scholarly journals IPAssess: A Protocol-Based Fingerprinting Model for Device Identification in the IoT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddhartha Bhattacharyya ◽  
Parth Ganeriwala ◽  
Shreya Nandanwar ◽  
Raja Muthalagu ◽  
anubhav gupta
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Device Identification ◽  
Full Protocol ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Monitoring Technologies ◽  
Machine Learning Models

Internet of Things (IoT) are the most commonly used devices today, that provide services that have become widely prevalent. With their success and growing need, the number of threats and attacks against IoT devices and services have been increasing exponentially. With the increase in knowledge of IoT related threats and adequate monitoring technologies, the potential to detect these threats is becoming a reality. There have been various studies consisting of fingerprinting based approaches on device identification but none have taken into account the full protocol spectrum. IPAssess is a novel fingerprinting based model which takes a feature set based on the correlation between the device characteristics and the protocols and then applies various machine learning models to perform device identification and classification. We have also used aggregation and augmentation to enhance the algorithm. In our experimental study, IPAssess performs IoT device identification with a 99.6\% classification accuracy.

scholarly journals IPAssess: A Protocol-Based Fingerprinting Model for Device Identification in the IoT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddhartha Bhattacharyya ◽  
Parth Ganeriwala ◽  
Shreya Nandanwar ◽  
Raja Muthalagu ◽  
anubhav gupta
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Device Identification ◽  
Full Protocol ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Monitoring Technologies ◽  
Machine Learning Models

Internet of Things (IoT) are the most commonly used devices today, that provide services that have become widely prevalent. With their success and growing need, the number of threats and attacks against IoT devices and services have been increasing exponentially. With the increase in knowledge of IoT related threats and adequate monitoring technologies, the potential to detect these threats is becoming a reality. There have been various studies consisting of fingerprinting based approaches on device identification but none have taken into account the full protocol spectrum. IPAssess is a novel fingerprinting based model which takes a feature set based on the correlation between the device characteristics and the protocols and then applies various machine learning models to perform device identification and classification. We have also used aggregation and augmentation to enhance the algorithm. In our experimental study, IPAssess performs IoT device identification with a 99.6\% classification accuracy.

scholarly journals Edge Machine Learning for AI-Enabled IoT Devices: A Review

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Merenda ◽  
Carlo Porcaro ◽  
Demetrio Iero
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Machine Learning Models

In a few years, the world will be populated by billions of connected devices that will be placed in our homes, cities, vehicles, and industries. Devices with limited resources will interact with the surrounding environment and users. Many of these devices will be based on machine learning models to decode meaning and behavior behind sensors’ data, to implement accurate predictions and make decisions. The bottleneck will be the high level of connected things that could congest the network. Hence, the need to incorporate intelligence on end devices using machine learning algorithms. Deploying machine learning on such edge devices improves the network congestion by allowing computations to be performed close to the data sources. The aim of this work is to provide a review of the main techniques that guarantee the execution of machine learning models on hardware with low performances in the Internet of Things paradigm, paving the way to the Internet of Conscious Things. In this work, a detailed review on models, architecture, and requirements on solutions that implement edge machine learning on Internet of Things devices is presented, with the main goal to define the state of the art and envisioning development requirements. Furthermore, an example of edge machine learning implementation on a microcontroller will be provided, commonly regarded as the machine learning “Hello World”.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Methods for Detecting Internet-of-Things (IoT) Malware

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
K Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Application Developers ◽  
Machine Learning Models

This study aims to analyze the performance of machine learning models for detecting Internet of Things malware utilizing a recent IoT dataset. Experiments on the IoT dataset were conducted with nine well-known machine learning techniques, consisting of Logistic Regression (LR), Naive Bayes (NB), Decision Tree (DT), k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Neural Networks (NN), Random Forest (RF), Bagging (BG), and Stacking (ST). The results show that the proposed model attains 100% accuracy in detecting IoT malware for DT, SVM, RF, BG; about 99.9% percent for LR, NB, KNN, NN; and only 28.16% for ST classifier. This study also shows higher performance than other proposed machine learning models evaluated on the same dataset. Therefore, the results of this study can help both the researchers and application developers in designing and building intelligent malware detection systems for IoT devices.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Problems in Truck Ore Transport Operations in Underground Mines Using Various Machine Learning Models and Data Collected by Internet of Things Systems

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1128
Author(s):  
Sebeom Park ◽  
Dahee Jung ◽  
Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Yosoon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Validation Dataset ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Machine Learning Models

This study proposes a method for diagnosing problems in truck ore transport operations in underground mines using four machine learning models (i.e., Gaussian naïve Bayes (GNB), k-nearest neighbor (kNN), support vector machine (SVM), and classification and regression tree (CART)) and data collected by an Internet of Things system. A limestone underground mine with an applied mine production management system (using a tablet computer and Bluetooth beacon) is selected as the research area, and log data related to the truck travel time are collected. The machine learning models are trained and verified using the collected data, and grid search through 5-fold cross-validation is performed to improve the prediction accuracy of the models. The accuracy of CART is highest when the parameters leaf and split are set to 1 and 4, respectively (94.1%). In the validation of the machine learning models performed using the validation dataset (1500), the accuracy of the CART was 94.6%, and the precision and recall were 93.5% and 95.7%, respectively. In addition, it is confirmed that the F1 score reaches values as high as 94.6%. Through field application and analysis, it is confirmed that the proposed CART model can be utilized as a tool for monitoring and diagnosing the status of truck ore transport operations.

scholarly journals Analysis of deep learning models for network anomaly detection in Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Diana Gaifilina ◽  
Igor Kotenko
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Recurrent Neural Network ◽  
Network Traffic ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Network Anomaly Detection ◽  
Machine Learning Models

Introduction: The article discusses the problem of choosing deep learning models for detecting anomalies in Internet of Things (IoT) network traffic. This problem is associated with the necessity to analyze a large number of security events in order to identify the abnormal behavior of smart devices. A powerful technology for analyzing such data is machine learning and, in particular, deep learning. Purpose: Development of recommendations for the selection of deep learning models for anomaly detection in IoT network traffic. Results: The main results of the research are comparative analysis of deep learning models, and recommendations on the use of deep learning models for anomaly detection in IoT network traffic. Multilayer perceptron, convolutional neural network, recurrent neural network, long short-term memory, gated recurrent units, and combined convolutional-recurrent neural network were considered the basic deep learning models. Additionally, the authors analyzed the following traditional machine learning models: naive Bayesian classifier, support vector machines, logistic regression, k-nearest neighbors, boosting, and random forest. The following metrics were used as indicators of anomaly detection efficiency: accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measure, as well as the time spent on training the model. The constructed models demonstrated a higher accuracy rate for anomaly detection in large heterogeneous traffic typical for IoT, as compared to conventional machine learning methods. The authors found that with an increase in the number of neural network layers, the completeness of detecting anomalous connections rises. This has a positive effect on the recognition of unknown anomalies, but increases the number of false positives. In some cases, preparing traditional machine learning models takes less time. This is due to the fact that the application of deep learning methods requires more resources and computing power. Practical relevance: The results obtained can be used to build systems for network anomaly detection in Internet of Things traffic.

scholarly journals Precision Farming and Predictive Analytics in Agriculture Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S5) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Precision Farming ◽  
Loop Model ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Smart Farming ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Machine Learning Models

The scope of sensor networks and the Internet of Things spanning rapidly to diversified domains but not limited to sports, health, and business trading. In recent past, the sensors and MEMS integrated Internet of Things are playing crucial role in diversified farming strategies like dairy farming, animal farming, and agriculture farming. The usage of sensors and IoT technologies in farming are coined in contemporary literature as smart farming or precision farming. At its early stage of smart farming, the practices applying in agriculture farming are limited to collect the data related to the context of farming, such as soil state, weather state, weed state, crop quality, and seed quality. These collections are to help the farmers, scientists to conclude the positive and negative factors of crop to initiate the required agricultural practices. However, the impact of these practices taken by the agriculturists depends on their experience. In this regard, the computer-aided predictive analytics by machine learning and big data strategies are having inevitable scope. The emphasis of this manuscript is reviewing the existing set of computer-aided methods of predictive analytics defined in related to precision farming, gaining insights into how distinct set of precision farming inputs are supporting the predictive analytics to help farming communities towards improvisation. It is imperative from the review of the literature that right from the farming process and techniques to usage of distinct sets of farming precision models like the machine learning solutions and other such factors indicate that there are potential ways in which the precision farming solutions can be resourceful for the farming groups. Optical sensing, soil analysis, imagery processing based analysis, machine learning models that can support in effective prediction are some of the key areas wherein the numbers of solutions that have offered from the market are high. From the compiled sources of literature in the study, there must be many techniques, tools, and available solutions, but one of the key areas wherein the solutions are turning complex for the companies is about usage of the comprehensive kind of machine learning models used in the precision farming which is currently a major gap and is potential scope for the future research process. This contemporary review indicating that both supervised and unsupervised machine learning models are yielding results, still in terms of improvements that are essential in precision farming. The overall efforts of this review portraying that, there is a need for developing a system that can self-train on the critical features based on the loop model of features gathered from the process and make use of such inputs for analysis. If such clustered solution is gathered, it can help in improving the quality of analysis based on the learning practices and the historical data captured from the systems aligned.

XHAC

2022 ◽  
pp. 146-164
Author(s):  
Duygu Bagci Das ◽  
Derya Birant
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Window Size ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Data Exploration ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Explainable Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning Models

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is a concept that has emerged and become popular in recent years. Even interpretation in machine learning models has been drawing attention. Human activity classification (HAC) systems still lack interpretable approaches. In this study, an approach, called eXplainable HAC (XHAC), was proposed in which the data exploration, model structure explanation, and prediction explanation of the ML classifiers for HAR were examined to improve the explainability of the HAR models' components such as sensor types and their locations. For this purpose, various internet of things (IoT) sensors were considered individually, including accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer. The location of these sensors (i.e., ankle, arm, and chest) was also taken into account. The important features were explored. In addition, the effect of the window size on the classification performance was investigated. According to the obtained results, the proposed approach makes the HAC processes more explainable compared to the black-box ML techniques.

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