardiogram (ECG) for the tasks of R peak detection and heart rate estimation. Three types of seq2seq BiLSTM networks are introduced, including the densely connected BiLSTM with attention model, the BiLSTM U-Net, and the BiLSTM U-Net++. To alleviate the sparse problem of the QRS labels, symmetric label expansion is applied by extending the single R peak into a time interval of fixed length. Linear ensemble method is introduced that averages the outputs of different BiLSTM networks. The cross-validation results show significant increase of the accuracy and decrease of discontinuous gaps in the QRS interval prediction by the ensembling over singular neural networks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document