scholarly journals The role of influenza viruses in the development of severe acute respiratory infection in patients admitted to Yekaterinburg hospitals during 2017–2018 epidemic season

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-149
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Alimov ◽  
Svetlana S. Smirnova ◽  
Evgenia V. Lelenkova ◽  
Aleksandr Yu. Markaryan ◽  
Ivan V. Vyalykh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Objective. To study the role of influenza viruses in the development of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in patients admitted to Yekaterinburg hospitals during 2017-2018 epidemic season.Materials and Methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of influenza incidence in Yekaterinburg was conducted, 403 influenza and acute respiratory viral infections case sheets were studied, and PCR analysis of clinical samples from the patients for respiratory viral infections was performed.Results. During the epidemic period a total 27.0% of the Yekaterinburg population were reported with influenza and other SARI, with 1.8% patients hospitalized. 5.6% of the total number of patients admitted with influenza and SARI in Yekaterinburg hospitals were included in the study. The rate of the detection of influenza A and B viruses RNA in the clinical samples from the patients with SARI was 28.3%. The rates of the detection in PCR of influenza B/Yamagata, A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) were 46.5, 20.2 and 10.5%, respectively.Conclusion. The study results indicated that influenza viruses remain significant pathogens of respiratory infections that required hospitalization. Among patients with SARI the highest incidence was observed in children of a younger age group and was mainly associated with influenza B virus of Yamagata lineage and influenza A virus (H1N1)pdm09. According to the results of a molecular genetic study, influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 viruses belonged to clade 6B.1, carried characteristic amino acid substitutions in hemagglutinin S84N, S162N (with the acquisition of a potential glycosylation site) and I216T and were similar to the A/Michigan/45/2015 vaccine strain. The influenza B viruses studied belonged to the Yamagata lineage, clade 3. The influenza B/Ekaterinburg /RII-4723S/2018 virus differed from the reference strain B/Phuket/3073/2013 by two amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin gene M251V and L172Q.

PECULIARITIES OF THE INFLUENZA EPIDEMICS DURING 2015–2016, 2016–2017 AND 2017–2018 SEASONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA)

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
M.E. Ignat’eva ◽  
I.Yu. Samoilova ◽  
L.V. Budatsyrenova ◽  
T.V. Korita ◽  
O.E. Trotsenko
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
The Republic

We analyzed the epidemiological situations on influenza and acute respiratory viral infections during the 2015–2016, 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 epidemic seasons in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 epidemic seasons differed from the previous ones by a rather high intensity of the epidemic process, moderate duration of the epidemic awareness with a two-wave pattern of the course, high morbidity of the population at the epidemic peak and the absence of the disease’s severe forms in those vaccinated against influenza. During the 2015–2016 epidemic season, the influenza A (H1N1) virus was the dominant pathogen in Yakutia. During the 2016–2017 epidemic season, the first morbidity awareness was caused by the influenza A (H3N2) virus, the second morbidity awareness was caused by the influenza B virus. In contrast to previous two seasons the 2017–2018 epidemic season is characterized by lower intensity, a significant morbidity decrease of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections in different age groups of the population and a low level of influenza viruses' circulation. Influenza A (H3N2) virus dominated and joined influenza B virus circulation was registered subsequently during the 2017–2018 epidemic season.

scholarly journals Hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers as a correlate of protection against influenza disease in the 2018/2019 epidemic season in Poland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Hallmann-Szelińska ◽  
Karol Szymański ◽  
Katarzyna Łuniewska ◽  
Katarzyna Kondratiuk ◽  
Lidia Bernadeta Brydak
Keyword(s):  
Hemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition Test ◽  
Inhibition Antibody

The aim of this study was to determine the level of antibodies against hemagglutinin of influenza viruses in the sera of people in the seven age groups in the epidemic season 2018/2019 in Poland. The level of anti-hemagglutinin antibodies was determined by hemagglutination inhibition test (HAI). 1050 clinical samples from all over the country were tested. The level of antibodies against influenza viruses was highest in the 10–14 age group for A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (H3N2) and B/Phuket/3073/2013 Yamagata lineage antigens. These results confirm the circulation of four antigenically different influenza virus strains, two subtypes of influenza A virus – A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1)pdm09 and A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (H3N2) and two lineages of influenza B virus – B/Colorado/06/2017 – Victoria lineage and B/Phuket/3073/2013 Yamagata lineage.

scholarly journals ЕPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND СLINICAL FEATURES OF INFLUENZA IN CHILDREN IN THE STAVROPOL TERRITORY IN THE EPIDEMIC PERIOD OF 2015–2016 AND 2016–2017 YEARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
S. M. Bezrodnova ◽  
N. A. Yatsenko ◽  
O. O. Kravchenko ◽  
Sh. M. Khurtsilava
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
Microcirculation Disturbance ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Objective: to study the clinical and epidemiological features of influenza in children in the Stavropol Territory.Materials and methods: influenza prevalence is analyzed from 2015 to 2017 the paper used the data from the Territorial Rospotrebnadzor in the Stavropol Territory. We used the following methods: bibliographic, monographic description, epidemiological, analytical, statistical methods.Results: Among the deciphered acute respiratory viral infections, the specific gravity of influenza A (H1N1) 09 in 2016 reached 78%, and in 2017 influenza B prevailed – in 57,4% of children, and influenza A (H3N2) – in 42,6% of cases. In 2016 68,5% of children under 6 years of age, of all admitted, were hospitalized, and in 2017 – 83,86%. We presented the peculiarities of the course of influenza in different epidemic seasons.Conclusion: Unvaccinated children up to 6 years of age have the disease mainly in severe forms and with complications. The epidemic period began to increase in 2015–2016 at week 52, and in 2016–2017 from week 48, ended at week 13 and at week 17. At the epidemic of 2015–2016, intoxication syndrome with chills, microcirculation disturbance, catarrhal syndrome, ARDS prevailed in the clinical picture. The epidemic season of 2016–2017 was characterized by intoxication syndrome, encephalic reaction, hemorrhagic and myalgic syndromes.

scholarly journals DETECTION OF INFLUENZA VIRUS AND PATHOGENS OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTIONS IN POPULATION OF KAZAKHSTAN DURING 2018-2019 EPIDEMIC SEASON

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Klivleyeva ◽  
N. S. Ongarbayeva ◽  
A. M. Baimukhametova ◽  
N. T. Saktaganov ◽  
G. V. Lukmanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Type B ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections are the most common contemporary infectious diseases resulting in prominent harm to human health and great economic damage. At least five groups of viruses including more than 300 subtypes are currently referred to ARVI pathogens. Such infectious agents are characterized by variability resulting in their altered antigenic characteristics, increased contagiousness, "evasion from immune response and resistance to antivirals. Relevance of influenza and other ARVIs is also accounted for by rapid development of bacteria-associated respiratory diseases. Continuous variability of influenza viruses and emergence of new ARVI pathogens pose a serious threat. In recent years, a simultaneous circulation of subtype A (H1N1) and A (H3N2) influenza viruses with a predominance of a pandemic strain as well as type B viruses have been observed. Among the causative agents of non-influenza ARVIs, respiratory syncytial virus, rhino- and adenoviruses, and I/III parainfluenza viruses are recorded most often. Here we present the data of virology and serological examination of clinical samples collected during the 2018 – 2019 epidemic season in the Republic of Kazakhstan. For this, 2794 clinical samples (2530 nasopharyngeal swabs and 264 blood serums) were collected from patients diagnosed with ARVI, ARI, bronchitis, and pneumonia. Analysis of nasopharyngeal swabs for detection of influenza by RT-PCR demonstrated that mixed etiology influenza viruses with predominance of A/H1N1pdm virus circulated in Kazakhstan. The genetic fingerprints of influenza virus were found in 511 swabs (20.20% of total examined samples). Influenza A virus RNA was detected in 508 biological samples: A/H1N1 – in 289, A/H3N2 – in 209, and unidentified virus subtype in 10 samples. Type B influenza virus was detected in 3 samples. Study of 264 serum samples by HAI assay and ELISA showed emergence of antibodies against influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B viruses in residents from various regions of Kazakhstan that indirectly confirmed co-circulation of these viruses. 42 influenza virus strains were isolated in chicken embryos, from which 28 were assigned to A/H1N1pdm virus, 13 to A/H3N2 virus, and one isolate was identified as influenza B virus. Laboratory diagnostics of clinical samples for ARVIs established that among identified non-influenza agents respiratory syncytial virus dominated, while rhinoviruses and adenoviruses were less common. Metapneumoviruses, bocaviruses, coronaviruses, and type I parainfluenza viruses were detected in few cases. Comparison of study data with those obtained after examining circulation of influenza viruses during the 2017 – 2018 epidemic season showed that in 2018 – 2019 in Kazakhstan similar to the previous epidemic season, influenza A and B viruses continued to circulate, with prevalence of A/H1N1pdm virus. Identification of non-influenza viruses causing respiratory infections in 2018 – 2019 showed predominance of respiratory syncytial virus, which correlated with data on the 2017 – 2018 epidemic season.

scholarly journals MICROBIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS AND IMPORTANCE OF INFECTIONS CAUSED BY INFLENZAE – А VIRUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 1057-1061
Author(s):  
Zivadinka Cvetanovska ◽  
Vaso Taleski
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Subtype A

Influenza is one of the commonest acute viral respiratory infections with a great potential for spreading as an epidemic or pandemic appearance. Until 2009 relevant data about types and subtypes of influenza viruses circulated in Republic of Macedonia, did not exist. Since pandemic in 2009, molecular method RT-PCR was introduced real time detection of types and subtypes of influenza viruses, which enabled continuously and accurate follow up. Flu differ in types and subtypes presence in each new season, with great influence on number of patients and deaths caused by influenza viral infections. In season 2009/2010 - type Influenza A dominated, subtype A (H1N1) pdm. Total number of 54.343 cases were registered and 30 deaths. In season 2010/2011 – co-circulated types of Influenza A and Influenza B, with small domination of subtype A (H1N1) pdm. Total number of 27.635 cases were registered and 17 deaths. In season 2011/2012 - dominant was type Influenza A, subtype A (H3N2). Total number of 9.732 cases were registered and only one case of death. In season 2012/2013 - co-circulated types of Influenza A and Influenza B, with domination of subtype A (H1N1) pdm. Total number of 24.524 were registered, no deaths. In season 2013/2014 - co-circulated types of Influenza A and Influenza B, with domination of subtype A (H3N2). Total number of 29.074 were registered and 12 deaths. In season 2014/2015 - dominant was type Influenza B, and also Influenza A subtype A(H3N2) circulated. Total number of reported cases was 33.228, no deaths. In season 2015/2016 - Influenza A, subtype A(H1N1) pdm was dominant. During same period, type Influenza B, subtype Victoria was detected as well. Total number of reported cases was 29.094 and 2 deaths. In season 2016/2017 - type Influenza A, subtype A/H3, was dominant. Total number of reported cases was 35.079 and 2 deaths. In season 2017/2018 година – simultaneously circulation of types Influenza А and Influenza B, with domination of lineage B/Yamagata. Total number of 23.954 cases were registered, no deaths. In season 2018/2019 - highest number of cases were caused by type Influenza A subtype A(H1) pdm, in co-circulation with Influenza А(H3). Total number of reported cases was 21.404 and 29 deaths, that present the highest number of deaths in correlation with number of diseased.

scholarly journals Influenza A and B viruses in the population of Vojvodina, Serbia

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Radovanov ◽  
V. Milosevic ◽  
I. Hrnjakovic ◽  
V. Petrovic ◽  
M. Ristic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Seasonal Epidemic

At present, two influenza A viruses, H1N1pdm09 and H3N2, along with influenza B virus co-circulate in the human population, causing endemic and seasonal epidemic acute febrile respiratory infections, sometimes with life-threatening complications. Detection of influenza viruses in nasopharyngeal swab samples was done by real-time RT-PCR. There were 60.2% (53/88) positive samples in 2010/11, 63.4% (52/82) in 2011/12, and 49.9% (184/369) in 2012/13. Among the positive patients, influenza A viruses were predominant during the first two seasons, while influenza B type was more active during 2012/13. Subtyping of influenza A positive samples revealed the presence of A (H1N1)pdm09 in 2010/11, A (H3N2) in 2011/12, while in 2012/13, both subtypes were detected. The highest seroprevalence against influenza A was in the age-group 30-64, and against influenza B in adults aged 30-64 and >65.

scholarly journals MOLECULAR AND GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SURFACE AND NONSTRUCTURE PROTEINS OF PANDEMIC INFLUENZA VIRUSES A(H1N1)PDM09 IN 2015-2016 EPIDEMIC SEASON

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
O. Smutko ◽  
L. Radchenko ◽  
A. Mironenko
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
Ns1 Protein ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

The aim of the present study was identifying of molecular and genetic changes in hemaglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA) and non-structure protein (NS1) genes of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 strains, that circulated in Ukraine during 2015-2016 epidemic season. Samples (nasopharyngeal swabs from patients) were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR). Phylogenetic trees were constructed using MEGA 7 software. 3D structures were constructed in Chimera 1.11.2rc software. Viruses were collected in 2015-2016 season fell into genetic group 6B and in two emerging subgroups, 6B.1 and 6B.2 by gene of HA and NA. Subgroups 6B.1 and 6B.2 are defined by the following amino acid substitutions. In the NS1 protein were identified new amino acid substitutions D2E, N48S, and E125D in 2015-2016 epidemic season. Specific changes were observed in HA protein antigenic sites, but viruses saved similarity to vaccine strain. NS1 protein acquired substitution associated with increased virulence of the influenza virus.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Respiratory Pathogens among Elderly Nursing Home Residents with Acute Respiratory Infections in Corsica, France, 2013–2017

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Masse ◽  
Lisandru Capai ◽  
Alessandra Falchi
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens

Background. The current study aims to describe the demographical and clinical characteristics of elderly nursing home (NH) residents with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) during four winter seasons (2013/2014–2016/2017), as well as the microbiological etiology of these infections. Methods. Seventeen NHs with at least one ARI resident in Corsica, France, were included. An ARI resident was defined as a resident developing a sudden onset of any constitutional symptoms in addition to any respiratory signs. Nasopharyngeal swabs from ARI residents were screened for the presence of 21 respiratory agents, including seasonal influenza viruses. Results. Of the 107 ARI residents enrolled from NHs, 61 (57%) were positive for at least one of the 21 respiratory pathogens. Forty-one (38.3%) of the 107 ARI residents had influenza: 38 (92%) were positive for influenza A (100% A(H3N2)) and three (8%) for influenza B/Victoria. Axillary fever (≥38°C) was significantly more common among patients infected with influenza A(H3N2). Conclusion. The circulation of seasonal respiratory viruses other than influenza A(H3N2) seems to be sporadic among elderly NH residents. Investigating the circulation of respiratory viruses in nonwinter seasons seems to be important in order to understand better the dynamic of their year-round circulation in NHs.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Novel Compounds with Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity against Influenza A and B Viruses

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Gyu Park ◽  
Ginés Ávila-Pérez ◽  
Aitor Nogales ◽  
Pilar Blanco-Lobo ◽  
Juan C. de la Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Genome Replication

ABSTRACT Influenza A (IAV) and influenza B (IBV) viruses are highly contagious pathogens that cause fatal respiratory disease every year, with high economic impact. In addition, IAV can cause pandemic infections with great consequences when new viruses are introduced into humans. In this study, we evaluated 10 previously described compounds with antiviral activity against mammarenaviruses for their ability to inhibit IAV infection using our recently described bireporter influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) H1N1 (BIRFLU). Among the 10 tested compounds, eight (antimycin A [AmA], brequinar [BRQ], 6-azauridine, azaribine, pyrazofurin [PF], AVN-944, mycophenolate mofetil [MMF], and mycophenolic acid [MPA]), but not obatoclax or Osu-03012, showed potent anti-influenza virus activity under posttreatment conditions [median 50% effective concentration (EC50) = 3.80 nM to 1.73 μM; selective index SI for 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, >28.90 to 13,157.89]. AmA, 6-azauridine, azaribine, and PF also showed potent inhibitory effect in pretreatment (EC50 = 0.14 μM to 0.55 μM; SI-MTT = 70.12 to >357.14) or cotreatment (EC50 = 34.69 nM to 7.52 μM; SI-MTT = 5.24 to > 1,441.33) settings. All of the compounds tested inhibited viral genome replication and gene transcription, and none of them affected host cellular RNA polymerase II activities. The antiviral activity of the eight identified compounds against BIRFLU was further confirmed with seasonal IAVs (A/California/04/2009 H1N1 and A/Wyoming/3/2003 H3N2) and an IBV (B/Brisbane/60/2008, Victoria lineage), demonstrating their broad-spectrum prophylactic and therapeutic activity against currently circulating influenza viruses in humans. Together, our results identified a new set of antiviral compounds for the potential treatment of influenza viral infections. IMPORTANCE Influenza viruses are highly contagious pathogens and are a major threat to human health. Vaccination remains the most effective tool to protect humans against influenza infection. However, vaccination does not always guarantee complete protection against drifted or, more noticeably, shifted influenza viruses. Although U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drugs are approved for the treatment of influenza infections, influenza viruses resistant to current FDA antivirals have been reported and continue to emerge. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find novel antivirals for the treatment of influenza viral infections in humans, a search that could be expedited by repurposing currently approved drugs. In this study, we assessed the influenza antiviral activity of 10 compounds previously shown to inhibit mammarenavirus infection. Among them, eight drugs showed antiviral activities, providing a new battery of drugs that could be used for the treatment of influenza infections.

scholarly journals Respiratory viral infections in children: modalities for pathogenic treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 762-767
Author(s):  
S.V. Nikolaeva ◽  
◽  
Yu.N. Khlypovka ◽  
V.A. Zavolozhin ◽  
E.K. Shushakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Rhinovirus C

Respiratory viruses are the leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. Rapid identification of a pathogen, epidemiological surveillance, description of symptoms, and the development of preventive and therapeutic measures are keystones to limit the spread of respiratory infections. Novel viruses with specific properties are regularly discovered. This paper addresses essential data on the most common viruses provoking acute respiratory infections, including whose in children and the pattern of their course. Conventionally, the most vital concern is flu. Influenza viruses provoke seasonal outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. Many studies demonstrate the role of rhinovirus C in the development of bronchiolitis and, subsequently, asthma. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2 provoking COVID-19 were recently described. Knowledge of known and newly emerging viruses is crucial for timely adequate medical care. The authors discuss major therapeutic strategies for acute respiratory infections that provide a more favorable course of infectious inflammation irrespective of viral etiology. KEYWORDS: acute respiratory infections, influenza virus, rhinovirus, coronavirus, pneumonia, interferon. FOR CITATION: Nikolaeva S.V., Khlypovka Yu.N., Zavolozhin V.A. et al. Respiratory viral infections in children: modalities for pathogenic treatment. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(11):762–767 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-11-762-767.

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