scholarly journals Strategie di relativizzazione in russo

2016 ◽  
pp. 225-242
Author(s):  
Sara Milani
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Linear Orders ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Using Data ◽  
National Corpus

This article is dedicated to relativization in contemporary Russian and provides an overview of the main Russian morphosyntactic relativization strategies (Cinque 2013). The study describes the typological variety of Russian RCs, using data taken from the National Corpus and tested with native speakers’ judgments. Three criteria have been adopted to examine Russian RCs: the cross-linguistic linear orders of RC and Noun Head (Dryer 2005), the presence of a resumptive pronoun in the relativization site (Lavine 2003) and, finally, the inflectional completeness of the RC (finite/ non-finite RCs).

scholarly journals The Use of the Thai Final Particle Na by Japanese Learners of Thai

MANUSYA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-54
Author(s):  
Sumintra Maklai ◽  
Theeraporn Ratitamkul ◽  
Thanasak Sirikanerat
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
First Language ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Final Particle ◽  
Communicative Functions ◽  
Linguistic Input ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Japanese Learners ◽  
National Corpus

This research aims to analyze communicative functions of the Thai final particle na and to explore the use of na by Japanese learners of Thai, comparing to that of native speakers. The study consisted of two parts. The first part involved an analysis of na using data from the Thai National Corpus (TNC). The findings showed that na had three main communicative functions. It was used to soften the tone of an utterance, to emphasize an utterance, and to mark a topic of an utterance. The second part of this research concerned conversational data in a pair discussion task of 10 Japanese learners of Thai and 10 native Thai speakers. The results showed that, when different functions and contexts were considered, the use of the Thai final particle na by the Japanese learners was similar to that of the native Thai speakers. That is, both groups used na most frequently to emphasize an utterance and least often to mark a topic of an utterance. This could result from a positive transfer from the learners’ first language. However, it was found that the Japanese learners showed significantly fewer instances of na as a topic marker than the native Thai speakers. It is possible that its marked position and low frequency in the learners’ linguistic input as suggested by the corpus data made na in this function difficult to acquire. This research also pointed to the importance of proficiency in a second language as a factor affecting learners’ use of final particles in conversation.

scholarly journals On Adjectival Attributives Blood, Direct, Peaceful as Components of Archaic Nominations of Friends

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Tatyana Leontyeva
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Spiritual Intimacy ◽  
Class Identification ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Over Time ◽  
National Corpus

The article discusses the changes in collocability of the word friend over time. It notes that the works by A.S. Pushkin contain the forms, unexpected for the perception of the native speakers of the modern Russian language: blood friends, direct friend, peaceful friends. The analysis of the specified attributive combinations is carried out applying definitional, contextual, linguocultural analysis methods. The text material from the National Corpus of the Russian language is used. It is proved that the expression "blood friends" could denote "people connected by strong friendship" and "people of the same class". Physical kinship criterion has been proved to serve as a basis for cognitive understanding of spiritual intimacy and social class identification. However, the connection between primary and secondary semantics is not so direct here; it is mediated by the cultural layer – the custom of twinning, a form of artificial relationship noted among many peoples. Most examples of the usage of the phrase "direct friend" mean 'express your opinion to someone honestly, directly'. The expression "peaceful friends" is interpreted as based on a doubling of the meaning 'in a relationship of agreement'. The research results can be used in compiling dictionaries of the Russian language, and also in teaching linguistic disciplines.

scholarly journals The cross-sectional average inequality in lifespan (CAL†): A lifespan variation measure that reflects the mortality histories of cohorts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília Nepomuceno ◽  
Qi Cui ◽  
Alyson A van Raalte ◽  
José Manuel Aburto ◽  
Vladimir Canudas-Romo
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Country Rankings ◽  
Lifespan Variation ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Length Of Life ◽  
Timing Of Death ◽  
Cross Sectional Average

Lifespan variation is a key metric of mortality that describes both individual uncertaintyabout the length of life and heterogeneity in population health. We propose a novel andtimely lifespan variation measure, which we call the Cross-sectional Average Inequality in Lifespan. This new index provides an alternative perspective on the analysis of lifespan inequality by combining the mortality histories of all cohorts present in a cross-sectional approach. We demonstrate how differences in the Cross-sectional Average Inequality in Lifespan measure can be decomposed between populations by age and cohort to explore the compression or expansion of mortality in a cohort perspective. We apply these new methods using data from ten low-mortality countries from 1879 to 2013. The Cross-sectional Average Inequality in Lifespan measure reveals greater uncertainty in the timing of death than the period life table-based indices of variation indicate. Also, country rankings of lifespan inequality vary considerably between period and cross-sectional measures. These differences open intriguing questions as to which temporal dimension is the most relevant to individuals when considering the uncertainty in the timing of death in planning their life courses.

scholarly journals COGNITIVE INTERPRETATION OF OBJECTS’ STATE OF BEING

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5(74)) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
M.V. Kozis
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
Semantic Description ◽  
Search Results ◽  
Language Representation ◽  
Cognitive Frame ◽  
Google Search ◽  
National Corpus

The paper focuses on language conceptualization of objects’ state of being within the framework of the frame approach studying cognitive frame of spatial position of entities. The author offers a linguistic overview of Russian metaphoric posture verbs stoyat', sidet', lezhat'. The analysis is based on a sample of over 1,500 Russian sentences from the Russian National Corpus, Google search results and utterances offered by native speakers of Russian.Distributive analysis allowed to define the co-occurrence of posture verbs with nouns denoting different objects and to hypothesize the verbs' meanings. Triangulation approach involving corpus experiment, semantics experiment and inquiries in searching systems revealed frequency and acceptability of the verbs stoyat', sidet', lezhat' in utterances representing various denotative situations, which allowed to verify the hypothesis on the verbs' meaning and describe their semantics. The study reveals variability in cognitive interpretation of physical objects’ sate of being and the key role of human prototype in conceptualization of spatial position of entities. The study shows that language representation of the frame “the object’s state of being in space” relies on its salient element –possible one-to-one correspondence between the object’s position and a human posture. The final stage of the research features semantic description of the verbs under study.

L2-constructions that go together – more on valency constructions and learner language

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-30
Author(s):  
Armine Garibyan ◽  
Evelin Balog ◽  
Thomas Herbst
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Stimulus Word ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Verbal Stimulus ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
Learner Language ◽  
National Corpus

Abstract This paper sets out to illustrate differences between learner language and the language of native speakers by a number of tests carried out with students of English at the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg. The first part of the experiment aims at testing knowledge of collocations: In order to compare to what extent combinations of certain words are stored in the constructica of native speakers and advanced learners of English, we used the test battery developed by Dąbrowska (2014): although, as was to be expected, on the whole, native speakers displayed a much greater competence at judging which combinations of words can be regarded as established collocations, interestingly, some learners outperformed some native speakers. The second part of the project was designed to explore the number and types of different valency constructions informants produce on being provided with a verbal stimulus. It is very interesting to see that, given the stimulus word caught, for example, the non-native speakers would predominantly produce sentences with police, thief, murderer, suspect etc. which do not rank amongst the 50 top collexemes of caught in the British National Corpus. We would thus argue that an analysis of the words used in particular slots of argument structure constructions (i.e. the collexemes or itecxes) provides a useful means of characterizing the language of advanced learners and to underscore the importance of collo-phenomena in language teaching.

Extraction facts and the internal structure of nominal constructions in Polish – (A report on) an empirical study

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Cegłowski
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Optimal Shape ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Left Branch ◽  
Nominal Structure ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Point Of Departure

AbstractThis paper examines the acceptability of several types of extraction out of the nominal domain (Left Branch Extraction – LBE, deep LBE, extraordinary LBE, double AP LBE, extraction of NP-complements, extraction across a numeral) in Polish and its relevance for the current views on the nominal structure of the “NP”/“DP” -languages. The point of departure is an overview of the abovementioned extraction types. Next, a succinct summary of an acceptability study of these constructions conducted on a population of 183 native speakers of Polish is provided. While the results confirm the cross-linguistic observation that the extractions in question are generally ‘discourse-triggered’, their acceptability in Polish seems to be relatively low and reveals fairly interesting differences between the specific constructions (e.g., LBE-wh vs. LBE-demonstratives). These may have broader implications for the ongoing debate concerning the optimal shape of the nominal structure in (languages like) Polish, as they seem to provide (at least circumstantial) arguments for a more elaborate sequence of projections on top of the NP.

“Surely you knew!”

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Downing
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Broad View ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Epistemic Stances ◽  
National Corpus

A broad view of evidentiality is adopted, based on Chafe (1986) and Haviland (1987) which goes beyond the grammatical marking of the speaker’s or writer’s perceived sources of knowledge and reliability of these sources to encode, not only what the speaker knows and how s/he knows it, but also what can be taken to be an addressee’s state of knowledge. According to this view, evidentials are contemplated as interactive devices or resources for redefining common ground between interlocutors. They go beyond referential content to signal such meanings as confrontation and contradictory assumptions. They are necessarily situated in social contexts and have an indexical function. They may also overlap with epistemic stances and with affect, ranging in the case of surely from surprise, disbelief, doubt and disapproval to persuasion and an invitation to share beliefs or to agree on future courses of action. Using data from the British National Corpus, I analyse a sample of concordances of surely with subject personal pronouns, with the aim of providing a preliminary characterisation of the range of interpersonal attitudes expressed by surely and the determining factors which trigger these apparently contradictory stances.

Formalizing and Testing Duverger's Theories on Political Parties

1985 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENNETH JANDA ◽  
DESMOND S. KING
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Causal Diagram ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Cross National

Maurice Duverger's Political Parties, written more than three decades ago, remains the most prominent source of hypotheses on parties and party systems. Although many years have passed since its publication, no one has formalized Duverger's main hypotheses on political parties and subjected them to empirical test. This article identifies Duverger's key concepts on party structure, links the concepts in 19 formal bivariate propositions, operationalizes the concepts using data from a worldwide sample of 147 parties in 53 countries, and tests all 19 propositions. Twelve are supported by the cross-national empirical test. Interrelationships among these 12 bivariate propositions are shown in a causal diagram, and suggestions are made for moving beyond Duverger's bivariate thinking to more powerful multivariate theorizing about the causes and consequences of party structure.

scholarly journals Constructional schemas in variation

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olli O. Silvennoinen
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
Using Data ◽  
National Corpus

Abstract This paper discusses constructional variation in the domain of contrastive negation in English, using data from the British National Corpus. Contrastive negation refers to constructs with two parts, one negative and the other affirmative, such that the affirmative offers an alternative to the negative in the frame in question (e.g. shaken, not stirred; not once but twice; I don’t like it – I love it). The paper utilises multiple correspondence analysis to explore the degree of synonymy among the various constructional schemas of contrastive negation, finding that different schemas are associated with different semantic, pragmatic and extralinguistic contexts but also that certain schemas do not differ from each other in a significant way.

Analysis of Cross-Reactivity and Allergic Symptoms of 19 Allergens: Results from NHANES 2005–2006

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zhi-Ling Zhu ◽  
Ying-Xing Wu ◽  
Zhu-Ping Zhang ◽  
Song Li
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Allergic Symptoms ◽  
Allergen Sources ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Using Data

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> We explored the cross-reactivity among 19 common allergen sources and evaluated the influence of serum IgE concentrations and the number of sensitized allergens on the incidence of allergic symptoms. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted this cross-sectional analysis using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2006 which is a program of studies designed to assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the USA. After excluding participants with missing data from the allergen IgE test, allergy questionnaire, and respiratory health questionnaire, a total of 7,224 participants aged 6 years and older were included, as children younger than 6 years old did not complete all 19 allergen-specific IgE tests. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the cross-reactivity between allergen sources. An independent sample Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to investigate the relationship between the serum-specific IgE levels of 19 allergens and the incidence of allergic symptoms. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The cross-reactivity between <i>D. farinae</i> and <i>D. pteronyssinus</i> was the strongest (ρ = 0.88), and cross-reactivity of cross-species was universal. With the increase in serum-specific IgE levels of <i>D. farinae</i>, <i>D. pteronyssinus</i>, oak, and birch, the incidence of sneezing increased (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). With the increase in serum-specific IgE levels of cats, dogs, peanuts, <i>Aspergillus</i>, and <i>Alternaria</i>, the incidence of wheezing increased (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). The incidence of rash was positively correlated with serum-specific IgE levels of <i>D. farinae</i>, <i>D. pteronyssinus</i>, shrimp, and peanut (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). The incidence of wheezing continued to increase with an increase in sensitized allergens. When participants were sensitized to &#x3c;10 allergens, the incidence of sneezing continued to increase as the number of sensitized allergens increased, whereas the incidence of rash did not have a clear association with the number of sensitized allergens. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Species that are biologically close are more likely to have antigen cross-reactivity, while cross-reactivity among different species is common. Different allergens tend to cause different allergic symptoms. Different allergic sites in the body have inconsistent responses to the number of sensitized allergens.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document